Lesson 11


单词学习

名师点睛
disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/
vt.①打扰,妨碍②使不安,使烦恼③弄乱
【搭配】disturb the balance in nature 破坏生态平衡;disturb sb with some questions用一些问题打扰某人;dis-turb the social order扰乱社会秩序
【例句】What disturbs you most about this latest development?最新的事态发展中什么让你感到最担心?
distract /dɪˈstrækt/
vt.转移(注意力),使分心
【搭配】distract sb’s attention分散某人的注意力
【例句】Although we tried to concen-trate on the lecture,we were distracted by the noise from the next room.尽管我们努力全神贯注听讲座,隔壁房间的喧闹声还是分散了我们的注意力。
【链接】distracted a.(from/by sth)精神不能集中的(尤指因激动):distracted with joy/fear/sorrow因高兴/恐惧/悲伤而不能集中精神
disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/
vt.使中断,扰乱
【搭配】disrupt our sleeping and eating habits扰乱了我们的睡眠和饮食习惯;disrupt the meeting/public order中断会议/扰乱公共秩序
【例句】The heavy storm has disrupted telephone service.强暴风雨使电话业务中断。
【链接】disruption n.中断,破坏:the disruption of sb’s body clock某人生物钟的混乱
upset v./ʌpˈset/ n./ˈʌpset/
vt.①打乱,搅乱②使心烦意乱,使不适③打翻n.①[C,U]搅乱②[C](肠胃等)不适
【搭配】upset sb’s plans打乱某人的计划;upset the balance of power打破力量的平衡;a stomach upset胃部不适
【例句】Well,I don’t think we do any-thing deliberately to upset our custom-ers.好吧,我认为我们不是故意去做一些会让顾客不开心的事。
distress /dɪˈstres/
vt.使痛苦,使悲伤n.[U]①痛苦②贫困③危难
【搭配】be distressed about the matter 为那件事而苦恼;be distressed at sad news听到不幸的消息而悲痛;be in great distress深感忧虑
【例句】I am distressed at seeing you unhappy.看到你不快乐,我感到难过。
afʊict /əˈflɪkt/
vt.使苦恼,折磨
【搭配】be af icted with bad eyesight 苦于视力不好;be afflicted with a conscience受到良心的谴责;problems currently afflicting the third world countries当前困扰第三世界国家的问题
【例句】The injury causing paralysis afflicted Superman star Christopher Reeve.《超人》的主演克里斯托弗·里夫饱受因受伤而导致瘫痪的身体的折磨。
torture /ˈtɔ:tʃə/
vt.拷问,折磨n.[C,U]拷问,折磨
【搭配】torture sb to confess his crime用刑使某人招认罪行;die under tor-ture折磨致死
【例句】He was tortured with anxiety. 焦虑折磨着他。
haunt /hɔ:nt/
vt.①使苦恼,使担忧②(思想、回忆等)萦绕在心头n.[常pl.]常去的地方
【搭配】have a haunted look显露忧烦的神色;be haunted with gloomy thoughts被悲观的思想所萦绕;a haunt of criminals罪犯的巢穴
【例句】Erin White had been haunted by the question of whether she could go as far as she wanted in life.埃琳·怀特一直在思索着她能不能得到生命中想要的这个问题。
rack /ræk/
vt.①使痛苦,折磨②使紧张,使努力n.[C]挂架,搁架
【搭配】rack one’s brains to do sth绞尽脑汁做某事;be racked with pain深受痛苦的折磨
【例句】Racking his brains,he couldn’t think of a single example.他绞尽脑汁也想不出一个例子。
frown /fraʊn/
v.①皱眉,蹙额②反对n.[C]皱眉,蹙额
【搭配】frown one’s displeasure皱眉表示不满;frown sb into silence皱眉使某人闭嘴;frown on sb’s idea反对某人的主意;look at the composition with a frown皱着眉看着作文
【例句】In the past,a large majority of Americans frowned at the idea of divorce.过去,大多数美国人反对离婚。
同义辨析
disturb指烦恼(如question)、干扰等打乱了人的精神上的平静;upset表示“打乱”,常与计划(plan)、平衡(balance)等词搭配;distress表示身心遭受痛苦,常用作被动语态,用于be distressed about/over/at结构中;frown指由于不满(dis-pleasure)而皱眉。


名师点睛
confuse /knˈfju:z/
vt.①使困惑,把……弄糊涂②混淆③混乱
【搭配】be confused at the error对错误困惑不解;confusing instructions 莫名其妙的指示;confuse the ac-counts搞乱账目;confuse sb/sth with another混淆某人/某事
【例句】He also prepared visual aids diagramming fault lines,so his class-mates wouldn’t get confused.他也准备了可用图表表示断层线的直观教具,这样,他的同学就不会感到困惑了。
【链接】confusion n.①困惑,糊涂②混乱,混淆:add to sb’s confusion使某人更加困惑
puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/
v.①(使)迷惑②(使)苦思n. [C]①谜②[sing.]难题
【搭配】puzzle out the meaning of... 试图弄清……含义;puzzle one’s brains about/over sth为某事大伤脑筋;a puzzling situation令人困惑的处境;be puzzled about his low spirits对他的没精打采感到不解
【例句】It puzzles me why she said that. 我不明白她为什么那么说。
perplex /pəˈpleks/
vt.使困惑,使费解,使复杂化
【搭配】be perplexed for an answer不知怎么回答才好;a perplexing ques-tion一个使人困惑的问题
【例句】I have no wish to perplex the issue.我不想使问题复杂化。
bewilder /bɪˈwɪldə/
vt.使迷惑,使难住
【搭配】a bewildered look困惑的神情;bewildering details令人茫然无头绪的细节
【例句】When the farmers visited the city for the first time,they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农民第一次来到城里时,他们被复杂的交通系统搞得晕头转向。
bafəe /ˈbæfəl/
vt.使困惑,难住
【搭配】be baffled by a problem被问题难住;be completely baf ed by lack of evidence因缺乏证据而束手无策;baffle our plan阻挠我们的计划
【例句】One of the examination questions baf ed me completely and I couldn’t answer it.一道考题让我迷惑不解,难以作答。
tangle /ˈtæŋgəl/
v.(使)缠结,(使)乱作一团
【搭配】get tangled in the affair被卷入那件事;(power failure)tangle(s) traffc(停电)使交通混乱
【短语】tangle with(sb)与(某人)争吵(或打架)
【例句】The wind tangled her hair.风吹乱了她的头发。
stump /stʌmp/
vt.把……难住,使为难
【搭配】be stumped for the quiz被测验难住
【例句】Will you help me with this crossword puzzle?It got me stumped. 你能帮我解开这个纵横字谜吗?它把我难住了。
同义辨析
confuse强调因混淆而产生迷乱;perplex强调因困惑而引起的不安情绪;bewilder语气最重,表示糊涂到无法思考的地步;baf e指在陌生人或令人费解的事物(如 problem)面前无法行动或推测。


名师点睛
issue /ˈɪʃu:/
n.①[C](公众关心的)问题,争论点②[U]发行③[C](报刊的)一期
vt.发出,颁布
【搭配】the number one issue头等大事;the latest issue of the magazine最新一期的杂志;new books on international issues有关国际问题的新书;developmental/environmentalissues发展/环境问题;make an is-sue of sth争论某事;issue a warning to drivers向司机们发出预警;issue regular reports定期发表报告
【例句】Officials created something called the German Green Card and an-nounced that they would issue 20,000 in the frst year.官员们创造了一种叫作德国绿卡的东西,并宣布头一年将会发行20000张。
puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/
n.[C]①[sing.]难题②智力测验,谜
【搭配】fnd out the puzzle猜出谜语;be in a puzzle about sth对某事迷惑不解;work out the puzzle解决难题
【例句】Her decision was a puzzle to him.她的决定让他难以理解。
trouble /ˈtrʌbəl/
n.①[C,U]麻烦,困难②[U]毛病③[常pl.]纠纷vt.①使烦恼②麻烦vi.费神,费力
【搭配】make trouble闹事,捣乱;have trouble(in)doing sth做某事有困难;cause/get into trouble遇到麻烦
【短语】in trouble陷入困境,倒霉
【例句】Never trouble trouble till trou-ble troubles you.麻烦没有来找你,不要自己找麻烦。
dilemma /dɪˈlemə/
n.[C](进退两难的)窘境,困境
【搭配】be caught in a dilemma陷入困境;face a dilemma面临进退两难的境地
【例句】Jack is not very decisive,and he always fnds himself in a dilemma as if he doesn’t know what he really wants to do.杰克不是很果断,他总是感到自己处于一种进退两难的境地,好像总是不知所措。
paradox /ˈpærsdɒks/
n.[C]①似乎矛盾而(可能)正确的说法②自相矛盾的人(或事物)
【用法】It is a paradox that...……似乎自相矛盾
【搭配】be full of paradox矛盾百出
【例句】It is one of the great para-doxes of our culture that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all,yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.我们文化中的一大矛盾就是我们在坚定信奉基本的人人平等的同时,也在拼命地将自己和我们的同胞们区分开来。
mystery /ˈmɪstərɪ/
n.①[U]神秘(性)②[C]神秘的人(事物)
【搭配】an unsolved mystery未解开的秘密;bare the mystery暴露神秘的事物;be a mystery to sb令某人无法理解
【例句】It is no mystery to me why many teenagers appear apathetic and burned out.我一点都不奇怪为什么许多青少年表现得麻木不仁、没精打采。
【链接】mysteriously ad.神秘地
complication /ɪkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃən/
n.[C]①并发症②(新出现的)困难,难题
【搭配】cause complications引起并发症;see further complication of the matter进一步看清事情的复杂之处
【例句】Both parents are out of work, which adds complications to their family life.父母双双失业,这给他们的家庭生活增添了许多困难。
【链接】complicate vt.使复杂,使麻烦:complicate their lives使他们的生活复杂
plight /plaɪt/
n.[常sing.]困境,苦境
【搭配】a hopeless/sad plight绝望/悲惨的境况
【例句】The plight of the people in the drought-stricken area has not im-proved.干旱地区人民的困境没有得到改善。
setback /ˈsetbæk/
n.[C]挫折,倒退,失败
【搭配】meet with many setbacks遇到许多挫折;have a setback in one’s career在事业上受到挫折
【例句】At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of setbacks with the ma-chinery.开始时工程一切顺利,但是最近机器出了很多问题。


名师点睛
mess /mes/
n.①[U]凌乱状态②[sing.]混乱的局面,困境vt.弄糟,弄脏
【搭配】be in a terrible mess乱七八糟;make a mess of sb’s plan打乱某人的计划
【短语】mess about/around①无计划地瞎忙②闲逛③轻率对待;mess up (a room)把(房间)弄乱;mess with (sb)与某人有牵连
【例句】It’s hardly news that the im-migration system is a mess.移民归化局内部系统一团糟,这几乎不是什么新闻。
tangle /ˈtæŋgəl/
n.[C]①乱糟糟的一堆,混乱②复杂的问题(或形势),困惑
【搭配】be in a tangle纠缠不清;a tangle of ropes一团乱绳;make a tangle of a ball of wool把毛线团弄乱
【例句】He got an awful tangle with his homework.他的家庭作业一团糟。
riot /ˈraɪət/
n.①[C]暴乱,骚乱②[sing.](色彩、声音等的)极度丰富
【搭配】put down a riot by force以武力平息暴乱;get up/raise/start a riot 发起暴动;a riot of sound各种嘈杂声
【短语】run riot①胡作非为,撒野②(感情等)约束不住,(想象力等)自由驰骋③猖獗,肆虐
【例句】The garden is a riot of colour in summer.夏天花园里五彩缤纷。
turbulence /ˈtɜːbjʊləns/
n.[U]①骚乱,混乱②(空气和水的)湍流
【搭配】political/social/religious turbu-lence政治/社会/宗教的骚乱;emo-tions in a state of turbulence纷乱的情绪
【例句】We experienced severe turbu-lence during the ight.我们在飞行中遇到了强烈的气流。
stir /stɜː/
n.[sing.]激动,骚乱
【搭配】make/give a stir in science在科学界引起轰动;create/excite a stir in the village在村里引起轰动
【例句】His resignation caused quite a stir.他的辞职引起了相当大的轰动。
rebellion /rɪˈbeljən/
n.[C,U]反叛,反抗
【搭配】a rebellion in the offcer corps 下士军官们的反叛
【例句】The slaves rose in rebellion against their masters.奴隶起义反抗他们的主人。
defection /dɪfekʃən/
n.[C,U](from sth)(对党派、事 业、宗教等的)背叛,叛变
【搭配】several defections from the ruling party执政党中的一些倒戈
【例句】Discontent in the party will lead to further defections.政党内的不满情绪将导致更多的党员叛变。
【链接】defective a.(in sth)有缺点的,不完美的:defective goods有缺陷的商品
chaos /ˈkeɪ-ɒs/
n.[U]混乱,紊乱
【搭配】a chaos of letters杂乱堆放的信件;live in a state of chaos生活杂乱不堪
【例句】The country was plunged into chaos following the president’s assassi-nation.总统被刺杀后国家陷于混乱之中。
disturbance /dɪˈstɜːbəns/
n.[C,U]①扰乱,打扰②骚乱,混乱③心神不安,烦恼
【搭配】trigger the disturbance引起骚乱;quiet/suppress a disturbance平息骚乱
【例句】The country was an island that enjoyed civilized living for a thousand years or more with little disturbance from the outside world.这个国家是个岛国,它享受了约一千多年的文明生活,几乎没有受到外界干扰。
disorder /dɪsˈɔ:də/
n.①[U]混乱,凌乱②[C,U]骚动,动乱③[C,U](身心机能的)失调,病
【搭配】retreat in disorder溃退;dis--order for tax increases增税而引起的混乱;suffer from a stomach disorder 患胃病;develop eating disorders患饮食紊乱疾病;attention-defcit disor-der多动症
【例句】My own work is focused on the chemical imbalances and biolo-gical factors related to behavioural and emotional disorders.我自身的工作主要着重于研究与行为、精神失常相关的化学物质失衡和生物学因素。
fuss /fʌs/
n.[sing.,U]忙乱,大惊小怪vi.①大惊小怪②(为小事)烦恼
【搭配】get into a fuss焦急;fuss over the children过分关心孩子
【短语】make a fuss of/over(sb)对某人关怀备至,过分注意某人
【例句】The woman is making too big a fuss about her condition.那位女士对自己的状况太大惊小怪了。
harassment /ˈhærəsmənt/
n.[U]①骚扰,扰乱②烦恼,烦乱
【搭配】environmental harassment环保问题
【例句】More and more people request the government to make laws against sexual harassment.越来越多的人要求政府立法反对性骚扰。
同义辨析
mess尤指人的外表不整洁或思想(如plan)混乱;riot指很多人有组织、有目的地进行骚动或暴动,常和put down/raise/start等搭配;chaos表示极端无秩序和一片混乱,牢记live in a state of chaos(生活杂乱不堪);disorder可用于指神经错乱(a nervous disorder);fuss强调不必要的着急和焦虑,必记make a great fuss about tri es(小题大做)。


名师点睛
blend /blend/
v.(使)混合,(使)混杂n.[C]①混合物②混合,交融
【搭配】blend milk and cream将牛奶和奶油混合;blend with the environ-ment与环境融为一体
【例句】The houses seem to blend into the countryside.这些房子似乎与乡村融合在了一起。
merge /mɜːdʒ/
v.(使)结合,(使)合并,(使)合为一体
【搭配】merge into the other colour融入另一种颜色;merge two smaller frms合并两家较小的公司
【例句】The two roads merged a mile ahead.两条路在前面一英里处交汇。
mingle /ˈmɪŋgəl/
vi.相混合,相交往vt.使混合,使相混
【搭配】mingle with the crowd混到人群中;astonishment mingled with amusement惊喜交加
【例句】Now the cheers and applause mingled in a single sustained roar.此时,欢呼声和鼓掌声混成一片,经久不息。
integrate /ˈɪntɪgreɪt/
v.(into/with)(使)成为一体,(使)合并
【搭配】integrate art into the curricu-lum把美术纳入学校课程;integrate suggestions into the plan把建议融入计划;integrate into this organisation 加入这个组织;integrate the practical work with the theoretical aspects理论方面与实践相结合
【例句】When the network is com-plete,it will integrate three types of
railway line.一旦铁路网络建成,它将会整合三条铁路运输路线。
dissolve /dɪˈzɒlv/
vi.①溶解,融化②消失,减弱vt.①使溶解,使融化②解散,结束
【搭配】dissolve sugar in water使糖在水中溶解;dissolve the parliament 解散议会
【例句】Opposition to the idea gra-dually dissolved.反对那项主张的呼声逐渐减弱。
stir /stɜː/
vt.①搅拌,搅动②使微动vi.①微动②流行
【搭配】stir the sugar in the coffee搅动咖啡中的糖;stir in one’s sleep某人睡觉时轻轻动一下
【例句】Interest began to stir among the audience.听众开始有点感兴趣了。
同义辨析
blend指和谐共存的事物(如milk and cream/environment)的混合,侧重整体的统一性;merge表示构成成分融于整体中,或者一部分完全并入另一部分(如merge into the other colour溶入另一种颜色);stir将原本沉淀的事物或在底层的东西搅动到表面上使之明显,如stir the sugar in the coffee(搅动咖啡中的糖)。