Lesson 7


单词学习

名师点睛
keep /ki:p/
vt.保留,保存
【搭配】keep in touch保持联系;keep their conversation going继续他们的谈话;keep distance from drug addicts远离瘾君子;keep an eye on the weather留意天气;keep tracks on their kids掌握孩子的行踪
【短语】keep back阻止;keep down ①控制②压制,镇压;keep off避开,(使)不接近;keep on继续进行,继续下去;keep to①坚持②坚守,信守;keep up①坚持,继续②使居高不下;keep up with跟上
【例句】You won’t be able to keep it secret forever.你不可能永远保守这个秘密。
conserve /kənˈsʒːv/
vt.①保存,保藏;保护②节约
【搭配】conserve one’s strength保存体力;conserve water/electricity节约水/电
【例句】Forget the old idea that conser-ving energy is a form of self-denial— riding bicycles,dimming the lights,and taking fewer showers.以前说起节约能源就意味着克己:骑自行车、调低光线的亮度和减少洗澡次数。请忘掉这些老一套的理念吧。
preserve /prɪˈzʒːv/
vt.①保护,维持②保存,保藏③腌制n.[C]私人渔猎区,保有领地
【搭配】preserve eyesight保护视力;preserve resources/historic interests保护资源/古迹;preserve meat/eggs in salt腌制肉/蛋;set up preserves设立保护区;preserve their living stand-ards维持他们的生计
【例句】Malena Amusa,a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St.Louis,seesthe project as a way to preserve history as it happens.来自圣路易斯的24岁的作家兼舞蹈家玛莱娜·阿穆萨将此项目视为记录发生中的历史的一种方法。
reserve /rɪˈzʒːv/
vt.①保留,留存②预订n.①[C,U]储备②[C]自然保护区
【搭配】reserve one’s opinion保留自己的意见;reserve a table/ticket/seat预订餐桌/门票/座位;a nature reserve自然保护区
【例句】Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would pro-hibit mass car use anywhere else.人们对环境问题的日益关注以及石油储量的不断减少阻止了汽车在其他地方的广泛使用。
retain /rɪˈteɪn/
vt.保持,保留
【搭配】retain one’s balance保持平衡;retain one’s offce保住自己的职位;retain control over the company仍控制着公司;retain water保持水分
【例句】This is great for her,and for us as we retain someone highly quali-fed.这对她很有帮助,对我们也是,因为我们留住了优秀人才。
sustain /səˈsteɪn/
vt.保持,维持
【搭配】sustain the enthusiasm保持热情;sustain economic growth保持经济增长;sustain one’s interest in sth保持对某事的兴趣
【例句】The political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more diffcult in the United States.在美国,继续维持全球经济一体化的政治挑战将会更加严峻。
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/
vt.①保持,维持②维修,保养
【搭配】maintain law and order/disci-pline维持治安/纪律;maintain close social ties维持紧密的社会关系;maintain the house/railway lines保养房屋/铁路线;maintain their living standard维持他们的生计
【例句】Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and a man about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight.健康学家们建议,为了保持健康的体重,女士和男士平均每天分别应该维持2000和2500卡路里的食物摄入。
uphold /ʌpˈhəʊld/
vt.①维持,保持②维护,支持
【搭配】uphold the government’s right维护政府的权利;uphold a verdict/policy/principle支持某裁定/政策/原则
【例句】Many of the senior citizens of that country uphold ancient traditions. 那个国家的大部分老年人都保持着古老的传统。
同义辨析
keep系常用词,指使继续受控于某种状态;conserve强调节约(如water/electricity)而不浪费,如保存体力(strength);preserve指为免受破坏而保存(如resources/his-toric interests等);reserve常用于保留意见opinion);retain较正式,如retain water(保持水分);sustain指保持持续不息(如enthusiasm/life/economic growth/interest等);maintain表示 维持”时,常与law and order/discipline/good relations搭配。


名师点睛
protect /prəˈtekt/
vt.(为免于受到损坏、攻击、偷盗)保护,保卫
【搭配】protect the environment保护环境;protect the property against losses保护财产免受损失;protect security deposits对押金进行保护;protect children’s right保护孩子的权利;protect turtles from dying out保护海龟免于灭绝
【例句】A review of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at pro-tecting themselves from guaranteed threats.以往的灾难史证明,现在的美国人在保护自己免受必定的威胁方面表现得尤其糟糕。
【链接】protective a.给予保护的
defend /dɪˈfend/
vt.①保护,保卫②为……辩护
【搭配】defend sb from harm保护某人使不受伤害;defend oneself against enemy防御敌人;defend themselves from threats to their exist-ence保护自己的生存不受威胁;a defending lawyer一名辩护律师
【例句】It’s diffcult to defend a sport that involves hurting animals.很难替一项涉及伤害动物的运动辩护。
【链接】defender n.保卫者;defen-dantn.被告
guard /ga:d/
vt.守卫,防御vi.(against)防止,防范n.①[U]警备②[C]警卫员
【搭配】guard against accidents/dis-eases预防意外/疾病;keep sb under close guard把某人置于严密监视下;a security guard保安
【短语】off(one’s)guard不提防,疏忽;on(one’s)guard①站岗,值班②(~against pickpockets)警惕,提防(扒手)
【例句】This was the third bomb scare within a week and we should all be on our guard.这是一周之内的第三起爆炸恐吓,所以我们都应该保持警惕。
shield /ʃi:ld/
vt.保护,防护n.[C]护罩,盾(状物)
【搭配】shield sb from criticism使某人免受批评;shield a country from invasion保护国家不受侵犯;shield one’s eyes against the glare of the sun保护眼睛使之不受阳光伤害
【例句】No federal law shields“transaction and experience”information—mainly the details of your bank and credit card accounts.还没有一部联邦法律来保护“交易往来”信息——主要是你的银行账户和信用卡账户的细目。
secure /sɪˈkjʊə/
vt.①使安全,保卫②得到,获得
【搭配】secure one’s ends达到自己的目的;secure the company’s future使公司前途得到保障;secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危险
【例句】Writer-director Paul Green-grass has gone to great lengths to be respectful in his depiction of what oc-curred,proceeding with the flm only after securing the approval of every victim’s family.编剧兼导演保罗·格林格拉斯用无比虔敬的态度不遗余力地对这个故事进行了描述,拍电影前还特地征求飞机上每一位遇难者家庭的同意。
【链接】security n.安全,保障
safeguard /ˈseɪfga:d/
vt.保护,维护n.[C]预防措施,保证条款
【搭配】safeguard your property保护你的财产;safeguard children against accidents保护小孩防止意外;a safe-guard against losing money防止丢钱的预防措施
【例句】We must safeguard forest tim-ber and stop over-lumbering.我们必须保护森林木材并停止滥伐。
同义辨析
protect指保护某物以免遭受危险或伤害等,常用protect sb from sth/against sth的结构;defend指保护以免受到可能的攻击或伤害,用于defend sb from harm结构;secure指确保不会发生意外等,如secure oneself against/from danger(使自己免于危险)。


名师点睛
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/
n.[U]保存;(对自然资源的)保护,避免浪费
【搭配】the conservation of wildlife 对野生动物的保护
【例句】These days conservation is all about efficiency:getting the same or better results from just a fraction of the energy.现在,节约能源意味着提高能效:用一小部分能源达到同样甚至更好的效果。
preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃən/
n.[U]①保存②保护
【搭配】the preservation of wildlife野生动物保护;the preservation of world peace维护世界和平;the preservation of law and order维护治安
【例句】The paintings were in an ex-cellent state of preservation.这些绘画保存得非常好。
maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/
n.[U]①维持,保持②维修,保养 ③抚养费
【搭配】the maintenance of law法律维护;the maintenance of an automo-bile汽车保养;cost of maintenance 维修费
【例句】I’ll have a maintenance man come over and fx it right away.我会马上找个维修员过来把它修理好。
reservation /ˌrezəˈveɪʃən/
n.①[C](住处、座位等的)预订②[C,U]保留
【搭配】make a reservation at the restaurant在餐馆预订一桌;cancel reservations取消预订;without res-ervation毫无保留地
【例句】If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a reservation.如果你想去听音乐会,就得提前预订。
protection /prəˈtekʃən/
n.[U]保护,防护
【搭配】offer enough protection提供充分的保护;under the protection of a chief在首领保护之下
【例句】The new protection will apply only to renters who have been in an apartment for at least a year.这一新的保护措施只适用于那些至少居住了一年以上的出租人。
stock /stɒk/
n.①[C,U]备料,库存,现货②[C]股份,股票
【搭配】a good stock of information 大批资料
【短语】in stock有现货的,有库存的;out of stock无现货的,脱销的;take stock of(the situation)判断(形势);对……进行评估
【例句】Is college an investment pro-duct like a stock or a consumer prod-uct like a car?大学是像股票一样的投资品还是像汽车一样的消费品?
retention /rɪenʃən/
n.[U]保留,保持
【搭配】quality retention质量保持率;relative retention相对保留
【例句】They advocate the retention of our nuclear power plants.他们主张保留我们的核电站。


名师点睛
persist /pəˈsɪst/
vi.①(in)坚持不懈,执意②持续,继续存在
【搭配】persist in the mass line坚持群众路线;persist in self-reliance坚持自力更生
【例句】It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.其标志为长期的疲惫,甚至持续到恢复期后。
【链接】persistence n.坚持,持续
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/
vt.①坚持,主张②维持,保持
【搭配】maintain one’s innocence坚称自己清白;maintain one’s stand on taxes坚持自己在税收上的立场
【例句】Some administrators maintain that dropouts remain the single greatest problem in their schools.一些管理人员坚称学生辍学是他们学校面临的唯一的最大问题。
urge /ɜːdʒ/
vt.竭力主张,强烈要求n.[C]强烈的欲望
【搭配】urge the equality of nations强调国与国之间的平等;urge the necessi-ty for action竭力主张有必要采取行动
【例句】He urged the importance of earning English-speaking countries’ cultures.他强调学习英语国家文化的重要性。
linger /ˈlɪŋgə/
vi.①(因不愿离开而)继续逗留②(on)继续存留,缓慢消失
【搭配】linger over one’s work磨洋工;(the pain)linger(s)on持续(疼痛);linger away the whole summer消磨掉整个夏天
【例句】Is the experience of having a charismatic black president modifying lingering racist attitudes?是不是拥有一位富有魅力的黑人总统就可缓和一下长久以来存在的种族主义情绪呢?
同义辨析
persist指固执地坚持(做)某事[persist in(doing)sth];maintain多指坚持一种立场(stand);urge强调驱使某人追寻某一目标的外部力量或内心压力,如竭力主张平等(equality)等;linger暗指不忍心或不愿意离去,如linger over one’s work(磨洋工)。


名师点睛
endure /ɪnˈdjəə/
vt.容忍vi.①(长时间地)忍受,忍耐②持续,持久
【搭配】endure humidity/suffering忍受潮湿/苦难;endure cold/heat耐寒/ 热;can’t endure talking to sb不能容忍同某人说话
【例句】The art of life is to know how to enjoy less and to endure more. 生活的艺术在于知道怎样少享受而多忍受。
【链接】endurance n.忍耐力,持久(力),耐久(性)
tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/
vt.忍受,容忍
【搭配】can’t tolerate so much noise无法忍受那么多的噪音;tolerate your carelessness容忍你的粗心大意
【例句】Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing.如果记者们认为他们得到了公平的申辩机会,他们会容忍自己的构想被拒绝。
【链接】tolerance n.忍受,容忍;tolerable a.可容忍的
sustain /səˈsteɪn/
vt.①经受,遭受②支撑
【搭配】sustain damage/losses遭受损害/损失;sustain a great weight承受重力
【例句】The football player sustained a fatal injury.那名足球运动员受了致命伤。
【链接】sustainable a.可承受的
undergo /ˌʌndəˈgəʊ/
vt.经历,遭受
【搭配】undergo an operation接受手术;undergo some major changes经历一些重大变化;undergo a recession 处于衰退期
【例句】Clark felt that his participa-tion in one of the most dramatic medi-cal experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.能够参与这项有史以来最为重大的医学试验,克拉克觉得吃点苦是值得的。
withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
vt.经受,承受;抵住
【搭配】withstand severe tests经得起严峻的考验;withstand the storm顶得住暴风雨;withstand temptation 抵制诱惑
【例句】Bullet-proof glass can with-stand the tremendous impact of a gun-shot.防弹玻璃可抵挡子弹的巨大冲击力。
swallow /ˈswɒləʊ/
vt.①承受(不快的事),使不流露②咽③轻信
【搭配】swallow an insult忍辱
【例句】She swallowed her displeas-ure and smiled.她抑制住不快,强颜欢笑。
同义辨析
endure指长期忍受困难(如humidity/cold/pain/suffering/hardship等)而不屈服;tol-erate主要指容忍与愿望相悖的事(如noise);sustain较正式,表示遭受伤害(dam-age)或损失(losses);withstand常指经受考验(tests),顶住压力(pressure)、诱惑(temptation)。