Lesson 22


单词学习

名师点睛
eyesight /ˈaɪsaɪt/
n.[U]视力
【搭配】lose one’s eyesight失明;a man with good/acute eyesight视力敏锐的人
【例句】We test your eyesight before giving you a driving licence.在发给你驾驶证之前,我们要检验一下你的视力。
【链接】optic a.眼的,视觉的:the optic nerve视神经
horizon /həˈraɪzən/
n.[C]①[pl.]眼界,见识②地平线 【搭配】extend/widen one’s horizons 拓宽眼界;enlarge/open up horizons 扩大眼界
【短语】on the horizon即将发生的
【例句】People may broaden their horizons by travelling abroad.出国旅行能拓宽人们的视野。
【链接】horizontal a.地平线的,水平线的
vision /ˈvɪʒən/
n.[U]视力,视觉
【搭配】damage/hurt one’s vision损伤视力;a person of broad vision见识广阔的人
【例句】I’ve had my eyes tested and the optician says that my vision is perfect.我验光了,验光师说我的视力非常好。
【链接】visionary a.①有远见的,有创见的②梦幻的,神示的n.有远见卓识的人:a visionary leader有远见卓识的领导;visibility n.①可见度②明显性:zero visibility能见度为零
view /vju:/
n.[C,U]观察;视域,眼界
【搭配】come into view进入视野;expand/extend one’s view扩大视野;be lost from view从视线中消失
【例句】The speaker stood in full view of the crowd.演讲者站在大家能看得到的地方。
同义辨析
eyesight指眼睛能看见东西的能力;horizon指认识、兴趣或感知的区域和范围;vision指眼睛的正常功能,引申为对事物的洞察力、想象力。


名师点睛
inspect /ɪnˈspekt/
vt.检查,视察
【搭配】inspect the baggage/body检查行李/身体;inspect a report/plan/scheme检查报告/计划/方案;inspect the factory/school/troops视察工厂/学校/部队
【例句】Nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train.我上火车前,没有人查看我的车票。
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪgeɪt/
v.调查,调查研究
【搭配】investigate the incident/robbery调查事件/抢劫案;investigate the complaint/crime调查投诉/罪行;investigate into an affair调查一件事情;investigate alternative careers调查其他职业
【例句】It was the first time it had investigated which brands made up “littered England”.这是第一次进行调查,看哪些品牌导致了“垃圾遍布的英国”。
【链接】investigator n.调查员,侦察员:a private investigator私人侦探
scrutitise/-ize/ˈskru:tɪtaɪz/
vt.仔彻底检查(某事物)
【搭配】scrutinise sb’s passport仔细检查某人的护照;scrutinise the structure’s foundation细察建筑物的地基
【例句】He scrutinised the diamond for aws.他仔细察看钻石有无瑕疵。
survey /səˈveɪ/
vt.①调查,检视②全面审视③测量
【例句】This book surveys the events leading to the Civil War.这本书概述了导致南北战争的各个事件。
explore /ɪkˈsplɔ:/
v.①仔细查阅,探索②勘探,探测
【搭配】explore the cause/root探索起因/根源;explore the possibilities探究可能性;explore ways to stay young探究保持青春的方法;explore the continent勘察大陆
【例句】Nowadays,the Internet provides people with a means to explore the whole world without going out.在当今社会,互联网给人们提供了一种不用外出就可以探索整个世界的途径。
probe /prəb/
v.①探索,调查②用探针(或探测器等)探查,探测
【搭配】probe a matter to the bottom 彻底调查一件事;probe sb’s mind探查某人的心意
【例句】The governor appointed a committee to probe the causes of the strike.州长已委派一个委员会去调查罢工的起因。
pore /pɔ:/
vi.(over)仔细阅读;审视n.[C]毛孔,细孔
【搭配】pore on the matter深思问题;at every pore极度,非常
【例句】He spent hours poring over the statistics.他花了数小时仔细阅读这些统计数据。
prospect /prəˈspekt/
vt.(for)勘探,勘察
【搭配】the prospecting team勘探队
【例句】They are prospecting the region for oil.他们正在该区勘探石油。
poll /pəl/
vt.①对……进行民意测验②获得(……张选票)
【搭配】poll the members about the rules要求成员对章程表态;poll twice as many votes as his opponent 获得二倍于对手的选票
【例句】Almost three-quarters of those who were polled said they opposed the government’s policy.被调查的人中有将近四分之三的人说他们反对政府的政策。
同义辨析
investigate通常是正式的或官方的调查,以弄清事实(如incident/robbery)的真相;scrutinise指仔细地检查,注意微小的环节(如passport);survey指详细打探、深追细究,以致使人能对(如evidence/plan)掌握一个全貌。


名师点睛
trial /ˈtraɪəl/
n.①[C,U]审判,审讯②[C,U]试用;试验③[C]讨厌的人(或事物)
【搭配】go on trial for bribe因贿赂而受审;conduct a public trial进行公审;make a trial of his strength试试他的力量
【短语】by trial and error反复试验,不断摸索
【例句】Customers who accepted a“free trial offer”had 30 days to cancel ordering these products and services.接受“免费试用”的消费者可以在30天内取消订购这些产品或服务。
observation/ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃən/
n.①[C,U]注意,观察②[常pl.]观察资料③[C,U]观察力
【搭配】keep sb under observation观察某人;carry out/conduct observation进行观察;escape observation避免注意;a man of keen/narrow observation观察力敏锐/有限的人
【例句】The assumptions behind their observations need to be examined.他们观察后所做的假设有待进一步检验。
scrutiny /ˈskru:tɪnɪ/
n.[C,U]详细检查,仔细观察
【搭配】bear close scrutiny经得起仔细检查;demand a scrutiny要求仔细检查;make a scrutiny into his testimony对其证词进行详查
【例句】Every product gets a close scrutiny.每件产品都要经过仔细的检查。
survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/
n.[C]①调查,查勘②测量③全面审视
【搭配】surveys indicate that...调查表明……;carry out a survey on sth 对某事展开调查;make a survey of the accident对事故作调查
【例句】Dr Faustic conducted a two-year survey to fnd out how to prevent or reduce dental decay.福斯蒂克医生开展了一个为期两年的调查来研究怎样防止或减少牙患。
probe /prəʊb/
n.[C]①探索,调查②探针,探测器
【搭配】one’s probe into the bribery charges对行贿指控的调查;a probe into the cause of earthquakes对地震原因的调查;examine with a surgical probe用外科手术探针检查
【例句】The police worked on a probe into a suspected drug deal in Florida. 警察对佛罗里达州的可疑毒品交易进行了调查。
poll /pəʊl/
n.[C]①民意测验②[常pl.]政治选举
【搭配】organise a poll举行投票;be defeated at the poll落选;take a poll 投票表决;nationwide opinion polls 全国民意测验
【例句】According to a recent opinion poll,a majority of college students prefer to take some temporary jobs in their spare time.根据最近的一项民意调查,大多数大学生愿意在课余时间兼职。
questionnaire /ˌkwestʃəˈneə/
n.[C](作统计或调查用的)问卷
【搭配】fll out the questionnaire填写问卷;make the questionnaire制作问卷
【例句】Use a questionnaire to survey attitudes to smoking,please.请使用问卷来调查对吸烟的看法。
diagnosis /ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs/
n.①[U]诊断,确定毛病②[C]诊断书
【搭配】a doctor skilled in diagnosis 诊断准确的医生;diagnosis of lung cancer肺癌的诊断
【例句】An accurate diagnosis was made after a series of tests.准确的诊断是在一系列的检查后做出的。


名师点睛
consider /kənˈsɪdə/
vt.①考虑②认为,把……看作③关心,考虑到
【搭配】consider going abroad考虑出国;consider the feelings of other people顾及他人的感受;consider personal information confdential视个人信息为机密;consider marriage an important part of their lives把婚姻看作一生中的大事
【例句】Business major as he is,he has never considered being a sales promoter.尽管他主修商务,却从未考虑过从事推销员的工作。
deem /di:m/
vt.认为,视为vi.作某种评价,持某种看法
【搭配】deem highly of sb’s behaviour 高度评价某人的行为;deem the results unsatisfactory认为结果令人不满意;deem it inadvisable to do sth 认为做某事不明智
【例句】Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.把瘦当作一种美德。
ponder /ˈpɒndə/
v.思索,考虑,沉思
【搭配】ponder the obvious question思考这个显而易见的问题;ponder how to escape考虑如何逃走;ponder over the incident考虑这个事件
【例句】He spent days pondering the steps to be taken.几天来他一直在思索该采取的步骤。
contemplate /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/
vt.①思量,对……周密考虑②盘算③凝视
【搭配】contemplate the difficult operation对复杂手术作周密考虑;contemplate a change of work考虑换工作;contemplate visiting Beijing打算访问北京
【例句】Don’t do nothing all day but contemplate.不要整日什么都不干而一个劲儿地冥思苦想。
brood /bru:d/
vi.①(on/over/about)沉思,考虑②孵蛋n.[C]①(雏鸡等)一窝②(一个家庭的)所有孩子
【搭配】brood about his decline in popularity考虑他名望的下降;a brood of fgure paintings一组人物画
【例句】He was brooding over his bad luck.他暗自思忖着自己运气不佳。
deliberate /dɪˈlɪbəreɪt/
v.(about/on)仔细考虑,思考
【搭配】deliberate sb’s decision仔细考虑某人的决定;deliberate the question of taxes思考税收问题;deliberate what to do next思考下一步做什么
【例句】I am deliberating whether or not to buy a new car.我在考虑是否要买一辆新汽车。
【链接】deliberation n.考虑,商讨
view /vju:/
vt.考虑,看待,估量
【搭配】view the problem from all angles全面考虑问题;view the US as an arrogant superpower把美国看作是一个傲慢自大的强国
【例句】These people were viewed as their most dangerous rivals.这些人被视为他们最危险的对手。
同义辨析
consider往往只是简单地动动脑子而已;deem常见于法律文件中,强调经过深思熟虑而形成;ponder强调权衡各种可能性,暗示所考虑问题的严重性与困难程度;deliberate指为了就某事(如decision/question)得出结论而将各方面因素进行慎重思考。


名师点睛
imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/
vt.①想象,设想②料想,猜想
【搭配】imagine life without contra-dictions设想没有矛盾的生活;ima-gine sb as a knight把某人想象成武士
【例句】Have you ever imagined study-ing in a foreign university?你曾经想过去一所国外的大学学习吗?
【链接】imaginary a.虚构的
fancy /ˈfænsɪ/
vt.①想象,设想②猜想,以为③想要
【搭配】fancy sb a great general把某人想象成大将军;fancy sitting in the sun想要坐在太阳下;fancy oneself in fairyland自以为在仙境中
【例句】I fancy that at least we will be able to show that life did start to evolve on Mars as well as Earth.我想,至少我们能够证明,火星和地球一样,确实有生命进化的迹象。
conceive /kənˈsi:v/
vt.①(构)想出,认为②怀(胎)vi. ①(of)构想出,设想②怀孕
【搭配】conceive of a plan to do sth 想出做某事的计划;can’t conceive of such a thing happening想不到这种事会发生;conceive prejudices持有偏见
【例句】Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold,while being together suggested warmth and light.过去,人们对独身持否定态度,觉得那种生活沉闷而凄凉;而与家人一起生活意味着温馨快乐。
contrive /kənˈtraɪv/
vt.①设计,想出②谋划
【搭配】contrive a kind of engine设计一种发动机;contrive ways to amuse the children想出逗孩子乐的办法
【例句】We’ve contrived various justifcations that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths.我们编造各式各样的理由,而这些理由其实不过是些半真半假的、带有偏见的或虚构的东西。
formulate/ˈfɔ:mjʊleɪt/
vt.构想出(计划、方法等),规划(制度等)
【搭配】formulate a plan to attack想出攻击的计划;formulate one’s own strategy制定自己的策略
【例句】The government is trying to formulate a new policy on Northern Ireland.政府正力图制定一项针对北爱尔兰的新政策。
suppose /səˈpəz/
vt.①料想,猜想,以为②[用于祈使语句]让,假定③[用于被动语态]期望,认为应该
【搭配】(sth)be supposed to be done 以为(某事)已做;suppose sb to be away from home以为某人不在家;be supposed to have fnished the chemical experiments早该做完化学实验
【例句】To become a competent citizen of the 21st century,we are supposed to have a good command of English and computers.要成为合格的21世纪的公民,我们需要熟练掌握英语和电脑。
assume /əˈsju:m/
vt.①假定,假设②承担,就职③呈现,具有
【搭配】assume sb to be ill假定某人生病;assume the duty/obligation承担责任/义务;assume threatening character具有威胁性
【例句】I assumed this was the way the professional world worked— cordially.我想这就是职场运作的方法——待人热诚。
presume /prɪˈzju:m/
vt.推测,假定;(没有证据地)相信
【搭配】be presumed dead被推定为死亡;presume this(to be)true推测这是真的
【短语】presume on(不正当地)利用
【例句】From the way they talked I presumed them to be married.从他们说话的样子看,我想他们已经结婚了。
【链接】presumably ad.大概,可能;presumption n.假定
speculate /ˈspekjʊleɪt/
vi.①(about/on)推测,推断②做投机买卖vt.推测,判断
【搭配】speculate about the origin of... 推测……的起源;speculate about her friend’s motives猜测她朋友的动机;speculate in stocks做股票投机买卖
【例句】He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.据他推测,如果我们对其他品种仔细观察,可能会发现更多的证据。
【链接】speculation n.①推测②做投机买卖;speculative a.①推测的②试探的③风险性的:speculative investment风险投资
reckon /ˈrekən/
vt.①认为,估计②测算,测量③(on) 指望,盼望
【搭配】reckon sb as a good friend把某人当作好朋友;reckon the cost of the trip估算旅费;reckon on sb’s help指望某人的帮助
【短语】reckon with①估计到,预料到②处理,对付
【例句】Demographers reckon that three-quarters of humanity could be city-dwelling by 2050,with most of the increase coming in the fast-growing towns of Asia and Africa.人口统计学家认为,随着亚洲和非洲城镇数量的迅速增长,到2050年全人类的四分之三都将会住进城市。
visualise/-ize /ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/
vt.想象,设想
【搭配】visualise an angel coming from heaven想象天使从天而降;visualise flying through space想象在太空中飞行
【例句】I remember meeting the man before but I can’t visualise him.我记得以前见过那个人,但他的样子我想不起来了。
envisage /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/
vt.想象,设想
【搭配】envisage one’s bright future 设想自己光明的未来;envisage the consequences of a war想象战争的后果;envisage a world at peace想象世界一片和平
【例句】The scheme costs a lot more than we had originally envisaged.这个计划比我们起初设想的花费多得多。
同义辨析
imagine强调脑子里形象化的印象;conceive指脑子里已想出了一个计划(plan)或主意;assume往往把尚未证实的事作为根据,以检验某种建议;speculate指思考、推理的过程,其得出的结论往往带有假设或推理的意味;reckon指多方面地权衡和考虑。