Lesson 14

单词学习

名师点睛

ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə/

vt.保证，担保，确保

【搭配】ensure success/supplies确保成功/供应；ensure sea turtles’survival 保证海龟的生存；ensure sb against/from danger保护某人免受危险

【例句】Laws have been written to govern the use of the American National Flag and to ensure proper respect for the flag.美国制定了法律来规范国旗的使用和确保国旗受到应有的尊重。

assure /eˈʃʊə/

vt.①确保，保证给②使确信，使放心

【搭配】assure us of the safety of a particular product向我们保证某一产品的安全性能

【例句】He assured his friend that un-der no circumstances would he break his promise to return the money.他向朋友保证，在任何条件下都不会违背还钱的承诺。

【链接】assured a.自信的：make you more（self-）assured让你更加自信

reassure /ˌri:əˈʃʊə/

vt.使放心

【搭配】reassure the sick man about his health使病人对他自己的健康状况放心；feel reassured after taking medicine服药后感到放心

【例句】Regardless，all these complex measures had the same psychological purpose：to reassure people that the free fall would stop.不管怎样，所有这些复杂的措施都有一个共同的心理目的：让人们相信一落千丈的经济形势会停止。

【链接】reassurance n.①放心，安心②确信

guarantee /ˌgærenˈti:/

vt.保证，担保n.[C]保证，保证书

【搭配】guarantee to meet the demands of...保证满足……的需求；the gua-ranteed delivery within 3 days保证3天内交货；have a two-year guarantee有两年的保修期

【例句】This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients，if they are poor， have a right to the most modern treat-ment.此联盟确保所有贫穷的麻风病患者享有接受最先进的治疗的权利。

mortgage /ˈmɔ:gɪdʒ/

vt.抵押n.[C]抵押，抵押借款

【搭配】mortgage oneself to the cause献身于事业；mortgage a room for £5，000将房子以5，000英镑作了抵押；repay one’s mortgage in installment 分期偿还抵押借款

【例句】The bank refused to accept any mortgage on land.银行拒绝接受任何土地抵押。

swear /sweə/

vi.①宣誓，发誓②诅咒，咒骂vt. ①发誓②使发誓

【搭配】swear to speak the truth发誓说实话；swear a person to secrecy使某人发誓保守秘密

【短语】swear by（sth）极其信赖（某事）；be sworn in（to offce）宣誓（就职）；swear off保证戒掉，放弃

【例句】Before giving evidence you have to swear an oath.在作证之前你必须宣誓。

同义辨析ensure指使某种行为或作用获得客观结果（如success/supplies）；guarantee指对某事（如delivery/free the captives）的必然结果进行担保；assure以劝导或承诺等方式向对方保证并使对方相信（如safety）；swear指庄严起誓使某人誓守秘密。

名师点睛

confdence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/

n.[U]①信任②信心，自信

【搭配】put confidence on sb信任某人；lack confidence in oneself缺乏自信；rock the confidence of...动摇了……的信心

【短语】in confidence私下地，秘密地；take（sb）into one’s confdence把（某人）作为知己

【例句】You’ll project more confdence when networking and talking with po-tential employers.你在建立人际网和与潜在雇主交谈时，可以表现得更加自信。

assurance /eˈʃʊərens/

n.①[U]把握，信心②[C]表示保证（或鼓励、安慰）的话③[U]（人寿）保险

【搭配】with assurance有把握地，自信地；shake sb’s assurance动摇某人的信心；have full assurance of...完全相信……

【例句】The manager gave her his as-surance that her complaint would be investigated.经理向她保证，会对她的投诉予以调查。

insurance /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/

n.[U]保险，保险费

【搭配】insurance against...……的保险（金）；hospitalisation/life insurance 医保/人寿保险

【例句】Richard Gott hopes man will set up a self-suffcient colony on Mars， which would be a“life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes， natural or otherwise，might occur on Earth”.理查德·戈特希望人类在火星上建立一个自给自足的移民聚居地，它将成为一个“生命保险单，以预防地球上可能发生的任何灾难，无论是自然灾难还是其他灾难”。

certaitty /ˈsɜːtntɪ/

n.①[U]确信，确实②[C]必然的事，确定的事实

【搭配】in the certainty that...确信……；know sth with certainty确实知道某事；for/to a certainty毫无疑问，必定

【例句】On the field of battle there are no certainties.战场上没有绝对的事。

pledge /pledʒ/

n.[C]保证，誓言vt.保证，许诺

【搭配】make a pledge发誓，宣誓；be under pledge of secrecy誓不泄密；pledge one’s honour以名誉作担保

【例句】The cheque，which he pledged last week，could be for as much as$5 million.他上周承诺的这张支票可能高达500万美元。

vow /vaʊ/

n.[C]誓言vt.起誓

【搭配】break one’s marriage vows背弃婚姻誓约；make/take a vow发誓；vow never to speak to him发誓不再和他说话；vow eternal friendship立誓要友谊长存

【例句】We vowed when we started over，we’d replace only what we needed. 我们发誓重新开始时，只替换我们需要的。

guarantee /ˌgærənˈti:/

n.[C]保证，保证书

【搭配】stand guarantee for sb为某人担当保证人；offer one’s house as a guarantee提供房屋作担保

【例句】Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child.发达国家里只有两个国家没有为照顾新生婴儿的带薪假提供保障。

conviction /kenˈvɪkʃən/

n.[C，U]①确信，坚定的信仰②说服③判罪

【搭配】in the full conviction that...充分相信……；carry little conviction 没有说服力；shake the conviction动摇信心

【例句】His argument has brought conviction to many waverers.他的论点使许多犹豫不决的人信服。

同义辨析

confidence指在有证据的基础上相信；assurance则表现出强烈的对自我能力的信任；guarantee指为确保目标的实现作担保的人或物品；conviction常含有某人从怀疑变成信服的过程的意思。

名师点睛

ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/

n.①[C，U]抱负，野心②[C]期望得到的东西

【搭配】burn with an ambition野心勃勃；ambition for world conquest征服世界的野心；have an ambition to be a headmaster有当校长的抱负

【例句】The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment.我们把这种野心强加在孩子身上，可能会让一些孩子考进哈佛，也可能会把孩子们推向失望的绝谷。

faith /feɪθ/

n.①[U]信任，信心②[C，U]信仰，信条

【搭配】break one’s faith with sb对某人不守信；have faith in sb’s remarks相信某人的话；pledge one’s faith to the new king宣誓效忠于新国王

【短语】in good faith真诚，善意

【例句】Only a person who has faith in himself is able to be faithful to others.只有自信的人才会守信于他人。

【链接】faithful a.忠诚的，忠实的

belief /bɪˈli:f/

n.①[U]相信，信任②[C，U]信念，信仰

【搭配】alter one’s belief改变信仰；discard old beliefs抛弃旧信念；have belief in（sb/sth）相信，信任（某人/某物）；examine their beliefs about work 审视他们对工作的信念

【短语】beyond belief难以置信

【例句】I have a firm belief that（=I am firm in my belief that）education will change a person’s fate.我坚信教育会改变一个人的命运。

loyalty /ˈlɔɪəltɪ/

n.[U]忠诚，忠心

【搭配】place a high value on corpo-rate loyalty很重视对公司的忠诚

【例句】They’d get a dinner featuring speeches by their bosses praising their loyalty.他们会得到专为他们举行的晚宴，席间老板会发表演讲，赞扬他们对公司的忠诚。

aspiration /ˌæspɪˈreɪʃən/

n.[C，U]强烈的愿望，志向，抱负

【搭配】soaring aspiration雄心壮志；have an aspiration to become a scholar有成为学者的抱负

【例句】As useful as computers are， they’re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for human-like behaviour.尽管电脑非常有用，但是离使它们具有人类的行为的这些早期设想还相差太远。

oath /eʊθ/

n.[C]①誓言，誓约②咒骂，诅咒语

【搭配】an oath of allegiance效忠宣誓；make/take an oath to do sth立誓做某事

【短语】on/under oath经宣誓

【例句】The judge reminded the wit-ness that she was under oath.法官提醒证人她已经宣过誓了。

同义辨析

faith指认为有确凿证据而完全相信；belief指思想上认可并无十足理由；aspiration指以某种比较高的事物为目的的愿望（soaring aspiration雄心壮志）；oath指正式的诺言（如在法庭上或对上帝的誓言）。

名师点睛

obey /əʊˈbeɪ/

v.服从，听从

【搭配】obey authority服从权威；obey one’s parents听从父母

【例句】He that cannot obey cannot command.不会服从的人就不会指挥。

【链接】obedience n.顺从，服从：blind obedience盲目服从

adhere /edˈhɪə/

vi.（to）①遵守，坚持②追随，支持

【搭配】adhere to the contract/pro-gramme遵守合同/程序

【例句】More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother tongue and adheres to the Roman Catholic faith.85%以上的法裔加拿大人以法语作为他们的母语，并信奉罗马天主教。

【链接】adherence n.坚持，遵守，遵循

observe /ebˈzɜːv/

vt.①遵守②评说，评论

【搭配】observe the terms of a con-tract遵守合同的条款

【例句】We must observe these princi-ples in our action.我们必须在行动上遵守这些原则。

follow /ˈfɒləʊ/

vt.①遵照，听从②听懂③跟随④注视

【搭配】follow sb’s advice听从某人的建议；follow one’s own customs 按照自己的习俗；follow policemen’s directions听从警察的命令；follow a child’s every movement关注孩子的每个行踪

【短语】as follows如下；follow th­rough（the case）把（案件）进行到底；follow up①追究，追查②（对……）采取进一步行动

【例句】As soon as the first evidence is found，we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly.只要找到了第一份证据，我们就知道要找的是什么了，随后很可能会有更多的发现。

conform /kenˈfɔ:m/

vi.（to/with）①遵守，适应，顺从②相似，符合

【搭配】conform to the feminine lin-guistic ideal遵循女性语言的理念；conform with/to the regulations遵守规章；conform to human needs符合人们的需要

【例句】In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time：male，middle class and Western.大多数学生和那个时代的标准完全一致：男性、中产阶级、西方人。

【链接】conformity n.①符合，依照②与某事物相一致：in conformity with your request遵照你的要求

comply /kemˈplaɪ/

vi.（with）遵从，依从，服从

【搭配】comply with the laws遵守法律；comply with one’s wishes/request满足愿望/要求；comply with one’s conditions依从自己的条件

【例句】We fnd it impossible to com-ply with the latest safety regulations. 我们觉得遵守最新的安全规章是不可能的。

同义辨析

obey指屈服于某人（如parents）的权威，或按照命令办事；conform常与to连用，指符合或使之符合已经规范了的习俗、样式、准则或理念（regulation/ideal）；comply常与with连用，表示顺从某人的意愿（wish）、要求（request）或遵守规矩、法律（law）的要求，暗示殷勤、依赖别人和没有主见；observe指一丝不苟、恭恭敬敬地遵守某一行为规范（discipline）或准则（principle）。

名师点睛

concede /kenˈsi:d/

vi.让步，认输vt.容许，让予

【搭配】concede to sb对某人让步；concede sb the right to do sth给某人做某事的权利

【例句】After the First World War， Germany conceded lots of land to her neighbour.一战后，德国割让了大片土地给邻国。

yield /ji:ld/

vi.①（to）屈服，顺从②倒塌，垮掉

【搭配】yield to military threat屈服于军事威胁；yield under pressure在压力下屈服；yield to the customer 顺从顾客的要求

【例句】Both of two elderly women yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.两位老妇人都是在度过了漫长而完满的一生后寿终正寝的。

submit /sebˈmɪt/

vi.（to）屈服，听从vt.①呈送②主张

【搭配】submit to the enemy向敌人投降；refuse to submit to the decision 拒绝服从决议

【例句】A wise man submits to cir-cumstances.识时务者为俊杰。

【链接】submission n.屈服，服从

同义辨析

concede指在强大的证据面前勉强承认；yield指人屈服于武力（military threat）、争论或请求；submit指因不敌对方（the enemy）而屈服，含有较强的斗争和冲突的含义。