Lesson 17


单词学习

名师点睛
subordinate a.&n./səˈbɔ:dɪnət/ v./səˈbɔ:dɪneɪt/
a.①(to)次要的②级别低的n.[C]部属vt.(to)把……列为下级
【搭配】subordinate officers下级官员;hold a subordinate position居于次要地位;treat his subordinates very badly对他的部下很不好;subordi-nate her life to her husband使她的生活服从于她的丈夫
【例句】Just because I’m subordinate to him,my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.仅仅因为我是他的下属,老板就自认为他可以对我毫不尊重,随意使唤我。
secondary /ˈsekəndərɪ/
a.①次要的②辅助的③(教育、学校等)中等的
【搭配】a secondary cause次要原因;secondary organs附属机构;secondary education中等教育
【例句】Competition is secondary to friendship.友谊第一,比赛第二。
minor /ˈmaɪnə/
a.①次要的②较小(少)的n.[C]①未成年人②副修科目vi.(in)(大学中)副修
【搭配】a minor operation一个小手术;play a minor role扮演次要角色;a relatively minor consideration相对次要的考虑
【例句】It does erupt frequently,but those eruptions are usually minor, so the overall risk for people living nearby is relatively small.它确实频繁喷发,但那些喷发规模通常很小,所以对居住在附近的人们的总体危险相对较小。
inferior /ɪnˈfɪərɪə/
a.①劣等的,次的②下级的n.[C]下级,下属
【搭配】(goods)be inferior in quality(商品)质量差;be inferior in social position社会地位低
【例句】American furniture and house-hold objects had been considered inferior to those from Europe.美国的家具和家用产品向来被认为劣于欧洲。
negligible /ˈneglɪdʒɪbəl/
a.可忽略不计的,微不足道的
【搭配】a negligible amount微不足道的数量;(the damage to a car)be negligible(汽车的损坏)不严重
【例句】The disadvantages become negligible when compared with their advantages.和它的有利条件相比,这些不利条件可以忽略。
trivial /ˈtrɪvɪəl/
a.琐碎的,不重要的
【搭配】trivial mistakes in grammar小的语法错误;a trivial person不重要的人
【例句】The manager tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that would be settled later.经理试图把这些琐碎的细节问题放到一边,待以后再处理。
humble /ˈhʌmbəl/
a.①地位(身份)低下的②谦逊的③简陋的
【搭配】the humble birth/origin卑微的出身;a humble smile谦恭的微笑;in my humble opinion依我的愚见
【例句】Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.知识使人谦虚,无知使人骄傲。
slight /slaɪt/
a.①轻微的,不足道的②纤细的,瘦弱的vt.轻视,藐视n.[C]轻视,藐视
【搭配】a slight change in the plan计划略有改动;a slight matter小事;one’s slight frame纤弱的身躯
【例句】Mr Paul was highly respected because he slighted no one.保罗先生非常受人尊敬,因为他不轻视任何人。
minimal /ˈmɪnɪməl/
a.最小的,最低程度的
【搭配】at minimal cost以最小的开销;do only minimal damage只造成轻微损坏;have minimal effect on bio-diversity对生物多样性造成最小的影响
【例句】Her clothing was minimal.她穿得少得不能再少了。
marginal /ˈma:dʒɪnəl/
a.①微小的,少量的,不重要的②仅以微弱票数获胜的③有旁注的
【搭配】have a marginal effect on... 对……作用微小;a matter of marginal importance不重要的事情;marginal notes旁注
【例句】Natural gas led to only mar-ginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions.使用天然气对降低污染和温室效应气体排放量的作用非常有限。
miniature /ˈmɪnɪtʃə/
a.小型的,微小的n.[C]①缩影②微型画
【搭配】a miniature camera微型照相机;a miniature of the Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔的模型
【短语】in miniature小规模,小型
【例句】The little girl has miniature furniture for her dolls.小女孩还有供洋娃娃用的迷你家具。
petty /ˈpetɪ/
a.①小的,琐碎的,不重要的②心胸狭窄的
【搭配】petty expenses杂费;a petty government official一位不重要的政府官员
【例句】A gossip has a petty mind.嚼舌者往往心胸狭窄。
associate a.&n./əˈsəʃɪɪt/ v./əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt/
a.副的n.[C]同事,合伙人vt.使联合,使有联系vi.(with)结交,交往
【搭配】an associate professor一位副教授;a business associate一位商务伙伴
【例句】One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes,including—most promis-ingly—good health.类似的书籍中常常提到的一点是快乐与各种美好的生活结果相关,包括——最有可能的是——身体健康。
【链接】association n.联系;伙伴关系;协会
同义辨析
secondary指低于原有的或起主导作用的事物(如cause/organ);minor强调和其他事物相比较显得不重要;inferior表示地位(position)或等级低的,质量(quality)上差或次的;trivial有时指容易处理的不重要的事(detail/matter);marginal表示用处(effect)、价值、重要性(importance)不大的。


名师点睛
priority /praɪˈɒrɪtɪ/
n.①[U]优先(权),重点②[C]优先考虑的事
【搭配】give the problem priority优先考虑此问题;take priority for medical attention优先考虑医疗护理
【例句】The economic needs of the elderly deserve priority over those of others.老年人的经济需要应该优先于其他群体的经济需要。
superiority /su:ˌpɪərɪˈɒrɪtɪ/
n.[U]优越(性),优等
【搭配】sense of superiority优越感;the superiority over the enemy troops对敌军的优势;the superiority of the new method over the old one新方法比老方法的优越之处
【例句】There is no doubt that the su-periority of these goods to the others is easy to see.毫无疑问,与其他货物相比,这些货物的优越性显而易见。
authority /ɔ:ˈθɒrɪtɪ/
n.①[U]权力,管辖权②[pl.]官方③[C]行政管理机构④[C]权威,专家
【搭配】abuse one’s authority滥用权力;under the authority of...在……支配之下;have no respect for authority 不尊重权威
【例句】On whose authority did you enter my house?谁允许你进入我的房子?
privilege /ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ/
n.[C]①特权,优惠②荣幸
【搭配】exclusive privileges独有的特权;withdraw sb’s privileges取消某人的特权;grant sb a privilege of doing sth授予某人做某事的特权
【例句】It is a great privilege to know you.认识你真是莫大的荣幸。
【链接】privileged a.①有特权的②荣幸的,幸运的③(信息)特许秘密的:be privileged to do sth荣幸做某事
ownership /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/
n.[U]所有(权),所有制
【搭配】private ownership of land土地的私有制;a dispute over owner-ship关于所有权的争论
【例句】The ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth cen-tury as it was in the nineteenth.20世纪的人们对拥有自己的家庭的向往仍像19世纪时那样强烈。
patent /ˈpeɪtnt/
n.[C,U]专利,专利权a.受专利保护的
【搭配】sole rights to a patent独享的专利权;take out a product patent取得产品专利
【例句】The designer has applied for a patent for his new invention.设计师已为他的新发明申请了专利。
同义辨析
priority指时间上的在前、在先;privilege指作为一种恩惠或特许所给予的特殊权利或属于某人的独有权利。


名师点睛
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/
n.[U]智力,智慧,理解力
【搭配】artificial intelligence人工智能;an intelligence test智力测验;a man of poor intelligence智力差的人
【例句】He had the intelligence to put the fre out with a fre extinguisher.他机灵地用灭火器把火扑灭了。
intellect /ˈɪntɪlekt/
n.①[C,U]智力,理解力②[C]才智非凡的人
【搭配】a woman of superior intellect 一位聪颖过人的妇人;be in uenced by one’s intellect被某人的智力所影响
【例句】They were both intellects whose work was widely respected.他们俩才华出众,他们的工作深受大家的尊敬。
【链接】intellectual a.智力的;理解力强的
wit /wɪt/
n.①[常pl.]智力,才智②[U]风趣,妙语
【搭配】have/keep one’s wits about sth对某事保持机警;conversation sparkling with wit妙语连珠的交谈
【短语】at one’s wits’end智穷计尽
【例句】A fall into a pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。
nerve /nʒːv/
n.①[U]勇气,胆量②[C]神经
【搭配】lose one’s nerve失去勇气;optic nerves视觉神经
【短语】get on sb’s nerves惹得某人心烦
【例句】It takes nerve to be a racing driver.当赛车手需要胆量。


名师点睛
proof /pu:ːf/
n.①[C,U]证据,证明②[C]校样,样张a.能防……的
【搭配】produce definite proof提出确凿的证据;get scientific proof得到科学的证据;be proof against any temptation不受任何诱惑
【例句】There’s never been definitive proof that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference.还没有能够证明强光疗法有疗效的确凿证据。
fact /fækt/
n.[C]事实,真相
【搭配】alter the fact歪曲事实
【短语】in fact实际上,其实;as a matter of fact事实上,其实
【例句】There is no denying the fact that most students have scorn for those who cheat in exams,which is a dishonest act.毫无疑问,绝大多数学生鄙视那些考试时作弊的人。
evidence ˈevɪəəns/
n.[U]证据,根据,迹象
【搭配】destroy the evidence of sb’s guilt 破坏某人的罪证;give no evidence of...没有……的迹象;convincing evi-dence能说服人的证据
【短语】in evidence可看见的,明显的,显眼的
【例句】You don’t have to look far to fnd evidence of stereotyping and sex discrimination in single-sex schools. 你很容易就能在单一性别学校中找到偏见和性别歧视的证据。
witness ˈwɪtnɪs/
n.①[C,U]证据,证词②[C]目击者,见证人
【搭配】give witness on behalf of the accused person为被告作证;the chief witness for the defendant被告的主要证人;appeal for witness to come forward呼吁目击者挺身而出
【例句】The witness was told that un-der no circumstances should he lie to the court.证人被告知,无论在任何情况下都不应该说谎。
testimony ˈtestɪmənɪ/
n.[C,U]①证词②见证,证明
【搭配】be accused of false testimony被指控作伪证;give testimony in court在法庭上作证;bear testimony to...为……作证;a testimony to the widespread assumption证实了普遍的假设
【例句】His hearty laughter is testimony of his happiness.他发自内心的大笑证明他很幸福。
同义辨析
proof指足够说明真实情况的证据;evidence指包括人的证词、书面的证据材料以及物证(the evidence of guilt罪证)等;testimony通常指在法庭上的证人的证词(testimony in court)。