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A verb phrase consists of a main verb plus one or more helping verbs．The main verb is always the last verb in the phrase，and it is sometimes separated from the helping verb or verbs．The predicate of a sentence or a clause always contains a verb phrase．

以主动词为中心词加上一个或几个助动词及其修饰语所构成的词组称为动词词组。独立分句或从属分句的谓语至少必须包含一个动词或动词词组。

We should have spent more time on the job．

Mr．Sunm will be arriving at O'Hare at 4:15 p．m．

Are you and Miss Davega definitely scheduled to work at the exhibit?

1．after-sale service：a service provided by the producer or his agent of a machine to keep that machine in good working condition after it has been sold，such as cleaning and greasing，repairing and changing spare parts售后服务

2．demonstration：a method of selling by showing and explaining the use of a product in the actual place where it is intended to be used，such as a workshop or home，with the aim of persuading interested customers to buy it展销，演示

3．ex ship：the price includes all costs up to delivery at ship's rail at the agreed port，the buyer being responsible for bearing all risks and costs from that point（目的港）船上交货价

4．by virtue of：bu means of；as a result of凭借，由于

By virtue of the recommendation of London Chamber of Commerce，we learn your name and address．

She got the British citizenship by virtue of her marriage to an Englishman．

5．tax return：a statement of personal income，used for calculating the amount of tax to be paid纳税申报表

6．update：bring sth up to date；give sb the latest information更新；提供最新信息

The experts decided to update the map published in 1990s．

The chairperson updated the committee on our progress．

7．consignment：goods sent by the owner to an agent for sale on commission，the consignor keeping the ownership of the goods until the agent has sold them寄售，委托销售；a set of goods or articles delivered at one time托运

Last Friday，we ordered a consignment of paper for a very important new project，which was a urgent order．

The articles formed part of the consignment sent last month．

8．dispose of：make an arrangement for；to get rid of，to finish with处理；去除

The company recently disposed of some old fashioned dresses which were of little value．

I can dispose of your argument with a citation．

9．MS，or mail steamer：a fast ship or vessel carrying mails，sometimes with consigned goods on it邮船

10．consignment invoice：an export invoice which relates to goods sent to an agent abroad to be sold on commission and at the risk of the exporter寄售发票，委托销售发票

11．ocean B/L，or Ocean Bill of Lading：the most usual kind of B/L used for consignments of goods carried by ocean-going ships海运提单

12．take the liberty of：have the freedom of speech or behavior usually regarded as rude or impolite，without permission冒昧

I have taken the liberty of using your name as my credit reference．

I took the liberty of using your PC while you were on holiday．

13．format：the predetermined order of the characters in an input to a computer．The computer will not recognize an incorrectly formatted entry（数据）格式；also it refers to the general appearance and form of，such as size，shape，binding，the design of a book版式

14．conditional sale：a sale made under a contract that gives the seller the right to remain the owner of the goods or property until payment has been completed by the buyer附条件销售

15．ready sale：a sale that is easy to make适销

There is a ready sale for rare postage stamps．

The newly-produced record of the famous singer is a ready sale．

16．avail oneself of：take advantage of利用

We must avail ourselves of the opportunity to open up a new market．

They availed themselves of the end-of-season sale．

1．With a view to supporting your sales，we have specially prepared some samples of our newmakes and are sending them to you，under separate cover，for your consideration．

2．We have pleasure in recommending to you the following goods similar to the samples sent by you．

3．By virtue of its superior quality，this item has met with a warm reception in most European countries．We deem it to your advantage to buy this item for a conditional sale14 in your market．

4．In order to promote business between us，we are airmailing to you samples，under separate cover，for your inspection．

5．In view of the large demand for this commodity，we would advise you to work fast and place an order with us as soon as possible．

6．This term，being quite popular，will also command a ready sale15 in your market．

7．We take pleasure in enclosing the latest designs of our products，which are superior in quality and moderate in price and are sure to be saleable in your market．

8．Since the article you require is not available for supply at present，we should like to recommend some similar ones as follows．

9．It is not our intention to rush you into a decision，but as this article is in great demand，we would advise you to avail yourselves of16 our offer in your own interest．

10．We are sending you a sample book with a price-list of our new products，the high quality of which，we trust，will induce you to place trial orders with us．

Ⅰ．Some of the following groups of words are sentences．Others are dependent clauses that are incorrectly treated as sentences．Identify each and then add independent clauses to the dependent clauses to create sentences．

1．Edward misplaced the original contract file．

2．Because he misplaced the original contract file．

3．When Harry bought this store．

4．Mr．Marshall submitted this report to the committee．

5．If we do not finish by Friday．

6．Kenneth and Lauren may be asked to attend the convention in San Francisco．

7．Before Janet leaves for the airport．

8．Blain has applied for a position with Ampex Chemicals Inc．

Ⅱ．Underline each dependent clause that is used as an adjective，and tell which word it modifies．

1．This is the things that the financial manager wants me to do for her．

2．We should try to call on those who have shown the most interest in these products．

3．Do you remember the name of the person whom Ms．Johnson recommended as consultant?

4．These buildings，which used to be private residences，have been taken over by the city．

5．Were you at the workshop that Mrs．Burton conducted last Friday afternoon?

Ⅲ．Underline each dependent clause that is used as an adverb，and tell the word or words it modifies．

1．I wish that you had called me when you were in Beijing last week．

2．I spoke to them after I had talked to you about the new procedures．

3．You should make your reservations now if you would like to attend this seminar．

4．Where did you go while you were on vacation last summer?

5．She should have discussed the matter with you before she submitted her resignation．

Ⅳ．Underline each dependent clause that is used as a noun in the following sentences．

1．Ms．Li wants to know who authorized the purchase of this equipment．

2．That is one of the things that seem to irritate most people．

3．Neither of us knows what the outcome of the current negotiations will be．

4．Please send this brochure to whoever requests additional information．

5．Mr．McLean，who is our representative，will call you early next week．

Ⅰ．Read the following letter，tell what function each paragraph serves．

Graduation is the perfect time to make a wise investment in your child's future．By giving a Richmond typewriter for graduation，you will be providing the key to success，both for college and the years that follow．

A survey of 3，000 college professors revealed that 90 percent viewed typewritten work as a vital factor in earning high grades．And here are 8 reasons why Richmond is the typewriter best suited to help your future college student be successful．

1．Richmond's full standard keyboard allows the individual to type in an easy and comfortable manner．

2．Richmond's Stroke Control adjusts to suit a particular touch．

3．Richmond's Eze-Margin lever allows margins to be set with the touch of a finger．

4．Richmond's Line Meter indicates the exact number of lines remaining on the page．

5．Richmond's Magic Column-Set Key allows quick and easy tabulations．

6．Richmond's Correcting Cartridge allows errors to be corrected with a flick of the finger．

7．Richmond's attractive aluminum cast-metal base is built to withstand all the wear and tear your child can give it．

8．Yes，Richmond's portable model，at 16 pounds，is one half the weight of standard typewriters—it can be taken anywhere typing needs to be done．

Compare these features with other brands and see if you don't agree that it is the best electric portable typewriter on the market．In addition，Richmond's one-year warranty assures you of quality materials and workmanship．So for $ 249．50(or $ 24 a month for 12 months)，make your graduation gift a Richmond．

Come to our store today for a free demonstration，or call me at 555－3265 to arrange for a home demonstration．A Richmond typewriter is a gift your child will remember long after graduation has passed．

Ⅱ．Rearrange the following sentences so as to compose a proper sales letter．

1．If you wish，you can charge your purchases to any major credit card．

2．If you are looking for something to light up your life，you can end your search quickly and successfully by visiting the House of Lamps．

3．We are open from 9 a．m．to 6 p．m．

4．All during September you will find an economic price on every luxurious lamp and lighting fixture．

5．Elegantly styled table lamps are now available for 10 percent to 40 percent less than that you would expect to pay—or have to pay elsewhere．

6．Why not stop in today?

7．For example，shimmering crystal chandeliers regularly priced from $ 95 to $ 995 are now on sale for $ 75 to $ 650．

8．Here is where you will find the largest selection of beautiful lamps and lighting fixtures—at reasonable prices．

9．We'll deliver them to your home at no cost to you．

10．You'll be glad you did—and we'll be delighted to see you．

11．Monday through Saturday for your shopping convenience．

Ⅲ．Translate the following English into Chines e．

One will certainly feel pleased with ladies'dresses which are beautiful in pattern，elegant in style，matching in colours and skillful in workmanship．These are just the characteristics of our ladies'dresses for export．

The range of our ladies'dresses is extensive．There are long skirts and loungingpajamas suggestive of the tamarisks;gowns and skirts as gorgeous as red roses;embroidered and mandarin dresses，coats and jackets，some in resemblance to the magnificence of peony，others emblematic of the pureness of orchid．Beautiful yet demure，rich but not loud，they are all made of selected fabrics and deliberately designed，cut，stitched and trimmed．

The inspiration directed toward creative ideas by our manufacturers and the continuous efforts of dealing in this line by our corporation have brought great success to all customers of our ladies'dresses．

A catalogue has been airmailed to you already，which must have been in your possession．Please let us have your specific enquiry enabling us to dispatch samples and make quotations．

Ⅳ．Write letters according to the instructions given below．

1．Your firm is just entering the export market．Write a letter to be sent to foreign buyers for the sale of your goods．

2．Your firm has put a new product on the market．Write a letter offering to supply this new product to your buyers abroad．

3．Write a letter to a leading importer dealing in office equipment．In the letter tell the buyer about your latest products and make a special offer．

Ⅴ．Choose an advertisement for a product or service from a magazine or newspaper．Write a paragraph analyzing the advertisement according to the following criteria．

1．What is the central selling point?Is this theme promoted throughout the advertisement?How?

2．Is the central selling point appropriate in relation to the product?Why or why not?

3．Can you think of another feature that could be used as the central selling point?

4．Would this advertisement encourage you to buy the product?Why or why not?