1.5 Lesson 2
Lesson 2

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单词学习

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名师点睛

strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/

vt.加强,巩固,增强

【搭配】strengthen the government’s role加强政府职能;strengthen sb’s resolve增强某人的决心;strengthen national defense巩固国防

【例句】By raising a family’s stan-dard of living,a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.通过提高家庭的生活水平,有工作的妻子也许会增强家庭经济和情感的稳定性。

【链接】strength n.①力,力气②实力③强度

intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/

v.(使)增强,(使)加剧

【搭配】intensify one’s efforts加倍努力;(the war/drought)intensifes(战争/旱情)加剧;intensify the strug-gle for peace加紧争取和平的斗争;intensify the patrols along the frontier 加强边境沿线的巡逻

【例句】Efforts to reach the injured men have been intensifed because of a sudden deterioration in weather condi-tions.天气骤然变坏,所以加快了寻找伤员的工作节奏。

consolidate /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/

v.①巩固,加强②合并

【搭配】consolidate one’s position/power巩固地位/权力;consolidate to form a company合并组建一个公司

【例句】The company has consolidat-ed its hold on the market.公司已加强了对市场的控制。

【链接】consolidation n.①巩固②合并

reinforce /ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s/

vt.①加强,强化②加固③增援④补充

【搭配】reinforce a wall加固墙体;reinforce an army增援军队;rein-force provisions补充供应品;rein-force one’s argument/hopes支持论点/增强希望;reinforce the notion of proft强化利润的观念

【例句】Newspapers like this tend to reinforce people’s prejudices.这一类报纸往往会增加人们的偏见。

heighten /ˈhaɪtn/

v.(使)提高,加强

【搭配】heighten one’s fear增加恐惧感;heighten the effect of the exhibition 增强展览的效果;a heightened aware-ness of the problem对问题的更深认识

【例句】The violent events heightened anti-war feeling in America.这些暴力事件加剧了美国人的反战情绪。

highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/

vt.强调,突出,使显著n.[C]最精彩的部分,最重要的事件

【搭配】highlight the issue强调这一问题;the highlight of our trip to Lon-don我们伦敦之行最精彩的部分

【例句】It is,more important,an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of“racial defi-cits”of all kinds.更重要的是要开展教育运动,使人们重视同一时期出现的各种“种族赤字”。

emphasise/-ize /ˈemfəsaɪz/

vt.强调,着重,加强……的语气

【搭配】emphasise the fact that...强调……的事实;emphasise what he said强调他所讲的话;emphasise parents’legal responsibilities强调父母的法律责任

【例句】Still others emphasise the role of race,arguing that foreigners add to the nation’s fears and insecurities.还有一些人强调种族的作用,认为外国人加剧了民族的恐惧和不安全感。

【链接】emphatically ad.强调地;用力地

stress /stres/

vt.强调,着重;重读n.[C,U]①压力,紧张②应力③强调

【搭配】stress self-interest over busi-ness ethics强调个人利益高于商业道德;lay a particular stress on punctu-ality特别强调要准时;under a lot of stress在重压下;contribute to stress-related disorders导致与压力有关的失调

【例句】The emotional and physical stress,however,that occurs due to odd working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction.然而,由不固定的工作时间所产生的情绪上和身体上的压力是对自己事业产生不满情绪的主要原因。

underline /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/

vt.①强调,突出②在……下面画线

【搭配】underline sb’s idea强调某人的看法;underline sb’s responsibility 强调某人的责任;underline a word 在单词下面画线

【例句】The two leaders underline that the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile(ABM) Treaty is a vital cornerstone of global strategic security.两位领导人强调1972年的《反弹道导弹条约》是全球战略安全的基石。

同义辨析

intensify指一事物(如war/drought)显著加深、加强;consolidate强调巩固(如po-sition/power)、充实;reinforce表“增援”,一般用于军队(army)或警察的行动,也表示以添加材料等加固某物(如wall等);underline强调情感(如idea/responsi-bility)等问题。

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名师点睛

weaken /ˈwi:kən/

v.(使)变弱,(使)减弱,削弱

【搭配】weaken the trend减弱趋势;weaken sb’s power削弱某人的权力;further weaken the economy进一步削弱经济

【例句】In any case,cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.无论如何,红包能削弱即使是最高贵的人的决心。

dilute /daɪˈlu:t/

vt.①稀释,冲淡②削弱a.稀释的,冲淡的

【搭配】dilute the infuence of sb削弱某人的影响力

【例句】Dilute the orange juice with six parts of water.用六份水冲淡橙汁。

deteriorate /dɪˈtɪərɪəreɪt/

vi.①恶化,变坏②演变成

【搭配】his deteriorating health他日益恶化的健康状况;deteriorate rapidly on contact with air接触到空气就迅速变质;balance of trade deteriorate(s) 贸易差额扩大

【例句】The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel.这场讨论演变成了激烈的争吵。

【链接】deterioration n.恶化,变坏:a deterioration in superpower relations 超级大国之间关系的恶化

aggravate /ˈægrəveɪt/

vt.加重,加剧;使恶化

【搭配】aggravate itch越弄越痒;ag-gravate shortage of food加剧了粮食短缺

【例句】The increasing popularity of the scooter has aggravated the problem, providing more water vehicles to com-pete for the same space.摩托艇的日益流行加剧了这一问题,使得更多的水上交通工具为争取同一空间相互竞争。

corrupt /kəˈrʌpt/

vt.腐蚀,使堕落a.堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的

【搭配】corrupt national character腐蚀民族精神;corrupt a tax official with money向税务官员行贿

【例句】Assuming that your teacher is neither biased nor corrupt and that her system conforms to school rules,you can’t fault her ethics.假如,你的老师既不偏心也不腐化,且她的方法符合学校的规定,你就不能指责她没有职业道德。

【链接】corruption n.腐败,贪污,堕落

decay /dɪkeɪ/

vi.①腐烂,腐朽②衰败,衰落n. [U]①腐烂②衰败状态

【搭配】fall into decay开始腐烂;decaying food/nations腐烂的食物/衰败的国家

【例句】At the end of the second year, the latter group had 53%fewer de-cayed teeth than the former group.第二年年底时,后一组的蛀牙比第一组少53%。

rot /rɒt/

v.(使)腐烂,(使)腐朽n.[U]腐烂,腐朽

【搭配】rot the fbres of clothing使衣服的纤维腐烂

【例句】Candy will rot your teeth.吃糖会蛀坏牙齿。

degrade /dɪˈgreɪd/

vt.①降低……的身份,有辱……的人格②使降解③使恶化

【搭配】degrade sb’s status降低某人的身份;degrade oneself by cheating 因欺骗而有辱自身人格

【例句】Black plastic starts to degrade upon exposure to sunlight.黑色塑料一暴露在阳光下就会开始降解。

degenerate vi./dɪˈdʒenəreɪt/ a.&n./dɪ|dʒenərɪt/

vi.衰退,堕落,恶化a.衰退的,退化的n.[C]堕落者

【搭配】a rapidly degenerating health 迅速恶化的健康状况;degenerate sb with freedom放任某人使其堕落;a degenerate species退化的物种;a degenerate member of a noble family贵族家庭的没落成员

【例句】The argument soon degene-rated into a brawl.辩论很快就演变成了一场对骂。

【链接】degeneration n.恶化

crumble /ˈkrʌmbə1/

vi.①崩溃,瓦解②坍塌,碎裂vt.弄碎

【搭配】crumble to dust碎成粉末crumble away into the sea消失在海中;a crumbling church破败的教堂

【例句】Opposition to the new law soon crumbled.反对新法律的势力很快就瓦解了。

同义辨析

weaken常和权力(power)、经济(economy)搭配,也可表减弱趋势(trend);aggravate指加重负担、罪行、病情等;decay指(vegetable/tooth)从健全的状态或完整的状况下腐烂或变坏的全过程;degrade指身份(status)、地位或等级(如 currency)方面的降低;crumble表示分裂、破裂或粉碎状(crumble to dust)。

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名师点睛

press

/pres/

v.①压,按,挤②压榨,压迫③催促,逼迫

【搭配】press the shutter按快门;press oil out of peanuts从花生里榨油;be pressed with want迫于穷困;press employees to work longer强迫工人延长工作时间;press Congress for better privacy laws敦促国会出台能更好保护隐私的法律;pressing work schedule紧张的工作安排;hard-pressed tenants被催逼房租的房客

【短语】press on(with)(the work)加紧(工作)

【例句】Crowds pressed around her trying to get her autograph.人们围在她身边,争着要她签名。

compress /kəmˈpres/

vt.压紧,压缩

【搭配】compress lips抿紧双唇

【例句】He compressed his report into

three pages.他把报告压缩成了三页。

condense /kənˈdens/

v.①浓缩,压缩,简缩②(使)冷凝,(使)凝结

【搭配】condense the speech缩短发言(时间);a condensed account of an event对一个事件的简要叙述;con-dense air into liquid把空气压缩成液体

【例句】Every time at the end of the Elite Forum(Phoenix TV programme), the lecturer is asked to condense his/ her speech into only one sentence.每次在《世纪大讲堂》(凤凰卫视节目)尾声的时候,演讲者都应要求把发言简述成一句话。

crush /krʌʃ/

vt.①压碎,碾碎,粉碎②镇压,制服,压垮

【搭配】be crushed to death被压死;crush one’s way through the crowd 挤过人群;a crushing defeat惨败;crush sb’s hopes使某人的希望破灭

【例句】His computer was crushed in the accident.他的电脑在事故中被压碎了。

squeeze /skwi:z/

v.①挤,挤出②压榨,榨取③捏,握n.[C]①挤,榨,捏②少量的事物③拮据,困难

【搭配】squeeze oneself into the bus 挤上公共汽车;squeeze through the door挤过这扇门;squeeze the juice out of a lemon榨出柠檬汁;squeeze money out of/from sb向某人榨取钱财;put the squeeze on sb给某人施加压力;feel squeezed感到手头拮据

【例句】Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour.解除初级护理医生单位时间内多看病人的压力。

pinch /pɪntʃ/

v.①捏,掐②夹痛n.[C]①捏②(一)撮,微量

【搭配】pinch sb’s arm hard使劲拧某人的胳膊;pinch off/out the young shoots掐掉嫩枝

【短语】at/in a pinch必要时,在紧急关头;feel the pinch感到手头拮据

【例句】I had to pinch myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming.我不得不拧了我自己一下以证实我不是在做梦。

grind /graɪnd/

vt.①磨,磨碎,碾碎②(down)折磨,压迫③挤压vi.摩擦得吱吱作响

【搭配】grind sth to pieces碾碎某物;grind the teeth咬牙切齿

【短语】grind out①生拼硬凑地写出②沉闷单调地演奏(乐曲)

【例句】In anger,he ground his knee into the man’s stomach,and hit him in the face.盛怒之下,他用膝盖顶了那人的肚子,并扇了他耳光。

同义辨析

press指施加压力,用力按压,也可指迫于某种困境(如want);compress指被压缩的东西仍然保持原来的整体,只是体积小了。