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Students have met passive voice before.For example，I was trapped.（8A Unit 8 Reading）However，we didn't ask students to pay attention to it.It's an important grammar for students to express the action that is more important than the person who performs the action.

Ⅱ Type of the lesson

Ⅲ Teaching aims and learning objectives

By the end of the lesson，students should be able to:

1.Master the basic structure of passive voice.

2.Master the uses of passive voice in the simple present tense.

3.Master the uses of passive voice in the simple past tense.

4.Know when and how to use passive voice.

5.Master how to change a sentence from active voice to passive voice.

Ⅳ Teaching content

2.Passive voice in the simple present and past tenses

Ⅴ Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty

2.The uses of passive voice

3.How to change a sentence from active voice to passive voice

1.Video　2.Pictures　3.Blackboard　4.Chalk

5.Computer 6.Multimedia 7.Projector

Ⅶ Teaching procedures

Step 1 Warm-up and lead-in（about 3－5 mins.）

【设计理念:通过播放英文歌曲，为学生创造一种学习英语的氛围。激发学生学习兴趣。通过谈论英语歌曲的自由对话，自然导入被动语态，同时呈现一般现在时态和一般过去时态的被动语态，为下一步详细呈现做好铺垫。】

Activity 1:Listen to an English song called“My heart will go on”and ask them to sing together——Free talk（about 3－5 mins.）

Play and ask the students to listen to the song“My hear will go on”and ask them to sing together.

T:Boys and girls，let's listen to an English song called“My hear will go on”and try to sing together.

Free questions:Ask the students who sing this song to introduce active voice and passive voice.

Do you like this song？

Who sings this song？

Who sang this song just now？

Celine Dion sings this song.

This song is sung by Celine Dion.

We sang this song just now.

This song was sung by us just now.

Step 2 Presentation（about 8－12 mins.）

Activity 1:Presenting—presenting some sentences in this unit with passive voice in the simple present tense and the simple past tense.

【设计理念:呈现出我们在本单元的Reading部分刚刚学的含有被动语态的句子，一方面可以减少学生对新语法知识的恐惧感，另一方面学生对这些句子已经很熟悉，学生易于快速理解句意。】

（T:In fact，we have learned some sentences like these.We call them the sentences with passive voice.）

1.About 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.

2.The plane is also used as a training center.

3.Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations.

4.During my last visit，150 patients were operated on.

5.Most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.

Activity 2:Present the structures of passive voice in the simple present tense and the simple past tense.

【设计理念:通过刚刚大家熟悉的一般现在时态和一般过去时态的两个句子，呈现由主动语态变为被动语态的方法，减少同学们对新学语法的恐惧心理，将语法学习放到真实语境中，让学生易于接受新知。】

（T:Let's look at them and talk about the structure of them.Write the following on the blackboard.）

Structures of passive voice in the simple present tense and the simple past tense:

passive voice in the simple present tense:

The object in the active voice＋am／is／are＋done＋by the subject in the active voice.

passive voice in the simple past tense:

The object in the active voice＋was／were＋done＋by the subject in the active voice.

The difference is:We change the subject in the active voice into the object in the passive voice with“by”before it.We also change the verb in the active voice into its the past participle form.

Activity 3:Discussion

Show students more sentences，asking them to find out the differences among the sentences with passive voice.At last，try to discuss how to use“by”correctly.

【设计理念:通过例句和讨论，让学生感受一般现在时态和一般过去时态的被动语态的句子，在语境中理解“by”的用法。】

The cake was eaten by Daniel.

The little dog is looked after very well by Simon.

The computer is bought by my uncle.

I am woken up by my father every morning.

The trees are planted in March.

The computers are widely used.

The tall buildings were built last year.

The thief was caught yesterday.

Sum up the use of“by”after students'discussion.

（T:You did a good job.We can introduce who or what performs an action in the passive voice using“by”.Sometimes，if we don't know or we don't need to tell others who or what performs an action in the passive voice，we often omit“by”.）

Step 3 Practice（about 15－18 mins.）

Activity 1:Choose the sentences in passive voice.

【设计理念:通过提供例句让学生学会辨别被动语态的句子，在辨别中强化学生对被动语态结构的记忆，避免单调的语法条目灌输，让学生在语境中理解被动语态。】

T:Please make a tick“√”before the sentences in passive voice.（about 2 mins.）

1）The meeting lasted 3 hours yesterday.（　）

2）We have lunch at 12 o'clock.（　）

3）Homework is done by Daniel every evening.（　）

4）300 trees were planted by us yesterday.（　）

5）Classroom is cleaned every day.（　）

6）The students in China learn English at school.（　）

Activity 2:Change the following sentences in active voice into the sentences in passive voice.（about 10－12 mins.）

【设计理念:通过提供学生一些例句，让学生在主动语态和被动语态相互转换的实践中探索和学会这两种语态的转换方法，达到让学生体会学以致用的教学目的。】

（1）On the plane，volunteer doctors do operations.

（2）ORBISdoctors improve the lives of patients.

（3）We plant trees.

（4）ORBISdoctors helped many blind people.

（5）Many people speak English.

（6）They built a new bridge over the river.

（7）Farmers grow rice in China.

（8）He published this book in 2003.

（9）A policeman saved the little girl.

Activity 3:Further exercise in the certain background.（about 8 mins.）

【设计理念:通过处理书本练习，在图片创设的语境中集中练习将一般现在时态的主动语态句子变为被动语态句子的方法，让学生及时总结方法。】

T:The Class1，Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor.Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice.Add the word“by”when necessary.

T:What do they do every year？

1.Charity activities_____________________（plan／to help the poor）.

2.Leaflets_____________________（hand out／to people in the street／volunteers）.

3.Toys and CDs____________________（sell／to raise money）.

T:When we change the sentences in active voice into the sentences in passive voice，we should keep the same tense.

Activity 3:Further exercise in the same background.（about 4 mins.）

【设计理念:通过处理书本练习，在本单元话题下的图片创设出的语境中集中练习将一般过去时态的主动语态句子变为被动语态句子的方法，让学生及时总结方法。老师通过学生的完成情况了解学生本节课的学习情况。】

T:What did they do last week？

4 new books________________________（send／to children in poor areas／the Class 1，Grade 8 students）.

Warm clothes________________________（collect／for poor people）.

A charity show________________________（hold／the Students'Union）.

Activity 4:Amy and Daniel are talking about charities.Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.

【设计理念:通过书本上提供的情境，完成Amy和Daniel的对话，综合地训练学生将一般现在时态和一般过去时态的句子转化成被动语态句子的能力，使学生在适当的训练中能力得到提升。】

Amy:I'm reading a book about Oxfam.

Daniel:Really？Please tell me about it.

Amy:OK.Oxfam________（set up）in the UK in 1942，and the first Oxfam shop________（open）in 1948.Now it has about 15，000 shops in all over the world.A lot of things________（sell）in Oxfam shops，including books.The money________（use）by Oxfam to help poor people.

Daniel:That's good.There are also some charity projects in China.One of them________（call）Project Hope.It________（start）in 1989.With its help，millions of poor children all over the country________（give）basic education.

【设计理念:通过让学生记忆两种时态的被动语态结构，使学生总结本节课所学语法的规则，并利用这些规则将一些句子转化成被动语态，以达到巩固所学知识的目的。】

（1）Remember the basic structures of the passive voice in the simple present tense and in the simple past tense.

（2）Change more sentences in the active voice in Reading into the passive voice.

Ⅷ Blackboard design

The passive voice in the simple present tense:

The object in the active voice＋am／is／are＋done＋by the subject in the active voice.

passive voice in the simple past tense:

Object in the active voice＋was／were＋done＋by Subject in the active voice.

Ⅸ Teaching reflection

这节课优点在于:首先，课堂从一首英语歌曲导入，学生很轻松且拥有较好的情感进入到英语课堂中来。其次，教师将新学的语法放到具体的情境中去呈现和练习，而不是单纯地灌输单调的变化规则。最后，老师所举事例贴近学生生活和学生的当前认知水平，学生易于理解和接受。

有待改进的方面:老师没有着重呈现一般现在时态的被动语态和一般过去时态的被动语态的区别，没有培养和树立学生学习语态的时态观，这可能为学生以后学习其他时态的被动语态带来一些困难。

本案例旨在帮助学生通过对主动语态和被动语态的比较，明白主语和动词之间的关系以确定动词该使用主动语态还是被动语态，并且能够通过本课的学习学会触类旁通，更好地学习不同时态的被动语态。

在设计上，先以Celine Dion演唱的My heart will go on视频导入新课。振奋人心的歌曲立即把学生的注意力集中起来。以歌曲为切入点导入被动语态:This song is sung by Celine Dion.Her songs are liked by many people.这样的导入很自然、开门见山，为后面的学习起了很好的铺垫作用。接下来由所学被动语态的几个句子引出被动语态这一概念，然后再对这一概念进行讲解（包括定义、结构、何时运用），通过图示法让学生学习掌握各种时态的被动语态，通过让学生辨别、对比主动语态和被动语态的句子，引导学生学会判断主语和动词的关系，确定动词使用何种语态来表达，再通过不同形式的练习巩固所学知识，有头脑风暴、小组讨论等，学生学习的积极性高、参与欲强、参与面广。

本案例在被动语态教学中，是这样尝试组织和运用合作学习的:以学生为主，开展师生互动下的合作学习，例如，学生在主动语态与被动语态互换时，教师给出下面的句子进行训练。We plant trees.→Trees are planted by us.Farmers grow rice in China.→Rice is grown by farmers in China.对于初学的学生而言，把主动语态转换成被动语态有一定的难度，但是因为这几句话非常贴近生活，学生在合作中能够加深对被动语态的理解，掌握两者转换的方法，老师只要简洁地点拨一下，学生就能很好地掌握被动语态了。