八上 Unit 4 Do it yourself Grammar Giving instructions,using“should”and“had better”
Background
DIY cards and advice
Ⅰ Background information
When people DIY,they need to understand the instructions and follow them.Thus,they need to get a good knowledge of how to read instructions and how to give them,so that they will be able to know how to DIY and what to do.Among all the instructions and advice,knowing and telling others what they think is the best or right thing to do are important too.
Ⅱ Type of the lesson
Grammar lesson
Ⅲ Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson,the students will be able to:
1.Understand the meanings of the new words and use them in proper situations.
2.Use the imperative sentences to give instructions.
3.Use“should”and“had better”to give advice.
4.Know how to do a DIY job and teach others to do it.
5.Learn to work in groups and share with each other.
Ⅳ Teaching content
1.New words
2.Use the imperative sentences to give instructions
3.Should and had better
Ⅴ Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
1.The imperative sentences
2.How to use“should”and“had better”
Ⅵ Teaching aids
1.DIY tools 2.Blackboard 3.Chalk
4.Computer 5.Multimedia 6.Projector
Ⅶ Teaching procedures
Step 1 Tools and usages(Warm-up and lead-in)
Show DIY tools and ask students to describe their usages.
【设计理念:1.利用DIY工具引导学生复习已学知识,用scissors导入生词cut。2.引导学生造句表达,导入生词sentence。3.使用祈使句表达工具用途,用祈使句否定形式表达使用工具的注意事项。4.通过实物展示,用师生对话活跃课堂气氛,调动学生参与的积极性。】
T:We learned a lot about DIY and DIY tools.Do you know these tools?
What can they do?(展示工具)
Please tell us like this sentence:Use the scissors to cut paper.(引导学生使用祈使句肯定形式)
But sometimes we have to be careful with these tools.For example,don't play with scissors.What else?(引导学生使用祈使句否定形式)
Step 2 Work out the rule
【设计理念:1.在导入环节之后,学生有了知识铺垫。采用小组合作形式,学生联系新旧知识,自己总结祈使句的结构和用法等。2.利用小组活动,调动课堂气氛,促进学生自主学习祈使句,变被动接受为主动学习。3.讲解祈使句用法。】
T:Read these sentences.Can you find the structure of the sentences?(通过小组讨论,学生自主学习发现祈使句的结构)
From the sentences,when do we use the imperative sentences?(启发学生发现祈使句用于给予指令)
Let's find more about the imperative sentences.(在学生已经认知的基础上,教师讲解祈使句及其用法)
Step 3 Practice
【设计理念:1.通过书本练习,操练用祈使句给予指令,强化所学内容,让学生会说、会用。2.通过快速反应游戏,让学生运用所学谈论生活中的指示牌等,拓展加深所学内容,并活跃课堂气氛。】
T:Just now we got to know how to use the tools.Let's DIY a card!Can you give us any instructions?(通过创设活动情境,让学生使用所学内容,完成书本练习)
Great!Can I make a beautiful card if I follow your instructions?What shouldn't we do?Do you have any instructions?(延伸书本上的练习,引导学生使用祈使句的否定形式)
OK,besides DIY,we can give many other instructions in our daily life.Let's check who knows most.(利用生活中的许多指示标牌等,让学生快速反应,强化对祈使句的理解和实际运用)
Step 4 Group work
【设计理念:1.学生通过共同完成小组任务,学会灵活运用祈使句。2.让学生自己想出校园生活中应该注意的事项,将所学内容拓展延伸,并在课堂中施予学生情感教育。3.利用学生展示的内容为下一环节should/had better做好铺垫。】
T:We should follow these instructions in our life.What instructions should we follow at school?Can you give us any instructions?
(分组进行讨论在校园生活中要注意哪些事项,让学生用祈使句表达出来)
Each group has different focuses.Please discuss and write them down.Remember to use the imperative sentences.
I want some of you to show your instructions to us.
Step 5 Should/Had better(Lead-in)
【设计理念:1.利用上一个小组活动中学生说到的句子,导入should和had better。2.使学生联系起已学内容,为进一步学习做好准备。】
T:You give us a lot of instructions.So we should listen carefully in class.(举其中一个例子)What else should we do?(引导学生使用should do sth.)
What shouldn't we do?
So,we had better do…
We had better not do…
(教师引导学生尝试用should/shouldn't,had better/had better not表达建议)
Step 6 Work out the rule
【设计理念:1.在导入环节之后,学生有了知识铺垫。采用小组合作形式,学生联系新旧知识,自己总结should和had better用法等。2.利用小组活动,调动课堂气氛,促进学生自主学习祈使句,变被动接受为主动学习。3.讲解祈使句用法。】
T:Read these sentences.Can you find how to use“should”and“had better”?(通过小组讨论,学生自主学习总结should/had better用法)
When do we use“should”and“had better”?
Let's find more about the usages of“should”and“had better”.(在学生已经认知的基础上,教师讲解用法)
Step 7 Practice
【设计理念:1.通过书本练习,操练用should/had better给予建议,强化所学内容,让学生会说会用。2.设置pair work活动,学生通过两两对话,在锻炼听说能力的同时,拓展加深所学内容。】
T:When we do DIY jobs,we need to follow instructions.And we had better take some good advice.Can you give us any advice?(通过创设活动情境,让学生使用所学内容,完成书本练习)
Great!Suzy and her classmates are talking about DIY advice.Can you help them complete the dialogue?(延伸书本上的练习,引导学生使用should,had better和It's better to do,通过pair work对话强化语言运用)
Step 8 Group work
【设计理念:1.要求学生共同完成小组任务,促进学生灵活运用本节课所学内容。2.鼓励学生积极动手,用英语表达指令和建议。3.通过小组合作让学生学会合作和分享。】
T:During this year's English festival,we will have a Christmas present DIY.Now,what do you want to DIY?
Here are some choices.Please choose one from them,discuss how to DIY it and give some advice on your DIY job with group members.
Remember to use what we learnt in this lesson.
Let's show your instructions and advice.
Step 9 Homework
【设计理念:1.完善最后一个任务。2.巩固课堂所学。】
T:Now please remember your homework:
(1)Make your instructions and advice better.
(2)Do some exercises.
Ⅷ Blackboard design
8A Unit 4 Do it yourself—Grammar
Use scissors to cut.
Make sentences.
Don't play with scissors.
Give instructions:
The imperative sentence:Do sth./Don't do sth.
Please do sth./Please don't do sth.
If you…,you will…
Give advice:
should/should not do sth.
had better do sth./had better not do sth.
It's better for sb.(not)to do sth.
Ⅸ Teaching reflection
在本节语法课中,主要通过DIY相关话题学习给予指令和提供建议,学会正确使用祈使句以及should和had better这两个用法。学生在本课教授之前,对于祈使句以及should和had better已经有相关的知识铺垫,因此,本课主要侧重知识的梳理归纳以及灵活运用。本课在DIY这一情境下,以DIY活动为主线,分两部分分别教学。
第一部分导入部分就运用课本所创设的DIY情境,引导学生使用祈使句表达DIY工具的用途以及使用时的注意事项,将祈使句肯定句和否定句分别依次导入,引导学生多说。如此,既可以联系旧知识,为新知识做好铺垫,又可以达到活学活用,活跃课堂的目的。第二部分则是利用上一部分的操练,将两部分知识联系起来。两部分呈现以及讲授都是借助小组合作的形式,倡导学生自主、合作学习。学生积极参与讨论,主动梳理总结已经学过的相关知识,并能自主学习本课新知识。
对于所学内容的操练,并没有局限于书本,而是将书本练习融入课堂环节中。对于活动的设计也没有局限于DIY这一话题,引入了学生所熟悉的其他话题,例如,学校生活注意事项以及英语节活动。
但是,本课也存在问题,对于所学内容的深化和拓展有些局限于本单元,再者设计活动集中在说和读,听和写较为缺乏,教师在备课时需要更加全面的考虑。
点评:
该案例依据《标准(2011年版)》中听的四级目标要求和学习策略五级的目标要求,按照“语言接触——理解体验——语言聚焦——自主运用”的教学思路,对本节课的教学进行设计,确立了四个教学环节:复习导入、语言输入、语言聚焦和语言运用。
在复习导入环节,教师以回答问题的形式复习DIY工具,表达工具用途,用祈使句否定形式说明使用工具的注意事项,为本节课的学习打基础。
在语言输入环节,教师通过小组讨论,学生自主学习祈使句结构,引导学生通过祈使句发出指令,并以快速反应游戏,来活跃课堂气氛;在语言聚焦环节,教师引导学生通过观察、发现和归纳,聚焦祈使句的构成和意义,并利用校园生活注意事项进行语言操练,并引导学生尝试用should(not),had better(not)表达建议;在语言运用环节,教师创设贴近学生生活的语言情境,引导学生运用所学的语言,达到学以致用的目的。
到本节课结束时,所有学生都用祈使句及两个句型发出指令,给出建议,达成了本课所制订的教学目标。