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Description tells how a thing looks．It presents one definite impression of a person，thing，or place．This one definite impression is the result of selecting only qualities that contribute to this one impression．Although description plays an important role in fiction，it is also useful in nonfiction．It is especially advantageous in journalism，sports writing，technical writing，and advertising．

描写一般通过表现感觉的细节展开，描述人们对人、事物、地点的印象和感受。描写一般用于虚构性写作，但在非虚构类的写作如游记、体育报道、科技写作及广告中也有所应用。

Narrative（记叙）

Narration is story-telling．It is the most common and easiest form of composition．Advertising writers use a combination of narration and description a lot in advertisement．However，narrative and descriptive material is usually only a small part of business composition．

记叙是讲述一个事件或一系列事件。广告策划人通常将记叙和描写相结合以取得更好的效果。在商务英语写作中这两类手法所占比例较小。

Expositive（说明）

Exposition is simply explanation．Since your main purpose is to explain a fact or an idea，clearness should be your main objective．It is important，therefore，to make an outline when you write exposition．Using concrete illustrations will also help make your writing clear．Exposition is used in nonfiction writing—textbooks，magazine articles，specifications，business letters，and reports．

说明就是解释或阐述。说明要做到清楚明晰，首先必须围绕一个主题思想列出提纲。有时也可以借助具体的数据图表使得说明的意图更为清晰透彻。这一类手法在非虚构性写作如教科书、期刊杂志、产品说明及商务信函及报告等方面有广泛应用。

Persuasive（议论）

Persuasion or argument is what you use every day．Its purpose is not merely to explain but to convince or persuade．The field of advertising uses argument extensively．Argument tries to prove that a statement is true or false．Argument should appeal primarily to judgment rather than to the emotions．Careful thought is essential．You need to use facts or ideas to prove your point．Your aim is to win others over to your side of the question．

议论或劝说的目的不是去解释而是说服并使之确信。广告中经常采用这一手法，以证明某一个观点是对是错。议论往往诉诸人的理智和判断力而非人的情感，因此写作前必须深思熟虑。你的目的是为了说服对方改变原先的主意或立场，因此你必须有足够的事实和证据来证实你的主要论点。

1．recruitment：the process of finding，choosing and engaging suitable new employees for an organization招聘

2．elaborate（on）：to add more detail to something详尽说明

Just tell us the plain facts and don't elaborate on them．

The reporter asked the president to elaborate a little on his budget plan．

3．resume，or CV，or Curriculum Vitae（Latin：course of one's life）：a short account of a person's education，qualifications and past work in order to give some ideas of the applicant's fitness of the job履历表

4．trying：hard to deal with，painstaking费力的，恼人的

The small print of the paper is trying to our eyes．

She had a trying time working hard in the office and studying hard at home．

5．distinction：a special mark of honor；the quality of being unusual荣誉；卓越

These are the highest distinctions to businessmen that have been given by government．

He has served with distinctions for many years in our company．

6．command：the ability to control and use掌握，运用

The boss remarked that I had a great command of the English language．

He has a good command of spoken French．

7．tax consultant：a professional adviser giving directions and suggestions to the business with which he is employed on tax matters税务顾问

8．community：a group of people living together and/or united by shared interests，religions，etc．社区

The community centre is quite near to my flat．

The Polish community in Britain has successfully kept its language and way of life alive for 50 years．

9．Ext．，the shortened form of extension：a telephone line extending the outside through a private branch exchange to an instrument in a room（电话）分机

10．civil engineering：the planning，building，and repairing of public works，such as roads，bridges，large public projects，etc．土木工程

11．covering letter：a letter or note containing an explanation or additional information，sent with a parcel or enclosed in another letter说明信，附函

12．marital status：conditions of one's marriage婚姻状况

13．file：to put（papers，letters，etc．）into a cover in order to preserve them in a methodicalsystem for later reference存档thus a collection of such covers kept in an orderly arrangement is called a file档案

One of a secretary's routines is to put all these correspondences on file before leaving the office．

A record that is no longer in use can be called a dead file．

14．associate：a person who is a member of a society but with only limited rights；or a person connected with another in business准会员；合伙人

A young，partly-trained lawyer was recently awarded associate of our club．

Paul and John are associates in business．

15．curriculum，or curricula（pl．）：a course of study offered in a school or a college课程

16．managing director：a company director who holds special powers to manage the day-to-day affairs of the company，also called chief executive officer or CEO总裁，首席执行官

17．budget：an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated period，used as a guide in making financial arrangements预算

balance budget平衡预算；deficit budget赤字预算

18．EEC，the shortened form of European Economic Community：an association of western European countries to bring by stages a state of complete economic unity and a common market among its members欧共体

19．heavy-duty：（of machines）made to be used a lot，or strong enough for rough treatment重型的，耐用的

The workers used heavy-duty trucks for hauling logs down the mountains．

The vehicle has heavy duty tyres．

20．trade exhibition，or trade fair：a large commercial and industrial display for buyers and sellers to meet and do business商品展销会

21．quota：a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or exports of a particular article or commodity配额

22．leader：something produced by a business and sold very cheaply to interest buyers in other goods（吸引顾客的）廉价品

23．distributor：a retailer who has arranged with one more suppliers to sell a product or a range of products经销商

24．endorsement：a formal written document expresses approval or support of one's opinions，actions，etc．；or the name written on the back of a check赞同；背书

I give my endorsement to the new plan．

A check with blank endorsement can be paid to anyone who presents the check．

25．travel agency：a business that arranges for travels or journeys such as accommodation，insurance，visas，etc．，in return for a commission旅行社

travel agent旅行社代理人

Ⅰ．Read the following paragraphs and see if you can summarize each paragraph with one sentence．

Billions of dollars are spent every year on sales letters．Only one in six of these letters is ever read．Are yours among the efficient sixth?You should know that you could double your business by making your letters more compelling for people to read．

Learn to make your letters clear，emphatic，and forceful．You can do it by studying Business English Writing，which is a practical guide for practical people．It contains all the principles you need to know in order to write effectively．In addition，each principle is covered thoroughly in a traditional sequence．

Ⅱ．Use the following outline to write a letter for your college to prospective students．

1．Acknowledge inquiries．

2．Explain advantages of the college．

3．Give information on fees and entrance requirements．

4．Describe cultural advantages of the location of the college．

5．Express a desire to give further information．

6．Express a wish of welcoming the reader as a student．

Ⅲ．Make each of the following sentences the topic sentence of a paragraph．You may follow your teacher's directions as to the choice and number of topics on which you should write．

1．I find it difficult to find time to read a book a week．

2．Last Wednesday was an unusually busy day for me．

3．Of all my studies，I have gained the most from World Finance．

4．There are more ways than one of having a good time in the New Year's Party．

5．A cheap used car is often an expensive investment．

6．Televisions sometimes do more harm than good．

Ⅰ．Fill in each blank of the following letter with a proper word given below．

fill　opportunity　replacement　qualifications　acquaint　interview

both　training　convenience　grateful　accuracy　opening

skills developed　reach　resume

Ms．Florence Creany，the business education chairperson at Sunnydale High School，has told me that you have an　________for a secretary．I would be most　________if you would allow me to quickly explain why I believe I have the necessary　________for the position．

As the enclosed　________points out，I have had two years of shorthand　________and transcription at Sunnydale High School and have　________a high rate of speed and________in both shorthand and typing．In addition，for the last two summers I have had the________to improve both　________as a full-time summer________at the main office of the Bank of Broward County．This experience also served to　________me with the daily routine of a busy office．I have enjoyed　________my training and my work experience and believe that I can satisfactorily　________the position that you have．

I can begin work anytime after July 1．

You can　________me at 555－7235 any day after 3:30 p．m．May I have a personal________at your　________?

Ⅱ．Suppose that you are the Personnel Manager of a company．Read the following extracts from letters of application that you have received．Which seems the best?

1．I am longing for an interview．Please give me a chance．I promise I will try very hard to do this job．

2．The job you are advertising is absolutely perfect for me．No problem at all!Believe me，I am the best person you are ever going to find．

3．I believe I have the right qualifications for this job．I realize of course，that I would have to undergo training，but I am eager to learn．

Ⅲ．Read the following advertisements and write a letter of application answering one of these advertisements．

1．SECRETARY:Small office needs someone capable of doing everything．Good position for the right person．Apply to Mr．Charles Kim，72 Delawere Street．

2．SALES AGENT:Must be quick and hard working．Opportunity to learn real estate business in convenient downtown location．Salary open—fringe benefits．Ms．Donna Madden，Edgemont Building．

Ⅳ．Write an application letter and a resume to apply for one of the positions in the following advertisement．

Creating Your Future With

We are rapidly expanding in China and we would like to invite self motivated，high caliber persons in their 20's to join our team．

Purchasing Executives(Raw Materials and Packing)

Graduates with 2 or more years of experience in Sales and Purchasing．Must be entrepreneurial with good negotiation skills．

Graduates with one or more years of accounting experience．Experience in tax liaison will be an advantage．Must be committed，detailed，personable and able to work without close supervision．

Personal Assistant to General Manager

Graduates with two or more years of work experience as GM Secretary in Multi-National Company．Excellent written and spoken English with good secretarial skills．Bright，detailed，enthusiastic and personable．

We offer attractive salary and benefit package，and excellent career development to the right candidate．If you are the right person for the job，please forward your recent photograph and resume stating the position applied for，to:Chen Yi，2204 Landmark Building，8 North Dong San Huan Road，Chaoyang District，Beijing 100004．

Ⅴ．Prepare your own employment correspondence according to the following instructions．

A．List all the facts you can think of about your personality，background，and experiences．

Then arrange the list in a logical order and decide on categories under which to group the facts．

B．Imagine the ideal job for which you would like to apply．With this job in mind，write a letter of application to a prospective employer and ask for an interview．