1.22 Lesson 19
Lesson 19

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单词学习

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名师点睛

confrm /kənˈfɜːm/

vt.①证实,肯定②进一步确定,确认③批准

【搭配】confirm a theory证实一种理论;confirm a rumour证实谣传;confirm sb’s reservation确认某人的预订;confrm him in the belief使他坚信

【例句】The latest research further con-firms that the danger lies less in what a motorist’s hands do when he takes a call than in what the conver-sation does to his brain.最新的研究进一步证实,这种危险主要在于通话内容对司机的大脑所产生的影响,而与手上的动作关系不大。

【链接】confrmation n.证实,确认

affrm /əˈfɜːm/

vt.①证实,确认②断言,坚持声称

【搭配】affrm sb’s judgement确认某人的判断;affrm the statements to be true确认陈述真实

【例句】In war the state affrms its su-preme power over the individuals within its own borders.战争中,国家确认对其境内的个体拥有最高权力。

【链接】affrmative a.肯定的

certify /ˈsɜːtɪfaɪ/

vt.①证实,证明(正确无误)②发证书(或执照)给

【搭配】certify one’s accounts查核账目;be certified(as)correct被证明是正确的;a manufacturer-certified new part厂家认证的新零件

【例句】High grades are supposed to certify academic ability,but John’s ac-tual performance did not confirm this. 高分应是学术水平的证明,但是约翰的实际表现不能证实这一点。

【链接】certifcation n.证明

justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/

vt.证明……正当(或有理),为……辩护

【搭配】justify the action of...证明……行动正当;justifed raise(价格的)合理上涨;justify such rude-ness为如此粗暴行为辩解

【例句】Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?那些实验是否能产生一些足够深刻的见解以证明送人穿过星际空间的花销是值得的?

testify /ˈtestɪfaɪ/

vt.①作证,证明②(to)表明,说明 vi.作证,证明

【搭配】testify in the case在案件中作证;testify on behalf of/for sb为某人作证;testify against sb作不利于某人的证明;testify to her guilt证明她有罪

【例句】Along the way she’s lectured at Harvard,testified before Congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states. 一路过来,她在哈佛大学演讲过,向国会做过证,向40个州的听众发表过演说。

verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/

vt.①证明,证实②核实,查对

【搭配】verify one’s suspicions证实自己的猜疑;verify the existence of the dinosaur证实恐龙的存在;verify the figures of a report核实报告中的数字

【例句】We have verified that he is entitled to the estate.我们已证实他有权利继承那笔遗产。

【链接】verifcation n.确认,查证

warrant /ˈwɒrənt/

vt.证明……正当(或有理);保证

【搭配】warrant a large police pre-sence证明有理由出动大批警察;warrant spending so much money证明有理由花这么多钱;warrant the plants free from disease保证这些植物没病

【例句】The trouble isn’t over yet,I’ll warrant you.麻烦事并没有完,我可以给你打包票。

witness /ˈwɪtnɪs/

vt.①为……作证,证明②目击,注意到

【搭配】witness a will为一份遗嘱作证;witness a terrible accident目睹一起严重的事故

【例句】America has witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly mul-ticultural democracy.美国为获得真正的多元文化民主已经经历了两次伟大战斗。

convict vt./kənˈvɪkt/ n./ˈkɒnvɪkt/

vt.(经审讯)证明……有罪,宣判……有罪n.[C]囚犯

【搭配】be convicted of murder被判犯有谋杀罪

【例句】The jury convicted the de-fendant of manslaughter.陪审团判定被告犯有过失杀人罪。

同义辨析

confrm指给出证据以证实某事(如theory/rumour)不再存有疑问或不确定;certify通常以书面的、正式的形式证实,常跟支票(cheque)搭配;justify指提出一种极有说服力的理由来表明某人做某事(如action/rudeness)是正当的;testify含“在法庭上作证”之义;convict指陪审团或法院宣告某人有罪,常用convict sb of sth结构。

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名师点睛

recognise/-ize /ˈrekəgnaɪz/

vt.①认出,识别②承认③赏识,报偿

【搭配】recognise one’s duty认清自己的职责;recognise a new govern-ment肯定一个新政府;recognise my efforts肯定我付出的努力

【例句】Greggs said it recognised the “continuing challenge for us all”,de-spite having already taken measures to help tackle the issue.格雷格斯说尽管它已经采取了措施以帮助解决问题,但也认识到了“我们所有人都将不断面对的挑战”。

spot /spɒt/

vt.认出,发现

【搭配】spot sb as policeman认出某人是警察;spot a friend in the crowd 在人群中认出朋友

【例句】My father spotted several spelling mistakes in my composition. 我父亲在我的作文里发现了好几处拼写错误。

discern /dɪˈsɜːn/

vt.①看出,察觉出②识别,认出vi. 分清

【搭配】discern the truth弄清真相;discern right and wrong辨别是非;discern the road in the dark在黑暗中认路

【例句】Is it easy to discern between fact and rumour?识别事实与谣传容易吗?

spy /spaɪ/

vt.看见,发现vi.①当间谍②(on)暗中监视(或侦察)n.[C]间谍

【搭配】spy a ship in the distance发现远处有一只船;spy into other people’sactivities窥探别人的活动;spy on/upon one’s neighbours暗中监视邻居

【例句】When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives,we usually think about the Federal agents. 每当我们在担忧谁可能会窥探我们的私生活时,往往会想到联邦密探。

identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

vt.①认出,鉴定②(with)把……等同于vi.(with)认同

【搭配】identify handwriting鉴定笔迹;identify with the main character 与主人公有同感

【例句】Much effort has been spent on identifying students with problems in order to give them more attention before they become failures.为了确认那些有问题的学生以便在他们成为失败者之前给予他们更多关注,人们花费了很多精力。

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名师点睛

show /ʃəʊ/

vt.①表明,证明②显示,出示③带引

【搭配】show one’s ticket出示票;show sb the door叫某人离开,逐出;

【短语】show off(a new car)炫耀(新车);show up(the defciencies)①暴露(不足)②来到,露面

【例句】When it comes to boys in par-ticular,the data show that single-sex education is distinctly unhelpful for them.特别是对男生进行研究时,数据显示单一性别教育很明显对他们没有什么帮助。

parade /pəˈreɪd/

v.(使)列队行进,(使)游行n.[C]游行,检阅

【搭配】parade the troops使军队列队前进;take part in a parade参加游行

【例句】The Olympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing teams.奥运会以参赛各队运动员的列队行进开始。

reveal /rɪˈvi:l/

vt.展现,显示

【搭配】reveal sb’s identity揭示某人的身份;reveal a talent for music展现音乐天赋;reveal the end of the flm揭示电影的结尾

【例句】Their work is already start-ing to reveal how the“Obama effect” is changing people’s views and beha-viour.他们的成果已经显示出“奥巴马效应”是如何改变人们的见解和行为的。

indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

vt.标示,指示;指出

【搭配】indicate the direction指示方向;indicate a difference between... 指出……间的区别

【例句】A simple and consistent set of endings indicates grammatical func-tions of words.一组简单一致的词尾表明诸单词的语法功能。

manifest /ˈmænɪfest/

vt.①显示,证明②使显现,使显露

【搭配】manifest no desire to do sth 表示不想做某事;manifest a disre-gard for safety表明忽视安全;mani-fest the truth of the story证明故事的真实性

【例句】His illness frst manifested it-self as severe stomach pains and head-aches.他所患疾病的初期症状是严重的胃痛和头痛。

demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/

vt.①显示②演示③论证vi.举行示威游行(或集会)

【搭配】demonstrate a proposition证明一个命题;demonstrate affection by hugging拥抱以示喜爱;demon-strate one’s anger/excitement发怒/激动;demonstrate negotiation skills展示谈判技巧

【例句】Drugs are approved only after tests have demonstrated that they are relatively safe when used as directed, and when their benefts outweigh their risks.只有测试表明药品在按说明使用时相对安全,且利大于弊,药品才能得到批准。

illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/

vt.①说明,阐明②给……作插图说明

【搭配】illustrate the point by fact用事实阐明观点;a beautifully illus-trated magazine有精美插图说明的杂志

【例句】The teacher illustrated the his-tory lesson with pictures of castles.教师利用城堡图片讲解历史课。

【链接】illustration n.①说明,例证②图解,插图

exemplify /ɪgˈzemplɪfaɪ/

vt.①例示,举例证明②是(或作为)……的典型(或榜样)

【搭配】exemplify the film director’s style是影片导演风格的典型;ex-emplify 19th century life展现19世纪的生活风貌

【例句】In this dictionary we often exemplify the use of a word.在这本词典里我们经常举例说明词的用法。

【链接】exemplary a.①用作模范的,可作楷模的②用作警戒的:ex-emplary behaviour典范行为;exem-plary punishment警戒性的惩罚

同义辨析

show强调使人或物(如ticket)置于人的视力范围内以便被人看见;reveal通常指无意地使人知道或提供事物的某些迹象;illustrate指用图表、例子或实物等解释清楚(如point);exemplify指通过举例(如an argument)加以说明。

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名师点睛

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array /əˈreɪ/

n.①[C]展示,陈列;一系列②[C]排列,队形③[C,U]盛装④[C]阵列

【搭配】the array of fine china精美瓷器的展示;a complex array of eco-nomic problems一系列复杂的经济问题;in full battle array严阵以待;put on her finest array穿上她最漂亮的衣服

【例句】Anyone who has reached a certain age is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. 任何达到一定年龄的人都会在几乎所有的商业活动中自然地享有一系列种类繁多的打折优惠。

demonstration /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃən/

n.①[C]表示,表现②[C]集会或游行③[C,U]证明,论证

【搭配】a demonstration of joy欣喜的表露;watch a cookery demonstration 观看烹饪示范;teach by demonstration 示范教学

【例句】The teacher gave a demon-stration of the law of gravity.老师论证了引力定律。

re ection /rɪˈflekʃən/

n.①[C,U]反映,表达②[C]倒影③[sing.]批评④[C,U]深思

【搭配】a re ection of economy/reality 对经济/现实的反映;re ection on the current situation对当前形势的批评;do sth without suffcient re ection未经深思做某事

【例句】Most education systems ne-glect exploration,understanding and reflection.大多数教育体系忽略钻研、理解和反思。

【链接】reflect vt.①反射②反映vi. 沉思:re ect on... 反思……

reaction /rɪˈækʃən/

n.①[C,U]反应,反作用②[U](against)反动,对抗

【搭配】reaction to a joke对玩笑的反应;one’s reaction to a tragic accident对不幸事故的反应

【例句】But were these reactions actu-ally translated into better dental hy-giene practices? 但是这些反应确实能转化为更好的口腔卫生习惯吗?

【链接】reactionary n.反动分子,反对政治(或社会)变革者a.反动的:a reactionary attitude/government 反动的态度/政府

response /rɪˈspɒns/

n.①[C, U]反应,响应②[C]回答,答复

【搭配】no response to one’s letter 没有回信;no response to our call for help对我们的求援没有反应;the instantaneous response即时的反应;in response作为回应;trigger a response产生反应

【短语】in response to(condition)作为对(条件)的反应

【例句】Fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us— the so-called fght-or- ight response.恐惧开始于身体系统对可能的伤害作出的反应——就是所谓的或战或逃反应。

【链接】respondent n.①回答问题的人②被告

echo /ˈekəʊ/

n.[C, pl.~es]①回声②模仿的事物 vt.①传回(回声)②模仿,重复vi. ①(地方)产生回声②(声音)回响

【搭配】the echoes of Shakespeare in his work他的作品中模仿莎士比亚的地方;echo each other相互呼应;(hills)echo(ed)to the sound of his laughter(山中)回响着他的笑声;(footsteps)echo(ed)in the empty hall 脚步声(在空荡的大厅里)产生回声

【例句】Wilbur Ross Jr.has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Ameri-cans.小威尔伯·罗斯回应了朱克曼对美国中产阶层面临的严峻斗争的愤怒。

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名师点睛

feedback /ˈfi:dbæk/

n.[U]反馈,反馈信息

【搭配】feedback on the new curricu-lum对新课程的反馈;feedback on the proposals对建议的反馈意见

【例句】There’s been a lot of positive feedback on this phenomenon.对这一现象有许多正面反馈。

presentation /ˌprezənˈteɪʃən/

n.①[U]提供,显示②[U]外观③[C,U]授予④[C]报告⑤[C,U]表演

【搭配】give presentation of...对……作陈述;be payable on presentation一出示就应付款

【例句】Another presentation on the same topic is scheduled for the same time next Monday.有关同一话题的另一个讲座定在了下周一的同一时间。

exposure /ɪkˈspəʒə/

n.①[C,U]暴露,显露②[C,U]揭发,揭露③[C]曝光

【搭配】public exposure of the plot公开揭露阴谋;media exposure of crime媒体对犯罪的曝光;a house with a southern exposure朝南的房子;long exposure to the sun长期在太阳下暴晒

【例句】A 2004 report in the journal Pediatrics explained that nervous parents have more to fear from fire, car accidents and drowning than from toxic chemical exposure.《儿科学》杂志上的一份2004年的报告解释说,紧张的家长们更应该担心的是火灾、车祸和溺水,而不是接触有毒化学物质。

revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃən/

n.①[U]揭示,透露,显示②[C](惊人的)新发现

【搭配】revelations about her past泄露她过去的情况;the revelation of sb’s hiding place透露某人的藏身之地;make a startling revelation探索出了惊人的新发现;a process of revelation一个启示过程

【例句】It was a revelation to him when she said she had married him only for his money.当她说她只是为了钱才嫁给他时,他感到非常惊讶。

exposition

/ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

n.①[C,U]阐述,讲解②[C]展览会,博览会

【搭配】an international exposition国际展览会;an agricultural/industrial exposition农业/工业展览会

【例句】This is a clear exposition of the theory of evolution.这是对进化论的明确阐述。