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If your writing contains only simple sentences，it can be choppy，uninteresting，or difficultto read．However，if your writing contains only compound-complex sentences，it may also be difficult to read and understand．One of the ways of writing effectively is to get some variety in kinds and lengths of sentences．Sometimes，too，it is a matter of meaning or emphasis;clauses that are not important should be made dependent to the main or important clause．It can also be necessary to use certain clauses in your writing for an effective parallel construction．

假如写作全部采用简单句，给人的感觉往往是不够流畅，毫无意趣，不堪卒读。但假如全部采用并列复杂句，给人的感觉则是晦涩难懂。要使句子生动有力就必须在句子的类型和长度方面有变化。比如有时由于句子意思或强调的原因，次要的从句必须置于主句之后，而有时为使句子气势连贯，也可以采用较长的并列结构。

Compare:We cannot pay the claim until you supply us with some needed information．

Until you supply us with some needed information，we cannot pay the claim．

Two weeks ago I wrote to you about my order．The order was for three T-shirts．I sent the order six weeks ago．I also sent my check for $ 15．72．I still have not heard from you．I need the T-shirts now．When are you sending my order?

I am writing again about my order for three T-shirts，which I sent you along with my check for $ 15．72 six weeks ago．I wrote to you two weeks ago inquiring about the order，but I still have not heard from you．If you are unable to fill the order，will you please refund the money that I sent you．I should like very much to have an immediate reply．

1．outgoing invoice，or sales invoice：the name given to an invoice by the seller of the goods referred to in it销售发票

2．sales account：in book-keeping，a ledger account into which are posted on the credit periodical totals of entries in the sales day book销售账户

3．refund：to give money back；a repayment of money偿还；退还款

We shall refund you your expenses．

The railway will give a refund if the goods are lost．

4．guarantee，or warranty：a promise given by a manufacturer that the article sold is of good quality and that he will make good any faults for which he is responsible保证书，质保书

5．restitution：the act of restoring something to its owner or making good of paying compensation to somebody for personal injury or damage to property退还，赔偿

The judge ordered the restitution of the diamonds to the wealthy lady．

The board decided to make restitution for those who suffered from the flood．

6．insurance policy：a contract by which the insurer in return for a payment，binds himself to pay the person named in the policy a certain sum of money when a stated event happens保单

endowment policy养老保险；survivorship policy意外保险

7．demanding：that needs a lot of attention or effort；to claim as if by right费神的，（要求）苛刻的

A new baby can be very demanding for a young couple．

Our sales manager was so demanding that none of us could meet his standard．

8．shipping bill：a custom's form giving a detailed description of goods to be removed from a bonded warehouse装船清单

9．sales slip，or sales invoice：a sheet of paper bearing the selling record of a certain product销售单

10．repudiate：to refuse to pay a debt or to honor a contract；to state that something is untrue or unjust拒付；否认

He repudiated the obligation he made years ago．

The poor young man repudiated the charge of having stolen money from the company．

11．allowance：an amount or percentage given in order to reduce a payment for some special reason，such as for goods of sub-standard quality，for goods damaged or delayed while being carried折让，减免

They agreed to make an allowance for the ordered goods which had been damaged on delivery．

12．shipping dock：a raised floor beside a road where trucks can be easily loaded and unloaded装卸站台

13．adjustment：the course of the reaching an agreed settlement between two parties regarding something unexpected happened during the transaction理算（Here it refers to adjustments of claims：the settlement of demands when goods are lost，damaged or delayed during carriage．索赔理算）

14．regulatory tax：a tax used by the government as a means of regulating or controlling some economic activities rather than raising money，such as the tax on some luxurious commodities调节税

15．live up to：to keep to the high standards of；to reach or meet with one's expectation or promise维持较高水准，实践（誓言、期望）

We are responsible for servicing any product that does not live up to our normal standard．

Our director was a man who lived up to his promise．

16．shipping note：a document prepared by the ship-owners giving the official in charge of the docks details of the cargo to be carried装货通知单

17．contribute to：to help to bring about；to have a share in有助于，促成

Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health，especially for those who work in the office．

The poor weather contributed to the delay of the delivery which was due last week．

18．manual：a book giving information on a special subject or giving directions on how some work or process is to be done手册，指南

19．trade-in：goods given in part-exchange以旧换新，折价换取

In doing a trade-in business，the supplier usually will allow the buyer a certain amount of money for an article used or partly damaged．

1．I really must apologize for．．．

2．We regret that．．．

3．We sincerely apologize for the trouble we have put you through．

4．I appreciate receiving your letter．

5．Thank you for letting us know that．．．

6．You are right to expect high quality from our company．

7．As a customer of our company，you should expect satisfaction because that is what we guarantee．

8．As soon as we received your letter，we．．．

9．We look into the matter as soon as we received your letter．

10．We guarantee our best services at all time．

11．We shall be glad to accept for credit the coat that you recently purchased from us and that you wish to return．

12．Of course you can return for full credit the lamp that has a broken base．

13．Our check for $ 10 is enclosed．This is the amount that you were overcharged on our resent invoice．

14．We value you as our customer and would like to continue serving you．

15．Please let us know if there is anything further that we can do．

16．Thank you for telling us the problems you have encountered in using our Halo Electric Hair Dryer．

17．We are sorry that the coat you purchased had a button missing．

18．Would you please return the coat you recently purchased and that has a tear in the sleeve?Then our tailors can determine what must be done．

19．Thank you for telling us about the problem that．．．

20．We hope that you will consider this to be a reasonable solution to the problem．

21．Thank you for letting us serve you．

22．I am sorry we cannot agree to．．．

23．We much prefer that no．．．be given．

24．We would like to suggest that．．．

25．We shall be grateful if you will．．．

Ⅰ．Identify the following sentences as simple，complex，compound，or compound-complex．

1．This is a short letter so it should be typed on a four-inch writing line．

2．Short letters，those of less than 100 words，should be typed on four-inch writing line．

3．Short letters should be typed on four-inch writing lines，but long letters should be typed on six-inch writing lines．

4．Letters that contain no more than 100 words are considered to be short，letters that contain from 100 to 200 words are considered to be medium，and letters that contain more than 200 words are considered to be long．

5．When Mrs．Klein arrived at work，she immediately asked her secretary for a list of appointments for the day．

6．It is hard to believe that a tax form could be lost in the mail．

7．The tax form，which was for the year 1994，was lost in the mail．

8．Ruth and Gine open，sort，and distribute all incoming mails．

Ⅱ．Each sentence below contains all of the necessary elements，but some of the information is placed so that the sentence does not convey a precise or intended meaning，or else the emphasis is on the wrong part of the sentence．Rewrite the sentences as necessary so that the meaning is precise and the emphasis is on the important part of the sentence．

1．Return the enclosed card immediately if you wish to receive a free sample of Soapo Shampoo in the postage-paid envelope．

2．When we receive your check your order for woolen fabrics in the amount of $ 275 will be shipped．

3．Because our factory was severely damaged by fire and has not been in operation for three weeks，we are unable to ship your order for auto parts，and it will be three months before we can do so．

4．If you need the order for auto parts that you placed recently，we suggest that you order from Jones Supply Company as we had a severe fire recently in our factory and are unable to fill any order for three months．

5．We have received your order and are shipping by Mountain Auto Freight the paint in the amount of $ 279．60 next Friday，August 9．

6．We do not know what has happened to your recent order which you inquired about in your letter of March 12 and which we shipped on March 5;but we are duplicating the order and shipping it by air express tomorrow，March 18．

Ⅲ．Correct any errors in parallelism by rewriting the sentences．

1．Margaret，the assistant，is a pretty girl with an attractive smile and she has blue eyes．

2．Mr．Wilson asked me where the meeting would be held and would I plan to attend．

3．Raise your hand when you have finished the assignment and then you should bring your paper to the instructor．

4．I want him either to take care of the matter or I suggest that it be transferred to another sales representative．

5．The news reporter spent months with the presidential candidate，in densely populated urban areas，in sparsely populated rural communities，and where there were many people in thesuburbs．

6．Our hotel can give you attractive rooms，low daily rates，and our dining room is excellent．

7．I should like to remind you that your insurance premium which covers both your automobile and your room，is now due and suggesting that you send your check for $ 375 immediately．

8．I finished the report by working both in the office and while staying at home．

9．Mrs．Martin said that either she would pay the bill or return the merchandise．

Ⅰ．Rearrange the following sentences to compose the body of a letter of complaint．

1．Every bookmark in the shipment is smudged，and some，like the enclosed sample，are unreadable．

2．We must therefore request that you print and dispatch a new set at once．

3．The materials ordered under No．PD469234 arrived today and on checking them we discovered that they are not up to your usual high standard．

4．As these bookmarks are needed for our important new sales campaign，clearly we are unable to use them．

5．In the past，we have always been most satisfied with your service，and we trust that such an incident will not occur again．

6．And unless they are replaced immediately，the delay may result in some loss of orders．

Ⅱ．The following are some common things people say in complaints．Note the difference between the impolite and polite expressions．

1．These samples are unacceptable．

These samples are not up to your high standards．

2．We shall lose orders and hold your responsibility．

This may result in some loss of orders．

3．Replace these samples now!

We must therefore request that you replace these samples at once．

4．If this happens again，we will never do business with you in the future!

In the past we have always been satisfied with your products，and we trust such an incident will not occur again．

5．I expect an answer soon．

I look forward to hearing from you．

Ⅲ．Read carefully the information below，and then write a letter of complaint．

Your company:　Express Printing Company

(you print high-quality magazines)

Your title:　Project Manager

Write to:　Derek Klein，Sales Representative，Acme Printing Supplies Ltd．

(Address:Devon House，19th Floor，Tate Trading Estate，North Point)

The problem:　Goods delivered not the same as the ones you ordered．

What happened:　On 27 April，you ordered a consignment of paper for a very important new project(50 rolls of RS－22 paper，order No．EPC/2146)．It was an urgent order．The delivery date was 16 May．Now，it is 10 May．The paper was delivered this morning，but it is the wrong paper．If you don't get the right paper by 16 May you will not be able to complete the new project on time．

Action:　Acme should send out a replacement immediately．

Ⅳ．Rearrange the following paragraphs so that they compose a granting adjustment letter:

1．Dear Mr．Groskin，

2．You may dispose of the 200 pennants that you received．It is not necessary to return them to us．Thank you for giving us an opportunity to serve you．

3．We have tried to find out what caused the confusion，but we have no explanation—or excuse．The only possible reason we can offer is that two members of our production department were ill last week，and we had to use inexperienced help for two or three days．

4．This Friday we will send you by parcel post，special handling，200“Cougar”pennants to replace those that were printed in white instead of yellow．There will be，of course，no additional charge for these．

5．Please excuse us this time，Mr．Groskin．We can take a little solace from this situation:we have started a new training program for all those who are likely to be called into emergency service in the production area．We expect that this precaution will help us give you better service．

6．Sincerely yours，

Ⅴ．The phrases numbered 1 to 5 below indicate what the writer is trying to do in each part of the following letter．Write the numbers of the phrases in the appropriate boxes in the letter to show the purpose of each part of the letter．

1．to state the proposed adjustment

2．to make clear reference to the subject of the complaint，and to apologize

3．to promote sales

4．to give an explanation of the problem

5．to keep the complainant's goodwill

Flat 15A Cloudview Mansion

Dear Mr．Lincoln，

(　)We are sorry that the cassette recorder you bought from us was unsatisfactory．However，we are glad that you have taken the trouble to bring the matter to our attention:Thank you．

(　)I have instructed our delivery service department to send you a new cassette recorder this week．Please give them a suitable time to deliver the recorder when they telephone you．

(　)We always try our best to see that every item is inspected thoroughly before it is sent out．Unfortunately，it seems your recorder was not inspected through our own negligence．

(　)We have taken measures to tighten up our control，and are confident that such a mistake will not occur again．

(　)I am pleased to enclose a catalogue featuring other Soinee products including video recorders，Walkmans and quadraphonic sound systems．You are welcome to come to our showroom or call us at 5－8383889 for further enquiries．You can always rely on the high quality guaranteed by our“satisfaction or your money back”policy．

Ⅵ．Rearrange the following paragraphs so that they compose a granting partial adjustment letter．

1．Dear Mr．Lopez，

2．The head of our service department will phone you on March 16，Mr．Lopez，to arrange for a representative to call at your home．At that time，we hope to hear from you that this proposed solution meets with your approval．

3．Thank you for your March 8 letter concerning the living room furniture you purchased from us on January 16 of this year．We have checked our records and found a sales slip signed by you indicating that the furniture was in good condition when it was delivered．However，we realize that a quick visual inspection would be unlikely to reveal a defect in the upholstery fabric．

4．However，we would be happy to send a service representative to your home to inspect the couch，which you indicate was the only item with any serious defect．Then，if our representative finds that the damage is not the result of ordinary wear，we will be happy to re-cover the seat cushions with a matching fabric for the cost of the fabric alone．

5．As much as we would like to exchange both the chair and the couch，as you suggested，we find that we will be unable to do so．The reason is that our standard warranty does not apply to merchandise sold at lower than regular price．

6．Sincerely yours，

Ⅶ．Janet Lim is the General Manager of Office Equipment Suppliers．She has received the following letter from a customer．Janet has investigated the records and found the complaint justified．Now，help Janet to write the letter of an adjustment to Ms Carson．Include in your letter the following points:

1．the correct address has been entered into the computer;

2．50 automatic eraser tapes have been dispatched air freight to arrive within one week;

3．a special 20 percent discount on the next order．

Office Equipment Suppliers，

343 Bukit Panjing Road，

Serangon，Singapore．

We have today received a consignment under the above order number．

We must point out that the consignment is two weeks late．We are surprised that it reached us at all，in fact，because it is incorrectly addressed．This delay has caused us considerable inconvenience and may result in the loss of sales．In addition，we received only 300 units of automatic eraser ribbons，although the order was for 350．

I trust your company will take action on this matter．

Ⅷ．Translation．

I am writing to complain about the quality of your customer service．

I was in your store this morning trying to buy some bedding．However，the assistants seemed more interested in their own conversation than in helping me．They refused to open the packages to allow me to see the colors and designs and when I asked to speak to the manager，I was rudely told he was busy and not available to see me．

This unpleasant experience in your shop was most upsetting and I feel discouraged from shopping in Top Store again in the future．It seems obvious that without customers the store will not be able to exist and that would mean a loss of jobs．I therefore feel sure that you would want to know about my experience in order to be able to rectify the situation．