Lesson 9

单词学习

名师点睛

depress /dɪˈpres/

vt.①使沮丧，使消沉②使不景气，削弱

【搭配】depress business使生意萧条；（rainy days）depress sb（雨天）使人沮丧

【例句】She has really been depressed lately.All she does is staying in her room all day.她近来真的很沮丧，每天只是待在家里。

despair /dɪˈspeə/

vi.（of）绝望，失去希望

【用法】despair后面须接of（doing） sth做宾语，表示“对……绝望”，不接动词不定式。

【搭配】a despairing sigh绝望的叹息

【例句】He despaired of winning a scholarship.他对获取奖学金已不抱希望。

frustrate /frʌˈstreɪt/

vt.①使沮丧，使灰心②挫败，使受挫折

【搭配】frustrate the enemy in his plans他挫败敌人的计划；feel frus-trated in one’s present job对自己目前的工作感到不顺心

【例句】The fact that he’s working with amateurs really frustrates him.与生手共事着实让他沮丧。

【链接】frustration n.挫败，挫折：frustration in career事业上受挫

dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/

vt.①使失望②使惊恐n.[U]失望

【搭配】be dismayed at/by the cost被费用所震惊；be dismayed to learn that...惊悉……；listen in/with dis-may to the news诚惶诚恐地听着消息；to sb’s dismay使某人沮丧的是

【例句】We were all dismayed at his refusal to cooperate.他拒绝合作使我们感到非常失望。

grieve /gri:v/

vi.（for）感到悲痛，伤心vt.使伤心，为……而伤心

【搭配】grieve for her dead baby为她死去的孩子悲伤；grieve over his sudden death为他突然去世而伤心；be grieved by the death of sb因某人之死而伤心

【例句】He grieved to death over the loss of his wife.丧妻使他悲痛欲绝。

embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/

vt.使窘迫，使尴尬，使不好意思

【搭配】an embarrassing problem 一个令人尴尬的问题；seem em-barrassed by the question似乎被问题难住了；financially embarrassed经济拮据

【例句】Tears，be they of sorrow， anger，or joy，typically make Ame-ricans feel uncomfortable and em-barrassed.无论是因为悲伤、愤怒还是因为快乐而流泪，通常都会使美国人感到不舒服和窘迫。

foil /fɔɪl/

vt.挫败，使受挫折n.①[U]箔②[C]陪衬

【搭配】be foiled in one’s attempt企图未能得逞；foil the attempt to es-cape挫败逃跑的企图；serve as a foil to his friend做他朋友的陪衬

【例句】An ambition to become a pilot was foiled by a sight problem.因为视力不好，他想成为飞行员的抱负没能实现。

同义辨析

depress指由体力、心理或天气（如rainy days）导致的精神低落；grieve表示常因遇到麻烦、失去亲友（如her dead baby）或爱物等导致的悲伤；embarrass含有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。

名师点睛

depression /dɪˈpreʃən/

n.①[C，U]抑郁，沮丧②[C]不景气，萧条（期）③[C]洼地，凹陷

【搭配】business/economic depression 商业/经济萧条；in a state of deep de-pression处于非常沮丧的状态之中；the dread of another Great Depression另一次大萧条的恐慌

【例句】People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depres-sion than people who are close to others. 和那些有亲密朋友的人相比，那些缺少亲密朋友的人更焦虑、更消沉。

recession /rɪˈseʃən/

n.[C，U]（经济的）衰退，衰退期

【搭配】a recession in the economy经济衰退；the period of economic recession经济衰退期；recover from a recession从衰退中复苏

【例句】Has the market been badly hit by the recession？经济衰退已严重影响市场了吗？

gloom /glu:m/

n.[U]①抑郁，沮丧②昏暗，阴暗

【搭配】spread gloom and doom散布忧郁和沮丧情绪；cast a gloom over the girl使姑娘情绪低落；be filled with gloom黯淡无光

【例句】In the gloom I could only just discern the outline of a building.在黑暗中我只能依稀分辨出一座建筑物的轮廓。

slump /slʌmp/

n.[C]萧条期，低潮

【搭配】the economic slump of the 1930s 20世纪30年代的经济大萧条；a slump in demand需求量锐减

【例句】According to this narrative， the slump can be cured by having the goverment commit to and follow a more hands-off approach.根据这一理论，经济萧条可以通过让政府承诺并遵循一条尽量不干预政策得到解决。

despair /dɪˈspeə/

n.[U]①绝望②使人绝望的人（或事物）

【搭配】fall into despair陷入绝望；fll sb with despair使某人完全绝望；drive sb to despair使某人陷入绝望

【例句】He is the despair of his teacher because he refuses to study.由于他不肯学习，这使得老师感到大为失望。

mise ry /ˈmɪzərɪ/

n.[U]①痛苦，苦恼，苦难②悲惨的境遇，贫苦

【搭配】make sb’s life a misery使某人生活痛苦；live in misery生活在穷困中；have a misery in the tooth牙疼

【例句】There is much less physical misery than before.People are better off.和以前相比，现在物质上的困苦少了许多。人们的经济状况更好了。

名师点睛

inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/

vt.①鼓舞，激起②给……以灵感

【搭配】inspire sb with hope/courage 鼓起某人的希望/勇气；inspire eve-ryone to follow his example鼓励每个人都以他为榜样；feel inspired by his victory感到被他的胜利所鼓舞；in-spire sth into sb把某件事灌输给某人

【例句】The promise is so extravagant that it sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences.这个承诺如此过分以至于有时会激发人们选择反社会的结果。

【链接】inspirational a.有鼓舞力量的

motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/

vt.激励，激发，作为……的动机

【搭配】motivate the child to learn new words激励小孩学习新词；be motivated by kindness/love/desire受仁慈/爱意/欲望的激励

【例句】School supervisor Doyle Dis-proof denies the moves were politically motivated.学校的督察员多伊尔·迪斯布拉邬否认这次事件有政治动机。

mobilise/-ize /ˈməʊbɪlaɪz/

vt.①调动，鼓动起来②动员vi.动员

【搭配】mobilise the economic re-sources调动经济资源

【例句】They are mobilising their sup-porters to vote at the election.他们正在选举中动员其支持者去投票。

activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/

vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用

【搭配】activate disease resistance激活对疾病的抵抗力；be activated by selfsh motives受自私动机的驱使

【例句】Treading on any part of the foor activates the alarm system.踩踏地板的任何部分都会触发警报系统。

stimulate /stɪmjʊleɪt/

vt.刺激，激励

【搭配】stimulate thinking引发思考；stimulate the creativity of sb激发某人的创造力；stimulating entertainment available可获得的刺激的娱乐活动；stimulate people’s desire to buy刺激人们的购买欲

【例句】A test of oral English should be included in CET（College English Test） to stimulate students to practise oral English.大学英语试应包括口语测试，以促进学生练习英语口语。

【链接】stimulation n.激励，鼓舞，刺激：intensity o the sti ulation刺激的强度

further /ˈfɜːðə/

vt.促进，推进，助长

【搭配】further production促进生产；further sb’s chances ofpromotion增加某人获得晋升的机会

【例句】Many young students dream of going abroad to further their education. 许多青年学生都希望能到国外深造。

promote /prəˈməʊt/

vt.①促进，增进，发扬②提升，提拔③宣传，推销

【搭配】promote prosperity/develop-ment促进繁荣/发展；promote crea-tive thinking发展创造性思维；pro-mote economic globalisation促进经济全球化；promote interest in arts提升对艺术的兴致；promote the sales of goods推销商品；promote the idea 推广这个理念

【例句】A teacher deserves wide lati-tude in selecting the method of grad-ing that best promotes learning in her classroom.老师应有为促进本班学习而选择判分方法的很宽泛的自主空间。

【链接】promotion n.促进；提拔，晋升

propel /prəˈpel/

vt.①激励，驱使②推进，推动

【搭配】propel the boat forward推动船只前进；a person propelled by am-bition受野心驱使的人

【例句】Under the guidance of their teacher，the pupils are building a model boat propelled by steam.学生们正在他们老师的引导下制作一艘由蒸汽驱动的船只模型。

urge /ɜːdʒ/

vt.①激励，鼓励②催促，力劝

【搭配】urge sb forward鞭策某人进步；urge their children to apply to more schools than ever敦促孩子申请比以往多得多的学校

【例句】Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing. 米勒鼓励求职者敞开心扉，考虑从事除了目前工作之外的其他工作的可能性。

whip /wɪp/

vt.①鞭打，抽打，鞭策②猛地移动vi.猛地移动

【搭配】whip the horses on策马前进；whip up interest in reading激起读书的兴趣

【例句】The robber whipped out a knife.强盗猛地拔出一把刀来。

push /pʊʃ/

vt.①催逼，逼迫②推动，推进

【搭配】push the door open推开门；push one’s way through the crowd从人群中挤了过去；push them for a quick decision敦促他们迅速决断

【短语】push around摆布，欺负；push on匆匆向前，继续前进

【例句】Many environmentalists still push that view.许多环保学家依然支持那个观点。

spur /spɜː/

vt.激励，鞭策，促进n.[C]刺激（物），激励

【搭配】spur production促进生产；spur sb to fght激励某人去战斗

【短语】on the spur of the moment一时冲动之下，当即

【例句】Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.密歇根的立法者目前正在讨论通过立法增加州政府分担学校教育经费的份额，他们的目的就是促使该立法通过。

同义辨析

inspire多用于勇气（courage）、希望（hope）、信心（confidence）等方面；刺激身体、心理或某人器官只能用stimulate；further常指给予推动，特指为人或人的事业扫除障碍；promote强调促使某种事业（如prosperity/development）向前发展以达到预期的结果；propel通常指用机械等力量（如steam）来推动。

名师点睛

excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/

vt.①使激动，使兴奋②引起，激起

【搭配】excite one’s nerves刺激神经；excite the crowd by one’s speech 以演说感动听众；excite sb to anger把某人激怒；excite curiosity/envy/sympathy激起好奇/妒忌/同情

【例句】The king’s cruelty excited a rising of the people.国王的残酷引起了人民的起义。

【链接】excitement n.刺激，激动，兴奋；exciting a.刺激的，令人兴奋的

impress /ɪmˈpres/

vt.给……以深刻的印象，使铭记

【搭配】impress the employees with... 让员工牢记……；be impressed by the performance被精彩的表演所感动

【例句】I had to see her a few times， but what impressed me most were the magazines in her waiting room.我找过她几次，但是给我印象最深的是她的会客室里的杂志。

【链接】impressive a.给人印象深刻的

thrill /θrɪl/

v.（使）非常兴奋（激动）n.[C] ①兴奋，激动②引起激动的事物

【搭配】a thrilling game一场激动人心的比赛；find new thrills for indif-ferent kids为水平一般的孩子们寻找新刺激

【例句】It gave Pat a thrill to finally see the group perform live.帕特终于看到这个乐队现场表演，这令他感到十分激动。

名师点睛

result /rɪˈzʌlt/

n.①[C，U]结果，效果②[C]成绩 vi.①（in）导致②发生

【搭配】release the result of the survey宣布调查结果；result in widespread starvation and disease导致大范围饥荒和疾病；result from employer neg-ligence由于雇主的疏忽所致

【短语】as a result作为结果，因此；as a result of（careless washing）由于（洗涤时不小心），作为……的结果

【例句】Severe consequences can re-sult if the rules of safe driving are not followed.如果不遵守安全驾驶规则就会产生严重的后果。

consequence /ˈkdnsɪkwəns/

n.[C]结果，后果

【搭配】as a consequence因此；se-vere consequences严重后果；produce harmful consequence产生有害的后果

【短语】in consequence因此，结果；in consequence of（one’s rudeness）因（粗野）的缘故，由于

【例句】Before you take any action， please remember to weigh the possible consequences of your decision.在采取任何行动之前，请记得先权衡你的决定可能会产生的后果。

【链接】sequence n.①连续，接续②次序，顺序

impact n./ˈɪmpækt/ v./ɪmˈpækt/

n.①[C]影响，作用②[C，U]冲击v.①影响，作用②冲击

【搭配】have a social/diplomatic im-pact有社会/外交影响；an impact of new ideas on sb新观念对某人的影响；impact of science upon society科学对社会的影响

【例句】The irony is that for all the overexcited debate，the net impact of immigration is minimal.具有讽刺性的是：尽管人们对于移民的争论过于激烈，移民的最终影响却很小。

utility /ju:ˈtɪlɪtɪ/

n.①[U]功用，效用②[常pl.]公共事业

【搭配】a utility vehicle多功能车；the utility value of a dishwasher洗碗机的实用价值

【例句】“Energy service contractors” will pay for retroftting in return for a share of the client’s annual utility-bill savings.“能源服务公司”可以支付所需的设备改造费用，然后将每年客户节约的公共能源费用的一部分作为补偿。

【链接】utilisation n.使用，利用

in uence /ˈɪnfluəns/

n.①[C，U]影响（力）②[U]势力，权势③[C]产生影响的人（或事物） vt.影响（某人或其行为）

【搭配】have/exert an infuence on sb 对某人施加影响；under the influ-ence of hardened criminals受到怙恶不悛的犯罪分子的影响；widespread infuence among members of Congress 在国会成员中的广泛影响；influ-ence sb to take the job使某人受到影响而接受工作

【例句】Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity but also directly infuences our physi-cal and emotional well-being.与他人交流不仅影响我们的认同感，而且也会直接影响我们身体上和情感上的幸福感。

outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/

n.结果

【搭配】the outcome of the experi-ment实验的结果；forecast the final outcome预测最后结果；decide the outcome of a war决定战争的胜负

【例句】Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost.谈到医疗成效及医疗花费，有着合理的基础医疗资源的国家在这方面有着明显的优势。

conclusion /kənˈklu:ʒən/

n.①[C]结论，推论②[C]结尾③[U]缔结，议定

【搭配】bring a matter to a speedy conclusion使事情迅速结束；reach a definite conclusion得到一个确切的结论

【例句】Then you begin to draw all kinds of unpleasant conclusions about yourself.然后你开始得出诸多对自己不满的结论。

同义辨析

result指“最后结果”，与原因（cause）相对，可指好或不好的结果（good/bad result）；consequence带有贬义，一般与动词短语（如answer for/be responsible for）搭配；outcome常指activity/game/election等的最后分晓（即fnal outcome）；impact指思想（idea）、文化活动和社会团体产生的影响（如social/diplomatic impact）和冲击；infuence多指某人的authority/power等的影响力（如a man of great infuence）。