Lesson 5

单词学习

名师点睛

oppress /əˈpres/

vt.①压迫，压制②使（心情等）沉重，使烦恼

【搭配】oppress sb’s spirits使某人情绪低落；be oppressed by/with worry因忧虑而烦恼；feel oppressed with the heat 热得心烦意乱；be cruelly oppressed by a dictator被独裁者残酷地压迫

【例句】The imperialists exploit and op-press all the peoples of the world.帝国主义者剥削和压迫全世界各族人民。

【链接】oppression n.压迫；压抑

repress /rɪˈpres/

v.压制，抑制

【搭配】repress one’s emotions/tears/laughter抑制感情/忍住眼泪/忍住不笑；a repressed child一个被管得太死的孩子

【例句】Odours are repressed in a fair high pressure centre.气味被抑制在气压颇高的中心区内。

【链接】repressive a.①压制的，专制的，严厉的：a repressive regime/measure/law专制的政权/镇压措施/法律②压抑的，抑制的

suppress /səˈpres/

vt.压制，镇压，封锁

【搭配】suppress the rebellion平息暴乱；suppress information封锁消息；suppress the opposition to the govern-ment镇压反政府势力

【例句】The government suppressed the truth.政府隐瞒了真相。

【链接】suppression n.镇压，平息：the suppression of the revolt平定叛乱

overwhelm /əʊvəˈwelm/

vt.①制服，征服②（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措

【搭配】overwhelm the opposing army 打垮敌军；（sb）be overwhelmed by his generosity他的慷慨令（某人）不所措

【例句】The children were over-whelmed by a feeling of excitement. 孩子们激动万分。

同义辨析

oppress指不公正而且非常残忍地对待某人；repress常用来指抑制感情（emotion）、眼泪（tears）、笑（laughter）等；suppress指使用外力制止某事（如rebellion/oppo-sition）；overwhelm指完全彻底地压倒对方（如opposing army）。

名师点睛

resist /rɪˈzɪst/

vt.①抵抗，反抗，抵制②抗（病等），耐（热等）③忍住，拒受……的影响

【搭配】resist disease/heat抵抗疾病/耐热；resist the aggression/tempta-tion抵抗侵袭/抵制诱惑；can’t resist doing sth忍不住想做某事

【例句】The highway was not built according to today’s strict standards to resist earthquakes.此高速公路不是依照今天严格的抗震标准来建造的。

【链接】resistance n.①反抗，抵制②抵抗力；resistant a.（to）抵抗的，抗……的，耐……的

repel /rɪˈpel/

vt.①击退，逐回，驱除②排斥③使厌恶

【搭配】repel a temptation抵制诱惑；repel heat/moisture抗热/防潮；repel an attack/invasion击退进攻/抵御入侵

【例句】Opposite poles attract，like poles repel.异极相吸，同极相斥。

defy /dɪˈfaɪ/

vt.①（公然）违抗，藐视②使成为不可能③挑，激

【搭配】defy the parents违抗父母（的意愿）；defy one’s strict rules违抗某人的严格管束；defy all attempts to cure怎么治也治不好；defy sb to do sth激某人做某事

【例句】Her odd behaviour defes un-derstanding.她的古怪行为让人无法理解。

【链接】defiance n.挑战，藐视，挑衅：defance against social change对社会变化的反抗

oppose /əˈpəʊz/

vt.反对，反抗

【搭配】oppose doing sth反对做某事；oppose the measures反对这些措施；be opposed to a new plan反对一项新计划；be opposed to sb’s mar-riage反对某人的婚事；vocal oppos-ing camps各执一词的对立阵营

【例句】In fact，every step of the way， as（usually）Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law，business groups have been strongly opposed.事实上，（通常情况下）民主党领导人试图将工作与家庭平衡的措施引入法律时，每走一步都会遭到商业群体的强烈反对。

【链接】oppositionn.①反对②对手：eventually drop its opposition最终放弃反对意见

rebel vi./rɪˈbel/ n./ˈrebə1/

vi.①反叛，造反②反对n.[C]反叛分子，反对者

【搭配】rebel against exploitation反抗剥削；rebel against authority反对权威；rebel against doing sth反对做某事；Rebel Without a Cause《无因的反抗》

【例句】Teenage boys often rebel against their parents.十几岁的男孩往往不会服从父母。

revolt /rɪvəʊlt/

vi.①反叛②反抗，违抗vt.厌恶，使生反感

【搭配】revolt against high taxes反对高额税收；revolt against the govern-ment反对政府；revolt at/against/from the terrible crime对这种发指的罪行深恶痛绝

【例句】The violence in the movie re-volted me.电影中的暴力使我反感。

riot /ˈraɪət/

vi.聚众闹事n.[C]暴乱，闹事

【搭配】crowds rioting in the streets 在街头闹事的人群

【例句】A mob was rioting against the municipal government.一群暴民闹事反对市政府。

同义辨析

resist指积极地抵抗（如disease）、对抗、用武力阻止某事或某物（如aggression）的前进；repel指拒绝接受，甚至包含抵制（如temptation/heat/moisture）的意思；defy指公开、勇敢地反抗（如strict rules/parents），甚至有公然挑衅的意思；oppose尤指反对一种观念、思想、计划（如plan/marriage）等。

名师点睛

challenge /ɪtʃælɪndʒ/

vt.①反对，公然反抗②向……挑战 n.[C，U]挑战

【搭配】challenge sb to a contest向某人提出挑战要求比赛；a challenge to...对……的挑战或公然反抗；face with the grave challenge from...面临来自……的巨大挑战；take up chal-lenges接受挑战

【例句】Martin now faces the biggest challenge of his career.马丁现在面临着他事业上最大的挑战。

object v./əbˈdʒekt/ n./|ɒbdʒIkt/

v.①（to）反对，不赞成②以（某事物）为理由反对某人或某事n.[C]物体

【搭配】object to being monitored反对被监视

【例句】Many students object to the idea that mobile phones should be banned on campus.许多学生对校内禁止使用手机的观点表示反对。

【链接】objective a.客观的

protest v./prəˈtest/

n./ˈprəʊtest/

v.①抗议，反对②严正申明，声辩n.[C，U]抗议，反对

【搭配】protest a decision反对一项决定；lodge/enter a protest against... 对……表示抗议；be no point in protesting没有抗议的必要；make a protest about the rise in prices抗议价格上涨；do sth under protest不情愿地干某事

【例句】The landlords lobby protested that it would involve too much paper-work over too little money.房东游说团反对说，这将会因为一点小钱而增加太多的文书工作。

counter /ˈkaʊntə/

vt.对抗，反驳ad.反方向地，对立地

【搭配】counter sb’s proposal反对某人的建议；act counter to one’s promise言行不一；run counter to... 与……相抵触，违反……

【例句】I hit him and he quickly coun-tered.我打了他，他立即还击。

【链接】counterclockwise a.&ad.逆时针方向（的）：in a counterclock-wise direction沿逆时针方向

refute /rɪˈfju:t/

vt.驳斥，驳倒

【搭配】refute an opponent驳倒对手；refute a statement驳斥一种说法；be refuted convincingly被心悦诚服地驳倒

【例句】I knew that he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.我知道他在说谎，但是我没有证据可反驳他编的故事。

retort /rɪˈtɔ:t/

v.反驳，回嘴n.[C]反驳，回嘴

【搭配】retort upon sb反驳某人；retort an argument against sb=retort sb’s argument反驳某人的论据；say a few words in retort反驳几句；make a quick retort立刻反驳

【例句】He retorted that it was my fault as much as his.他反驳说我的错误并不比他的少。

contest /kənˈtest/

vt.对……提出质疑，辩驳

【搭配】contest sb’s right对某人的权利提出质疑；contest the judge’s de-cision抗辩法官所做的判决；contest a statement对一项声明提出质疑

【例句】You have no reason to contest this will.你没有理由来质疑这份遗嘱。

contradict /ɪkɒntrəˈdɪkt/

vt.①反驳②与……抵触

【搭配】contradict a testimony驳斥证词；contradict his principles与他的信条相矛盾

【例句】I don’t think it is a sensible option for a football player to contra-dict the referee in a football match.我认为足球运动员在比赛中顶撞裁判是不明智的选择。

同义辨析

object侧重于对态度和观点（如proposal）的反对，常用object to sth/doing sth结构；protest表示公开场合下反对；refute可表示用推理方式成功地批驳了某一论点（statement）；retort表示对指责、批评或攻击等做出尖锐的回答；contradict指明确地反驳对方的话（testimony），暗示相信与之相反的东西或说法是真实的和正确的。

名师点睛

refuse v./rɪˈfju:z/ n./|refju:s/

v.拒绝，不接受，不同意n.[U]废物，垃圾

【用法】refuse后面常跟动词不定式做宾语，不跟动名词。

【搭配】refuse sb’s proposal拒绝某人的求婚；refuse sb’s entry把某人拒之门外；refuse to trim extracurricular activities拒绝减少课外活动；pour out/heap refuse倾倒/堆积废弃物

【例句】The accused refused to plead guilty in court.被告在法庭上拒绝认罪。

【链接】refusal n.拒绝

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/

v.谢绝，拒绝

【搭配】decline an offer/invitation拒绝提议/谢绝邀请；decline to make a statement拒绝发表声明

【例句】Cinderella had to decline the prince and returned home before 12 o’clock at night.灰姑娘不得不谢绝王子，在晚上12点之前赶回家。

reject /rɪˈdʒekt/

vt.拒绝

【搭配】（sb）be rejected by the army 拒绝某人入伍；reject an offer of help 拒绝别人提供的帮助

【例句】It is almost certain that our of-fer will be rejected.几乎可以肯定我们的提议会被否决。

deny /dɪˈnaɪ/

vt.①拒绝给予②否认，不承认

【搭配】deny sb’s admission拒绝某人入场；deny having done sth否认做过某事；deny his parents’strict rules反抗父母严格的管束；There is no denying that...……是毋庸置疑的

【例句】These structural barriers deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens.这些结构性障碍剥夺了他们数百万同胞的民主权利和机会。

【链接】denial n.①否认②拒绝，拒绝给予

同义辨析

refuse指不客气或无理地拒绝，其后可跟proposal/entry/consent等；decline指礼貌地拒绝帮助、邀请或服务等；reject指以否定、敌对的态度当面断然拒绝别人提供的帮助（an offer of help）或建议（suggestion）等；deny表示直言否认事物的存在或真实性，拒绝给予或拒绝入场（admission）。

名师点睛

neglect /nɪˈglekt/

vt.①忽视，忽略②疏忽，玩忽n.[U]疏忽，玩忽

【搭配】neglect one’s duties玩忽职守；neglect one’s meals and sleep废寝忘食；neglect exploration忽略钻研

【例句】It turns out，according to Grif-fn，that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land（as egg-laying fe-males，as eggs and as hatchlings），we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean.按照格里芬的说法，是这样的：我们对保护海龟们在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好（照顾产卵的母海龟，照顾龟卵，照顾小海龟），但是我们忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。

【链接】neglectful a.①马虎的②不重视的，忽视的

ignore /ɪgˈnɔ:/

vt.不顾，不理，忽视

【搭配】ignore speed limit不顾时速限制；ignore personal danger不顾个人安危；ignore the fact全然不顾事实

【例句】They ignored many of the memorandums they received.他们忽略了收到的许多备忘录。

【链接】ignorant a.①（of）不知道的②无知的，愚昧的；ignorance n.无知，愚昧

overlook /ˌəʊvəˈluk/

vt.忽视，忽略，未注意到

【搭配】overlook some little details忽略某些琐碎的细节；overlook a print-ing error未注意到一个印刷上的错误

【例句】Despite the great advantages of owning a private car，the disadvan-tages of it ought not to be overlooked. 尽管拥有私家车有很多好处，但它的不利方面也不应该被忽视。

omit /əʊˈmɪt/

vt.①遗漏，疏忽②省略，删节

【搭配】omit an item from a list从表中删去一项；omit all unnecessary details删除所有不必要的细节

【例句】He omitted reading the second page.他漏读了第二页。

【链接】omission n.①省略，删除，免除②遗漏，疏忽

disregard /ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑːd/

vt.不理会，漠视n.[U]忽视，漠视

【搭配】disregard sb’s warnings不理会某人的警告；disregard all difficulties不顾一切困难；have a disregard for rank不计较地位

【例句】We cannot disregard his com-ing late to work so often.对他上班经常迟到的现象，我们不能视而不见。

scorn /skɔ:n/

vt.①鄙视，嘲笑②拒绝，不屑（做）n.[U]轻蔑，鄙视

【搭配】scorn all diffculties藐视一切困难；express one’s scorn for sb轻视某人；pour scorn on sb’s suggestions 对某人的建议不屑一顾

【例句】You have no right to scorn a poor girl.你没有权利嘲笑一个可怜的女孩子。

despise /dɪˈspaɪz/

vt.鄙视，看不起

【搭配】despise people with humble origins鄙视出身卑微的人；despise cheap clothes看不上便宜的衣服

【例句】Strategically we despise dif-ficulties，and tactically we take them seriously.我们在战略上藐视困难，从战术上重视困难。

同义辨析

neglect指对某人或某物（如the disabled/meals and sleep）没有或很少给予注意或关心；ignore指不愿给予注意或故意不予理会（如speed limit/advice）；omit后可跟动名词或动词不定式（to do结构）；disregard指无视或忽略某事物（如warning/diffculty），认为它没有价值或不屑一顾。