Lesson 10

单词学习

名师点睛

raise /reɪz/

vt.①举起，提升②增加③提出④集（资）n.[C]①提升②加薪

【搭配】raise questions提问；raise new doubts提出了新的质疑；raise the national ag升国旗；raise a fami-ly’s standard of living提高家庭的生活水平；raise one’s eyebrows挑起眉头；raise money for the hospital为医院集资捐款；get a raise获得提升；a reasonable raise合理的加薪

【例句】The second rule is don’t raise the stakes by challenging her authority. 第二个规则是不要通过挑战她的权威让自己冒险。

heave /hi:v/

vt.①（at/on）（用力）举起，拉，拖②扔③（沉重地）发出（叹息、呻吟等）④呕吐，恶心⑤（有节奏地）起伏

【搭配】heave the heavy box举起重箱子；heave a stone through sb’s window 向某人的窗子扔进一块石头；heave a groan of despair发出绝望的呻吟；heave a sigh of relief松了一口气

【例句】The sailors all heaved on the rope in the storm.暴风雨中，水手们都用力拽住缆绳。

elevate /ˈelɪveɪt/

vt.①举起，使上升②提升……的职位，提高，改善③使情绪高昂

【搭配】elevate the voice slightly稍微提高嗓门；elevate sb to the rank of the manager提升某人为经理；elevate feminine beauty and grace提升女性的魅力和优雅

【例句】If a mind is not refned，the mind is not elevated.心灵纯洁方能高尚。

【链接】elevator n.电梯，升降机

hoist /hɔɪst/

vt.（用机械、绳子等）举起，升起，吊起n.[C]①起重器械②[常sing.]举起

【搭配】hoist cargo with a crane用吊车吊起货物；hoist materials to the upper oors把材料吊到上面的楼层

【例句】Unfold the ag frst，and then hoist it quickly to the top of the ag-pole.首先展开旗帜，然后迅速地将旗帜升至旗杆顶端。

upgrade vt./ʌpˈgreɪd/ n./ˈʌpgreɪd/

vt.提升，使升级n.[C]向上的斜坡

【搭配】be upgraded to the post of... 被提升到……职位；upgrade the level of protection提升保护程度；on the upgrade上升的，进步的

【例句】The company needed to up-grade its IT infrastructure to provide connectivity with a new，second offce. 该公司为了与新的第二办公地点连通，需要升级IT设备。

同义辨析

raise指使物体（如flag）达到更高的位置，也指提高价格（price）、名誉（reputa-tion）、租金（rent）等；heave指将重物（heavy box）提起；elevate指提 升（elevate sb to the rank of the manager提升某人为经理）或振奋精神（mind）；hoist指使用机械提起某物（如cargo/material/ag）。

名师点睛

arouse /əˈraʊz/

vt.①引起，激起，唤起②唤醒

【搭配】arouse sb from sleep唤醒某人；arouse sb’s enthusiasm激起某人的热情；arouse the interest of many young learners激起许多年轻学习者的兴趣

【例句】Our research arouses the con-cern that people may now be more likely to raise negative views of Afri-can Americans.我们的研究引起一种焦虑，那就是人们更有可能对非裔美国人产生消极的看法。

rouse /raʊz/

vt.惊起，唤起，唤醒

【搭配】rouse sb to action使某人开始采取行动；rouse enthusiasm/in-dignation激发热情/义愤；rouse the masses鼓动群众；rouse sb from/out of one’s sleep把某人弄醒

【例句】An English teacher should try all means to rouse students’interests in English learning.一个英语老师应当千方百计地唤起学生对英语学习的兴趣。

waken /ˈweɪkən/

vt.唤醒vi.醒来

【搭配】waken sb out of dream把某人从梦中叫醒；waken（up）at six o’clock六点钟醒来

【例句】We were wakened by a loud noise.我们被巨大的喧闹声吵醒。

evoke /ɪˈvəʊk/

vt.引起，唤起，使人想起

【搭配】evoke laughter引发笑声；evoke a variety of answers引起各种回答；evoke much controversy引起很多争论

【例句】The Grape of Wrath is a novel that evokes the Depression in accurate detail.《愤怒的葡萄》是一部以精确的细节再现大萧条时期情景的小说。

provoke /prəˈvəʊk/

vt.激起，引起

【搭配】provoke violence激起暴力；（increased prices）provoke worries（价格上涨）引起担忧；provoke laughter/sb’s interest引起大笑/某人的兴趣

【例句】The students tried to provoke their teacher into losing her temper.学生们想方设法惹老师生气。

incur /ɪnˈkɜː/

vt.招致，引起；遭受

【搭配】incur the anger of a friend惹朋友生气；incur hatred/danger招致仇恨/危险；incur heavy losses蒙受重大损失；incur debts负债

【例句】Teleworking policies might incur additional expenses as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business.远程办公政策可能会产生额外的费用，因为雇员们开始利用工作之便报销家庭电话账单。

induce /ɪnˈdju:s/

vt.引起，导致

【搭配】induce sleepiness产生睡意；illness induced by overwork工作过度引起的疾病；be induced to remain silent使得保持沉默

【例句】She expressed her strong de-termination that nothing could induce her to give up her career as a teacher. 她决心已定，什么都不能使她放弃做一名老师的事业。

effect /ɪˈfekt/

vt.引起；实现，使生效n.[C，U]①结果，效果②效力，作用，影响

【搭配】effect a cure治愈；effect a reconciliation between the couple促成夫妻和解；effect changes in the company在公司内部进行改革；ill/side effects不良作用/副作用；bloody special effects in movies电影里血腥的特效场面；lasting effects长期的效果；have a profound effect on socie-ties对社会产生深远的影响

【短语】bring/carry/put into effect实行，实现，使生效；come/go into ef-fect实施，生效；in effect①实际上，实质上②生效；take effect生效，起作用；to the effect that大意是

【例句】I could feel the effect of the thin mountain air.我能感觉到山上稀薄空气产生的影响。

stir /stɜː/

vt.①激起，打动②（某种感情）产生n.[常sing.]骚乱

【搭配】stir sb’s imagination/sympa-thy激起某人想象力/同情心；stir sb to action激发某人采取行动

【短语】stir up（dispute）激起，挑起（争端）

【例句】A large audience was deeply stirred by the sad love story of Rose and Jack in Titanic.众多观众被《泰坦尼克号》里罗斯与杰克悲惨的爱情故事所深深打动。

create /krɪˈeɪt/

vt.引起，产生；创建

【搭配】create an atmosphere营造气氛；create her own company创办她自己的公司；create awareness创造意识

【例句】Plenty of us create a to-do list to address feelings of being over-whelmed，but we rarely use these tools to their best effect.我们中有许多人创建了待办事件清单来减轻自己无法承受的感觉，但是我们很少把这些工具发挥到极致。

generate /ˈdʒenreɪt/

vt.①引起，导致②生成，产生（光、热、电等）

【搭配】generate a discussion引起一场争论；generate hatred/envy引起憎恨/妒忌；generate heat/light/gas产生热量/光线/气体

【例句】If these investments generate huge social benefts，the benefts of pro-viding more social support for the family should be that much clearer.如果这些投入产生巨大社会效益的话，那么为家庭提供更多社会帮助的好处就会更明显。

trigger /ˈtrɪgə/

vt.引起，触发n.[C]①（枪等的）扳机②引起反应的行动

【搭配】trigger mass demonstrations 引起群众游行示威；trigger demands for wage increases引发增加工资的要求；trigger political debates引发政治争论

【例句】One of the triggers was when one of our tax managers returned from maternity leave.起因之一是我们的一位税务经理休完婚假回来的时候。

spark /spa:k/

vt.（off）触发，引起n.[C]火花

【搭配】spark an outburst of interest 激发兴趣；spark off major riots in cities引起城市中的大骚乱

【例句】Superhigh drug prices，they claim，fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs.他们宣称，超高的药价是为下一代妙药的研制提供资金。

同义辨析

arouse除表示从睡眠中唤醒某人（arouse sb from sleep）之外，还指唤起他人的注意等（如enthusiasm/an intense feeling of homesickness in sb）；generate主要用于物质（如heat/light/gas）方面，也可用于精神（如discussion/hatred/envy）方面。