Lesson 13

单词学习

名师点睛

impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/

a.①不耐烦的，急躁的②热切的，急切的

【搭配】an impatient answer不耐烦的回答；be impatient of interruptions因多次被打断而不耐烦；be impatient for sb to arrive急切地等待某人到达

【例句】Philip was impatient to learn the news.菲利普急于想知道这个消息。

【链接】impatience n.不耐烦

indignant /ɪnˈdɪgnənt/

a.愤怒的，愤慨的，义愤的

【搭配】the indignant passengers愤怒的乘客；be indignant at a false ac-cusation对诬告感到愤愤不平；be indignant with sb对某人表示愤怒

【例句】The members of Parliament were indignant that the government had not consulted them.政府没有征求他们的意见，议员们对此感到愤慨。

【链接】indignation n.愤怒，愤慨，义愤

furious /ˈfjʊərɪəs/

a.①狂怒的，暴怒的②强烈的，激烈的

【搭配】a furious temper暴躁的脾气；in a furious state处于狂怒中；be furious with sb（at sth）（为某事）对某人大发雷霆

【例句】He had sudden outbursts of furious anger which were always fatal to the often innocent objects.他突然燃起一腔怒火，他的这种愤怒总是会对无辜的对象造成严重伤害。

sore /sɔ:/

a.①恼火的②疼痛的，痛苦的n.[C]痛处

【搭配】get sore over/about sth因某事而恼火；have a sore on the back背痛

【例句】The suffering of the refugees makes her heart sore.难民的苦难使她心痛。

同义辨析impatient指面对反对意见不耐烦或因耽搁而怒，往往是精神不安导致的失控反应；indignant指愤怒中含有正义感以及对方挑衅的成分，be indignant at sth/with sb表示对某事/某人感到愤怒。

名师点睛

annoy /əˈnɔ:/

vt.①使恼怒，使烦恼②打扰，干扰

【搭配】get annoyed with sb对某人厌烦；feel annoyed at the news听到消息感到愤怒；an annoying delay令人烦恼的延误；be annoyed by flies 被苍蝇打扰

【例句】His mother is annoyed with him for being so rude to their neigh-bours.他母亲因他对邻居粗暴无礼而生气。

【链接】annoyance n.①烦恼②烦恼的事情

irritate /ˈɪrɪteɪt/

vt.①使恼怒，使烦躁②使（身体某部分）不适，使疼痛

【搭配】irritate one’s skin使皮肤感到不适；（smoke）irritate（s）my eyes（烟）熏得我眼睛痛；be irritated by offensive remarks被无礼的话激怒

【例句】With traffic so heavy，the trip is irritating.交通如此拥挤，使得行程让人烦躁。

provoke /prəˈvəʊk/

vt.对……挑衅，激怒

【搭配】provoke violence挑起暴力；provoke sb to anger激怒某人；pro-voke sb into losing his temper使某人发脾气

【例句】The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if provoked in any way.狱警全副武装，随时准备在遭到任何形式的挑衅时开枪。

rage /reɪdʒ/

vi.①发怒②（风）狂吹，（浪）汹涌，（战争）激烈进行③（火灾，疾病）迅速蔓延n.①[C，U]狂怒，盛怒②[the～]时尚

【搭配】be raged by one’s opponent被对手激怒；a raging sea汹涌的大海；a raging argument激烈的争论；fly into a rage勃然大怒

【例句】One night a firestorm raged through and destroyed over six hundred homes in our community.一天夜里风暴性大火席卷而来，摧毁了我们住宅区的600多间房屋。

outrage /ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/

vt.激怒n.①[U]愤慨，义愤②[C]暴行，骇人听闻的事件

【搭配】outrage public opinion触犯民意；be outraged by sb’s behaviour被某人的行为所激怒；get so outraged with his boss对他的老板感到很愤怒；commit outrages on sb对某人施加暴行；a sense of outrage义愤感

【例句】Would the use of H-bombs be an outrage against humanity？使用氢弹是否违背人道？

【链接】outrageous a.骇人的；无耻的，不道德的

aggravate /ˈægreveɪt/

vt.激怒，使恼火

【搭配】aggravating delays令人恼火的延误；aggravate him beyond endurance让他忍无可忍

【例句】His bossy attitude aggravates me.他专横的态度激怒了我。

disgust /dɪsˈgʌst/

vt.使厌恶，使反感n.[U]厌恶，反感

【搭配】be disgusted at/with his be-haviour对他的行为感到厌恶；do sth in disgust很反感地做某事；be disgusted with his students讨厌他的学生们

【例句】To his disgust，he saw a dead dog in his garden.使他作呕的是，他在自家花园里看到一只死狗。

【链接】disgusting a.令人厌恶的：a disgusting smell令人作呕的气味

同义辨析

annoy强调由于忍受不快或乏味的事情（如news/fly）而心态失衡；irritate强调因受某事（如offensive remarks）挑动大发其火，着重指一种暂时或短期的“恼怒”；provoke指因挑衅等行为引起强烈不悦（如anger），可能激起敌对行为（如riot）；aggravate指长久重复的行为（如delay）引起不快、烦躁或怒气。

名师点睛

barrier /ˈbærɪə/

n.[C]①障碍②栅栏，检票口③屏障

【搭配】a barrier to investment投资障碍；create a communication barrier 造成交流障碍；break through the na-tional barriers打破民族界限；set/put up a barrier between...在……中间设置障碍

【例句】It might be tempting，there-fore，to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportu-nity achieved.因此，可能诱人的是，以为陈规桎梏已经被打破、平等机遇已经实现了。

obstacle /ˈɒbstekəl/

n.[C]障碍（物），妨碍

【搭配】an obstacle to progress前进的障碍；clean away every obstacle 清除每个障碍；overcome the obsta-cle克服障碍

【例句】When the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign inves-tors and foreign goods，it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad.当美国对国外投资和商品设置障碍时，有可能会引起国外的反击行为。

hedge /hedʒ/

n.[C]①障碍物②（矮树）树篱vi. 避免直接回答

【搭配】shear the hedge修剪树篱；hedge on the question of unemploy-ment对失业问题闪烁其词

【例句】They planted a hedge around the garden.他们在花园周围扎起了树篱。

barricade /ˈbærɪkeɪd/

n.[C]路障，栅栏，障碍vt.设路障于，挡住

【搭配】make a barricade across the road设置路障；barricade the street在街上设路障；be barricaded with fallen stones被落石挡住

【例句】Various barricades blocked off the main streets of the city.各种路障封闭了城里的主要道路。

同义辨析

barrier指一时的难以克服的阻碍（物）（如communication/trade barrier）；obstacle指阻碍前进（progress）的东西或状况；barricade表示阻挡道路的临时障碍物，也指战时建筑的防御工事。

名师点睛

rank /ræŋk/

n.①[C，U]军（职）衔②[C，U]地位③[the pl.]（政党、组织等的）普通成员④[C]排，行列v.排行，排名

【搭配】fall into rank①加入行列②排队；give frst rank to reputation把名誉放在第一位；the higher ranks of the profession业内高层人员；rank high in road accidents道路交通事故发生率高；rank low in child mortal-ity rates孩子死亡率低

【例句】Cost cutting lay-offs in the 1980’s reduced the professional and managerial ranks leaving fewer people to get the job done.20世纪80年代为削减成本而进行的裁员减少了专业人士和管理层的人数，只剩下更少的人完成工作。

scale /skeɪl/

n.①[C]等级，级别②[C，U]大小，规模③[C]（鱼等的）鳞vt.攀登

【搭配】a scale of salaries薪水的等级；scale the wall by a ladder登梯子上墙

【短语】scale down缩减；on a（large/small）scale①（大/小）规模地②在……规模上

【例句】She helped the minds of her students scale the mountain walls and reach out to the world beyond.她帮助学生解放思想，树立攀越重重山峰、走向外面世界的观念。

rating /ˈreɪtɪŋ/

n.[C]①等级，程度②[pl.]收视率，收听率

【搭配】a good credit rating高信用等级；a TV programme with high rat-ings收视率高的电视节目

【例句】The opinion polls gave the president high ratings.民意测验显示民众对总统的支持率很高。

bracket /ˈbrækɪt/

n.[C]①（年龄、收入等的）等级段②括号vt.①把……置于括号内②把……归入同一类

【搭配】the high/low income bracket 高/低收入阶层；be brought into a higher bracket被划入一个较高等级；bracket a word把字置于括号内

【例句】Don’t bracket me with him just because we are classmates.别因为我跟他是同学就把我们看作一类人。