Lesson 15


单词学习

名师点睛
capable /ˈkeɪpebə1/
a.①有能力的,有技能的②能……的,有……可能的
【搭配】the most capable general最有能力的将军
【例句】The new design is capable of improvement.新设计还有改进的余地。
【链接】incapable a.无能力的,不能的
effcient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
a.效率高的;有能力的
【搭配】be effcient at one’s job工作高效;an effcient manager有能力的经理;be provided with effcient edu-cation提供有效的教育
【例句】Thanks to the absence of ef-fcient distribution system,the hungry remained empty-stomach.由于缺乏高效的配送系统,饥饿问题并未得到解决。
profcient /preˈfɪʃənt/
a.熟练的,精通的
【搭配】a very profcient typist非常熟练的打字员;become profcient at survival skill精通生存技巧;be profcient in/at(doing)sth精于(做)某事
【例句】Students in the project were asked how profcient they thought they were in maths and science.参与这个项目的学生被问及了在做数学和科学题目时的熟练程度。
adequate /ˈædɪkwɪt/
a.胜任的,适当的
【搭配】be adequate to the job能胜任这项工作;seek for adequate expres-sion寻找适当的表达方式;do some adequate research作一些适当的调查
【例句】The most important starting point for improving the understanding of science is undoubtedly an adequate scientifc education at school.提高对科学的理解最重要的起点毫无疑问就是足够的学校科学教育。
【链接】inadequate a.①不胜任的②不充分的,不足的
competent /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/
a.有能力的,能胜任的
【搭配】be competent for/in one’s work胜任自己的工作;be competent to do sth有能力做某事;a competent doctor一名称职的医生
【例句】Contemporary college stu-dents are expected to acquire extensive knowledge so as to qualify themselves as competent citizens of the 21st cen-tury.当代大学生应该掌握广博的知识,使自己成为21世纪具有竞争力的合格公民。
eligible /ˈelɪdʒɪbəl/
a.①有条件被选中的,有恰当资格的②合意的
【搭配】be eligible for a position有资格担当某职;be eligible to join the club有资格加入俱乐部
【例句】The frst wave of the 76 mil-lion Baby Boomers will become eligi-ble for Medicare.第一拨7,600万婴儿潮出生的人将成为医疗保险的服务对象。
versaeile /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/
a.①多才多艺的②多功能的,万用的
【搭配】a versatile pupil多才多艺的学生
【例句】This is an extremely versatile new kitchen machine.这是一种多功能的新型厨房机械。
同义辨析
capable指人或物均可,指潜在的或能达到的能力;efficient指人(如manager)办事能力强,表示物时表示能产生结果;profcient指精于技艺、科学等;competent强调对某项工作(work)有足够的技能或条件。


名师点睛
sophisticated /seˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/
a.①精通的,老练的②高雅的,有教养的
【搭配】a sophisticated man一个老于世故的男人;a sophisticated columnist 老练的专栏作家
【例句】Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels.时尚神话让女士们以为自己穿上高跟鞋会更漂亮、更高雅。
skil(l)ful /ˈskɪlfəl/
a.灵巧的,娴熟的
【搭配】a skillful mechanic娴熟的技工;be skilful at handicraft擅长手工艺;be skilful in reading and writing善于读写
【例句】MBAs often know how to analyse systems but are not so skilful at motivating people.工商管理学硕士们通常知道如何分析系统,但不善于激励别人。
【反义】awkward a.①笨拙的②尴尬的;clumsy a.笨拙的
creative /krɪˈeɪtɪv/
a.创造(性)的,有创造力的
【搭配】creative power创造力,创作力;creative talent创新才能;creative spirit创新精神
【例句】It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation,rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense. 对我而言,与其说创造式的写作是普通意义上的创造力,倒不如说它是一个启示过程。
【链接】creativity n.创造力,创造性
productive /preˈdʌktɪv/
a.①多产的,富饶的②富有成效的
【搭配】productive soil肥沃的土地;a very productive writer多产的作家
【例句】The learning paradox is at the heart of“productive failure”,a phenomenon identified by researcher Manu Kapur.学习悖论是“有价值的失败”的核心,(有价值的失败)这种现象是由研究者马努·卡普尔提出的。
fruitful /ˈfru:tfəl/
a.多产的,富有成效的
【搭配】a fruitful author of fction多产的小说作家;have a fruitful career 事业上很成功
【例句】It was a fruitful meeting;we made three important decisions.这是一次卓有成效的会议,我们作出了三项重大决定。
promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/
a.有希望的,有前途的
【搭配】in a promising state/way有希望的国家/道路;a promising experi-ment有希望的实验;a promising young man有前途的青年
【例句】One of the most promising schemes has been tried in Florida.在佛罗里达实施了一套最有希望行之有效的方案。


名师点睛
ability /eˈbɪlɪtɪ/
n.[C,U]①能力,本领②才能,才智
【搭配】cultivate/develop the ability of...培养/发展……能力;display/demonstrate the ability of...展示……的能力;lower reproductive ability降低繁殖能力
【短语】to the best of one’s ability尽自己最大努力
【例句】The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job.学校拿到了钱,但是学生毕业后背着贷款、没有文凭也没有能力找到更好的工作。
【链接】inability n.无能
capacity /keˈpæsɪtɪ/
n.①[C,U]才能②[U]容量③[C]身份,职位
【搭配】mobile telecommunications capacity移动通信容量;draw out the child’s potential capacities发掘孩子的潜能;develop the student’s reasoning capacity培养学生的推理能力
【例句】By offering her the ability to work from home,we have doubled her capacity.通过允许她在家办公,我们把她的工作能力提高了一倍。
capability /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪtɪ/
n.①[U]能做某事的素质,能力②[pl.]尚未发挥的天资(或素质)
【搭配】the capability of man’s senses人类感观能力;have great capability as a singer极有当歌手的素质
【例句】Human beings need intensive, intimate care to develop their intellec-tual,emotional,and moral capabilities. 人类需要深厚而亲密的关爱,以使自己在智商、情商和道德方面的能力得到发展。
competence /ˈkɒmpɪtens/
n.[U]能力,胜任,称职
【搭配】beyond sb’s competence超出某人的能力;improve one’s profes-sional competence提高专业能力;have competence in this language在这种语言上有竞争力
【例句】If you are jealous of others’ competence,it just indicates your in-competence.(Herzen)妒忌别人的才能,也许正好说明自己的无能。(赫尔岑)
【链接】incompetence n.不胜任,不称职
effciency /ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ/
n.[U]效率,效能,功效
【搭配】cut down/decrease/lower ef-ficiency降低效率;enhance/raise/promote/increase efficiency many times效率提高多倍;have more eff-ciency in management使管理效率更高;the effciency of medicine药效
【例句】That staff can do this without needing a fxed telephone line provides even more effciency savings.雇员不需要固定电话线就能够做到,这一点能从效率上节省更多开支。
talent /ˈtælent/
n.①[C,U]才能,天资②[U]人才
【搭配】have no talent for tennis没有打网球的天赋;cultivate/appreciate sb’s talent培养/赏识某人的才能
【例句】They are endowed with high artistic talents.他们具有极高的艺术天分。
【链接】talented a.有才能的:lose tal-ented scientists流失有才能的科学家
potential /peˈtenʃəl/
n.[U]潜力,潜能a.潜在的,可能的
【搭配】a player with a great potential 非常有潜力的选手;tap the potential of production挖掘生产潜力
【例句】Many water scooter opera-tors are inexperienced and ignorant of navigational rules,which increase the potential for accidents.许多摩托艇驾驶者毫无经验,对航行规则知之甚少,这也增加了事故发生的可能性。
resource /rˈɔ:ːs/
n.①[U]谋略,应付办法②[pl.]资源,财力③[pl.]给予人帮助的事物
【搭配】fnite resources有限的资源;a man of great resource足智多谋的人;utilise/exploit mineral resources利用/开发矿产资源
【例句】Staff can have access to all the resources they have in the offce wherever they have an Internet connection.雇员在任何可以联网的地方都可以获得和在办公室里获得的完全一样的资源。
【链接】resourceful a.机敏的,足智多谋的:a resourceful old man一个睿智的老人
faculty ˈfæəeltɪ/
n.①[C]能力,技能,天赋②[C]系,学科,学院③[C,U]全体教员
【搭配】the faculty of medicine医学系;lose his faculty of memory失去他的记忆力;lack the faculty of ma-nagement缺乏管理才能
【例句】A lot of the faculty teaching business are bad news themselves.很多教授商务课程的教师本身就有问题。
productivity /ˌprɒdʌˈtɪvɪtɪ
n.[U]生产力,生产率
【搭配】labour productivity劳动生产率;slower growth productivity产量增长变慢;double the productivity of the factory使工厂生产率翻番;work at maximum productivity以最高的效率工作
【例句】The main motivation behind adopting home working was to increase my own productivity,as a single mum to an 11-year-old.我是一个11岁孩子的单亲母亲,采取在家工作这种方式的主要动机是为了提高我自己的工作效率。
wisdom ˈwɪzdem/
n.[U]①明智,正确的判断②智慧,学问
【搭配】doubt sb’s wisdom怀疑某人的正确判断;seek wisdom探求学问
【例句】Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried.有关冲突的传统看法似乎过于老生常谈。
同义辨析
capacity指容纳和吸收的能力,可用于人和物;capability指人的特殊的胜任能力;talent强调天生的才能,尤其是在艺术(如music)方面,也意味着是经过培养的才能;resource意味“谋略”;faculty指运用知识和经验作出正确的决定和判断的能力,如faculty of management(管理能力)。


名师点睛
advisable /edˈvaɪzebəl/
a.适当的,可取的,明智的
【用法】It is advisable that sb(should) do sth...某人做某事是明智的……
【例句】It is advisable to have a map when travelling.旅行时带张地图是明智的。
appropriate a./əˈprəʊprɪ-ɪt/ vt./əˈprəʊprɪeɪt/
a.适当的vt.①私占②拨出(款项等)供专用
【搭配】choose the appropriate words选择适当的词;be appropriate to/for occasion适合时机;appropriate pub-lic money to oneself挪用公款
【例句】The city will appropriate funds for the new airport.该市将拨款建造新机场。
【链接】appropriately ad.适当地,恰当地;inappropriate a.不适当的: inappropriate order不合适的指示;appropriation n.①擅用,挪用,窃用②拨款:make an appropriation of £20,000 for payment of debts挪用20,000英镑还债
acceptable /əkˈseptəbəl/
a.①值得接受的②可容忍的
【搭配】an acceptable risk可承受的风险;an acceptable ratio of inflation可接受的通货膨胀率;socially accept-able behaviour能被社会接受的行为
【例句】The practise is acceptable be-cause of the widespread belief that“el-derly”and“needy”are synonymous.这种惯例被普遍接受,是因为人们普遍认为“年老”是“贫穷”的代名词。
apt /æpt/
a.①恰当的,适宜的②易于的,有(做某事)倾向的
【搭配】be apt to take rash actions易于草率行事;make an apt remark about sth对某事做恰当的评论
【例句】Shoes of this kind are apt to slip on wet ground.穿这种鞋在潮湿的地板上很容易滑倒。
ftting /ˈfɪtɪŋ/
a.适合的,恰当的
【搭配】find the fitting words找到恰当的语句;a ftting evening for a dance 适于跳舞的夜晚;a fitting tribute to the soldiers对战士的恰当赞扬
【例句】It is ftting that you should re-turn his visit.你去回访他是适当的。
sensible /ˈsensɪbəl/
a.明智的,合情理的
【搭配】a sensible choice明智的抉择;a sensible reduction in price合理的减价
【例句】Even sensible men do absurd things sometimes.即使是明智的人有时也会做些荒唐事。
【链接】insensible a.无知觉的
timely /ˈtaɪmlɪ/
a.适时的,及时的
【搭配】the timely arrival/loan及时的到达/贷款;give sb some timely advice给某人一些及时的建议
【例句】It goes without saying that timely participation in social practise will beneft college students all through their life.不言而喻,适时的参加社会实践会使大学生们受益终身。
同义辨析
appropriate较正式,表示适合于某种需要或某种场合(如example/occasion);apt强调恰到好处;sensible意味着自然的、合情合理的结果;timely指正好在适当的或有利的时间发生的,如timely arrival。