3．Numbers数字

In business writing numbers below ten are written as words;in general usage，however，numbers below 100 are written as words．These are obvious differences in the writing of numerals．The important consideration is that you use a uniform style—do not write an amount of money，for example，in two different ways—and that the numbers can be read as easily aspossible．

一般写作中，100以内的数目可写成一个单词，而商务英语写作中，通常10以内的数目写成一个单词，这是两者的显著区别。另外，无论在何种写作中，总要注意表达法的前后一致。下面是数字要写成单词的几种情况。

Numbers as Words

Unless otherwise indicated，follow these rules for writing numbers．Write these numbers as words:

a．Numbers below and indicating ten when such numbers are used individually

表示10以内的数目且单独使用

Julia called at least six times about the shipment．

I read three or four of the letters about the lost shipment．

Large round numbers over a million are spelled out:$ 20 million，6 billion．

b．Any number beginning a sentence．If the number is large，rewrite the sentence so that the number no longer comes at the beginning

数字置于句首，倘若数字太大，则需改变句子结构使其不致出现在句首

Thirteen districts have reported that this new product line is a smashing success．

Avoid:Two thousand four hundred and fifty signatures were on the petition．

Use:The petition contained 2，450 signatures．

c．Round or Indefinite Numbers

整数或不确定的数目

A hundred files were lost in the fire．

I thought that there were several thousand people at the rally．

d．Fractions Standing Alone

单独使用的分数

Prices will be cut one third to one half of the regular prices．

e．Periods of time unless such figures are used in credit terms or interest rates

时间期限（除非用于信贷条款或银行利息）

Ms．Howard finished the work in twelve hours．

Collins worked for the company for twenty-five years．

But:The loan is due in 90 days．

Numbers as Figures

Write these numbers as figured:

在下列情况下一般则要写成数字：

a．Exact numbers over ten

超过10的具体数字

There were 14 typing errors on the page．

He interviewed 27 applicants for the job．

b．Two or more numbers in a sentence

一句话中有两个或两个以上的不同数字

If two numbers immediately follow one another，the smaller number is usually spelled out and the larger one is written in figures．If the numbers are unrelated，they can be separated by commas．All numbers in a series of three or more are written as figures．

如果两个数字紧密相连，较小的数字常用单词写出，而较大数字则以数字标出。如果两个数目毫无关系，则以逗号分隔。

30 thirteen-cent stamps

In 1987，429 fires were started by carelessness．

We received separate orders for 2，8，and 12 of the calculators．

c．Days of the month when they come after the month

月份后的日期

July 10　February 1　March 12

d．House and street numbers over ten

门牌号或街道数字超过10

Numbered streets below ten use ordinal endings—First，Tenth—but numbered streets over ten can be written without the ordinal endings．

One Fifth Avenue　1600 Tenth Street

1600 West 109 Street　1600－109 Street

e．Exact time or when A．M．or P．M．is used

使用A．M．或P．M表示上下午时，有具体的时刻

10:30　8 P．M．

f．Amounts of Money

金钱的数目

$ 10　25 cents　3 cents　$ 10，000　$ 55．45

g．Percentages;weights;measures;dimensions;distances;degrees;capacities;page numbers;person's age in months，days，and years;and bond and financial quotations

百分数、重量、容积、距离、温度、体积、页码、年龄以及股票和金融报价等

70 percent　50 pounds　60 miles

90 degrees　40 feet　page 75

25 years　6 months　22 days

Notes

1．findings：（always in the plural form）something learnt as the result of an official enquiring调查结果

The findings of the committee on this accident turned out to be rather surprising．

2．engender：to produce or be the cause of a state or a condition产生，酿成

It is said that poverty tends to engender crimes．

We should pay great attention to those flies that carry dirt，because dirt engenders disease．

3．in depth：going beneath the surface appearance of something，especially if done with greatthoroughness深入，彻底

They made a study in depth of the project．

The team has been devoted to exploring the subject in depth for quite a long time．

4．retail price：the price that the manufacturer of a product advises or decides the retailers to charge when selling to the customer（as opposed to the wholesale price）零售价

5．division director：a person in charge of a division or a department of a company部门经理

6．substantiate：to prove the truth of something said or claimed确证

Can you substantiate your claim in a court of law?

I intend to substantiate my statement by showing some examples．

7．profile：a short description of a person's life and character，as given on television or in a newspaper传略，简介

This program has displayed a profile of modern British Commerce．

The reporter has given a profile of the new Prime Minister in the Morning Newspaper.

8．homemaker：a house wife，who is in charge of the housework without going out to work家庭主妇

9．bibliographical information，or bibliography：a list of all writing used in the preparation of a book，an article or a report，etc．，usually appear at the end参考书目

10．word-processing：a program aimed for office use，with arrangements for editing文字处理

11．work load：the amount of work which a person or an organization has to do，or is responsible for getting done工作量

12．longhand：ordinary handwriting，with words written in full，as compared with typing or shorthand普通书写

13．questionnaire：a printed list of questions especially in consumer research to obtain information about opinions，tastes and habits of the public问卷调查

14．supervise：to have the responsibility for seeing that the work of others is properly done监督supervision（n.）监督

This employee can be trusted to work without being supervised．

Mistakes are usually due to bad supervision．

15．flyleaf：one or two sheets of blank paper respectively placed at the beginning and end of a book，a report，etc．（书籍）空白页，衬页

16．title fly：a page in a book with only the title on it书名页

17．title page：a page bearing a lot of things on it，such as the complete title，the writer，the publishing house，the publishing date，etc．扉页

18．letter of authorization：the letter showing from whose order the letter is to be composed授权书；also authorize（v.）授权，许可

The board authorized the secretary to affix the company's seal to the contract．

Our material buyer has authorized payment of your invoice．

19．trend line：a general direction or course of development走势

Review Exercises

Ⅰ．Correct any mistakes in the following sentences．

1．The title of her speech is“Creative Planning For Executives．”

2．Thomas has worked for the Company since 1984，when he was graduated from a Business School．

3．After we meet with the manager of our Tokyo office，we will take a two-week tour of the orient．

4．One of the articles that Maria suggested is“How To Own And Operate Your Own Business．”

5．By March 15 we expect to have all our employees in our new quarters in the henson building on park avenue．

6．The head of our Benefits Department，Benjamin，is now in puerto rico．

7．Our Spring styles will be slightly delayed，but the brochures will still be available on time．

8．Among the sponsors of the television series are the manufacturers of Kleenex Tissues and Westinghouse Refrigerators．

9．Our conventions are held on a rotating basis．According to the schedule，next year's meeting will be in the south;the following year，in the east．

Ⅱ．Most of the errors in the following paragraph are capitalization errors—but not all．Find and correct each error．

The keynote speaker for next Saturdays'dinner meeting of the Glenwood civic association

will be Dr．Van，a Former Professor of Psychology．The title of Dr．Vans'speech is“the

Need for Improved Productivity among Office Workers．”Admission is free to Members．

Ⅲ．Are abbreviations used correctly in the following sentences?Should any additional words be abbreviated?

1．Next Tues．Mister Valdez will give export testimony at a hearing in New York．

2．When Doctor Franklin approves this purchase order，we will send the orig．copy to the Order Dept．

3．Among the computer cos．that have agreed to display their products are Apple，Wang，I．B．M．，and Microsoft．

4．Francis X．Simmons，PhD，is the director of the Training Department．

5．Full payment of all out standing premiums on Policy Number 83－1334－8743 must be received no later than June 14．

6．The person who was named to chair the committee is William Carlos McKenzie Junior．

7．If your package weighs more than 5 lbs．，then you should consider sending it by another method．

8．Gov．Clay is scheduled to attend the fund raiser on Sat．Isn't she?

Ⅳ．Correct any errors in the following sentences，and see how well you understand the rulesfor writing numbers．

1．If you would like to have 2 or 3 more copies of the brochure，just call me．

2．Territory A has the fewest number of sales representatives，six;B has nine;C has 16;and D and E have 22 each．

3．We asked whether the microcomputer could handle the records for all our four hundred and fifty active patients．

4．The property at 575 45 Street is still for sale，but the owners have lowered their asking price to $ 95，000．00．

5．Although we wanted to rent office space at 1 Park Avenue，we found that the cost was too high at this prestigious address．

6．Only nine of our staff of 17 telemarketing representatives have been with the company more than a year or two．

Ⅴ．In the following sentences，please underline any words that should be capitalized，that are incorrectly capitalized，or that contain errors in the writing of numbers or abbreviations．

1．On Mar．first Mr．Horton left on American airlines for Calif．for a 2－wk．vacation．

2．My Check #475 for 27 dollars was issued Aug．1 in payment of the monthly statement．

3．After Aug．31st John's address will change from 634 S．W．12 month Street to 4101 2d St．

4．Mr．Jas．Norman，Junior，will replace his father，Mr．Jas．Norman，Senior，as pres．of the co．on 7/1/10．

5．Judy has worked as a Computer Analyst for Standard Mfg．Co．for 7 yrs．

6．Our neighborhood Grocery Store is open 7 days a wk．and has been in business since the Fall of nineteen seventy．

7．I think Saint Thos is an island in the Caribbean．

8．The cost of the new Smith Bldg．on 5th Ave．will be twenty million dollars，and it will not be finished before the Spring of'02．

9．The savings and loan Co．lent Mr．Jones twenty thousand dollars for 3 yrs at eight percent interest．

10．Bill's Summer cottage is one hundred miles North of the city in the Blue Mts．

Writing Practice

1．Study and analyze the following sample report which is a highly condensed version of a report that has the basic components of a report．

Report of the Task Force on Teaching Enhancement

Summary．At the request of Provost Tchitchikov，an all-university committee，the Task Force on Teaching Enhancement，was formed to investigate the feasibility of setting up a center to enhance teaching here at Northwest Central University．After soliciting input from students and colleagues and investigating what has been done at other institutions，the Task Force unanimously recommends that a Center for the Enhancement of University Teaching be established．

Body of the report．The Task Force met on a monthly basis，and members of the Task Force also participated in a weekend retreat．Members attended several conferences dealing with teaching at the college level and invited several experts on the subject to address it．The Task Force also solicited comments from faculty by sending letters out and putting an advertisement in the campus newspaper．We received numerous replies，most of which were supportive and positive．Several subcommittees were formed to investigate how a center might be funded，how it would function，and who would direct it．

Recommendations．It was decided that:1)the Center should be seen as a faculty resource that would help teachers develop their teaching skills and be shielded from retention and tenure considerations;2)it should be housed on the campus and be readily accessible to all faculty members;3)and provide for an assistant director，a full-time secretary，and adequate funds for computers，stationery，and other needed supplies．

Summary of the Findings．The committee recommends that this Center be established by the end of the current academic year，despite the current budgetary problems;the committee believes this Center will greatly enhance the quality of instructions on this campus．

Appendix．①The charge to the Task Force;②A list of Task Force members;③Faculty letters;④A report on teaching centers at other institutions;and⑤Suggestions about how the proposed Teaching Center will operate．

Ⅱ．Your supervisor has asked you to investigate the methods used to conserve energy in five firms in your area．Assume that you have interviewed five employees of different firms．Prepare a report of your findings．

Ⅲ．Survey your class or a group of about 20 students to determine what kinds of jobs in what kinds of business they hope to have by the time they are thirty years old．Prepare a visual aid—a table，a chart，a graph，or trend lines—that would display your data most effectively．