八下 Unit 7 International charities ReadingⅠAn interview with an ORBISdoctor
Background:International charities
Everyone should try his best to help different kinds of international charities to help those who need help around us because we are family.
Keywords:International charities，ORBIS，blindness，Flying Eye Hospital，Dr.Ma
Ⅰ Background information
ORBIShelps blind people in poor countries.The state of being blind is called blindness.Why does ORBIS help the blind patients？Because blindness affects many people around the world，mostly in poor countries.But most of the cases of blindness can be prevented or cured.Why don't the blind go to see doctors？Because they are so poor that they can't pay for medical treatment.ORBISdoctors treat them for free.They operate on／do（perform）operations on their patients.So the patients are thankful／grateful to them.How do you think ORBIS doctors feel when they help people？（Of course，they feel very proud.）Everyone should try his best to help different kinds of international charities to help those who need help around us because we are family.
Ⅱ Type of the lesson
Reading lesson
Ⅲ Teaching aims
By the end of the lesson，students should be able to:
1.Memorize the new words and phrases.
2.Guess the meanings of new words and phrases through the pictures or from the context.
3.Form good reading habits and use the reading skills to find the information in their further study.
4.Experience the feeling of success and team spirit.
5.Learn to be an effective reader and brave to communicate with others in English.
Ⅳ Teaching content
1.New words and phrases
2.Reading skills
3.Learn to help people
Ⅴ Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
1.New words and phrases
2.Retelling
3.Reading skills
Ⅵ Teaching aids
1.Pictures 2.Blackboard 3.Chalk 4.Computer
5.Multimedia 6.Projector
Ⅶ Teaching procedures
Step 1 Pre-reading（about 7－8 mins.）
【设计理念:首先教师通过回顾上一课时Welcome课型中所学的几个慈善组织，积极帮助学生创设一个真实而又轻松的语言学习环境，充分调动学生的学习积极性，激发他们阅读英语的兴趣。更重要的是为他们正式的英语阅读提供和主题相关的背景知识，同时培养他们的语篇赏析能力。教师在精心设计的情境下，自然地导入英语生词，为课堂上其他相关的语言活动做好必要的铺垫。】
T:Yesterday we learnt something about international charities.What international charities do you know？
S:ORBIS
Oxfam
UNICEF
WWF
T:Who does it help？
S:…
T:How does it help？
S:ORBIS the blind in poor areas uses its Flying Eye Hospital
Oxfam poor people
UNICEF build a better world for…，especially…
provide basic education for…
work for the equal rights of…
work to prevent the spread of…
WWF environment＆wild animals
（板书:Blind Flying Eye Hospital）
Step 2 While-reading（about 19－22 mins.）
（1）Fast reading（about 3－5 mins.）
【设计理念:运用自上而下模式，让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下熟练运用合适的阅读策略进行快速阅读。】
Activity 1 Free talk
T:Amy is interested in ORBIS.She found an interview with an ORBIS doctor.Who is the doctor？
S:Dr.Ma.
T:I put this interview into four parts.
Lines 1－6，7－15，16－20，21－26.
Activity 2 Tell the main idea
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下熟练运用扫读策略进行快速阅读。】
T:Read and find the main ideas of each paragraph.
S:Lines 1－6 sth.about blindness
Lines 7－15 the work of ORBIS
Lines 16－20 Dr.Ma's work and his feeling
Lines 21－26 Dr.Ma's hope
（2）Careful reading（about 16－17 mins.）
【设计理念:精读训练旨在让学生通过多个不同任务的达成培养和运用相关的阅读技巧，从而使学生在教师的指导下进一步加深对文章的理解，体会文本细节处理的艺术。】
Activity 1 Fill in the blanks
T:First，read Part 1 Something about blindness and fill in the blanks.
S:Blindness About 285 million people around theworld are blind，or have eyes problems，mostly in poor areas.
Something
good About 80 percent of these cases can be prevented or cured.
Something
bad Many people don't have money for medical treatment.
Activity 2 Retell
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下熟练运用思维导图或关键词句进行文本输出的复述操练。】
S:（Retell）
Activity 3 Answer the questions
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下掌握任务型阅读答题技巧，以及根据文本进行寻读的能力。】
T:So ORBIShelps them.Then how does ORBIS help？Read Part 2（Lines 7－15）and answer.
S:ORBISuses its Flying Eye Hospital to visit poor areas.
T:There volunteer doctors____________.
S:Do operations.
T:Where do they do operations？
S:On the plane.
T:So the plane is also used as____________.
S:A training plane
Activity 4 Retell
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下熟练运用思维导图或关键词句进行文本输出的复述操练。】
T:Now let's retell together.
S:…
T:Why don't they work in a hospital？
S:Patients.
Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital，so we have to go to them.
Local doctors and nurses.
They are invited on board.
T:What can local doctors and nurses do on the plane？
Learn about____________.
Learn about____________.
S:Eye operations，new skills
T:They hope to help more people by____________.
S:Training them
Activity 5 Make a flow chart
【设计理念:流程图的设计旨在帮助学生进一步把握文本篇章的结构和功能。大多数学生在细节处理方面可能比较好，但总结概括的能力一般都比较弱，所以非常有必要平时对学生进行这方面的操练】
T:Read again Lines 7－15 and make a flow chart to show how ORBIShelps people.
S:ORBIS，a charity
…
Activity 6 Retell
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下熟练运用思维导图或关键词句进行文本输出的复述操练。】
T:Now try to retell them.
S:…
Activity 7 Answer the questions
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下掌握任务型阅读答题技巧，以及根据文本进行寻读的能力。】
T:We know Dr.Ma is a volunteer doctor there.Now read Part 3 Lines16－20 and answer how many operations Dr.Ma does during a visit.
S:During the last visit，150 patients were operated on.
T:The interviewer and Dr.Ma have different feelings.
S:The interviewer says，“You're doing a really important job.”
Dr.Ma says，“I'm proud to help people see again and improve their lives.”
Activity 8 Retell
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下熟练运用思维导图或关键词句进行文本输出的复述操练。】
T:Please retell Part 3 according to the chart.
S:…
Activity 9 Read and answer＆Retell
【设计理念:让学生在任务型教学模式的指导下掌握任务型阅读答题技巧，以及根据文本进行寻读的能力。同时教师特别注重在学生语言学习的输入和输出方面进行一定程度的平衡。】
T:In last part，Dr.Ma says something about his hope.
Read and answer:
①What can happen when modern medicine is developing quickly？
More eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.
②What do they need？
More money is needed to carry on with their work.
S:…
T:More people will support them.Now let's retell this part.
S:…
Step 3 Post-reading:Group work（about 8－10 mins.）
【设计理念:这个小组活动旨在让学生在适合的语言环境中，主动参与到和主题相关的交流与讨论中，从而帮助学生加深对ORBIS的理解。】
T:Now suppose some of your group members work in ORBIS.They are volunteer doctors.The other students have eye problems and want to get help from ORBIS.Now make up a dialogue，and ask for the information you want to know about ORBIS.3 minutes to prepare.
S:…
Step 4 Homework
【设计理念:作业设计旨在让学生温故知新。古语曰:凡事预则立，不预则废。预习新知也是学习必不可少的一个环节。】
（1）Recite the whole passage.
（2）Preview Reading 2.
Ⅷ Blackboard design
8B Unit 7 International charities—ReadingⅠAn interview with an ORBISdoctor
80% cases can be prevented or cured
don't have money for medical treatment
Dr. Ma 's wo rk 150 were operated on
is developing quickly
is needed
carry on with
Ⅸ Teaching reflection
本节课能很好地帮助学生在进行不同阅读策略的训练的同时加深对文本的理解力和解读力。学生在教师的精心指导下能够一步一个脚印，有条不紊地进行泛读和精读。
这节课优点在于:首先，课堂一开始从复习上一课型Welcome的4个慈善组织入手，学生很轻松且拥有较好的情感进入到英语课堂中来。其次，教师将部分新学的生词短语放到具体的情境中去呈现和学习，而不是单纯地灌输单调的词性变化。最后，老师所设计的活动贴近学生生活和学生的当前认知水平，学生易于理解和接受。
但是老师没有把控好课堂活动的时间，导致最后一个活动学生展现的人数不是很多。
点评：
整节课的设计运用“自上而下”的教学模式，以任务型教学方式展开。这种模式是通过师生互动、生生互动中从课堂预设到动态形成。教师从“学”的角度来设计教学内容，学生的活动具有明确的目标及指向具体的操作要求。
读前活动设计了一个3—4分钟的复习环节，教师采用谈话的方式和学生进一步熟悉一些慈善机构，共同探讨有关慈善机构的背景知识，通过不断丰富背景知识来刺激学生通过联想自己的既存知识来挖掘即将学习的相关知识，突出背景知识对理解的作用。
读中活动中设计了自由对话、找到段落的主旨大意、填空、回答问题、制作流程图以及复述课文等活动。在每一项的活动中，学生的大脑始终处于一种激活状态，引起学生的共鸣和兴趣，所以整个学习过程都是积极主动的，学生有话可说，有感而发，他们获得的不仅仅是现成的知识点，还有语言运用的能力。而且随着教学任务的不断深化以及学生语言能力的不断提高，整个语言学习的过程会越趋自动化和自主化，学生越能创造性地表达自己的思想。并且在每一个教学环节中教师都有一些微技能的渗透，且不停地提示学生阅读技巧。教师在整个过程中始终是语言习得的促进者、答疑者和向导。师生的语言活动是语言感知→语言理解→操练交际→运用创新，最后实现融会贯通。
本设计在复述课文环节辅助思维导图，就像拿着地图走路一样，学生在记忆所学的阅读材料时不再逐字逐句地“背”英语，而是依据一定的线索“说”英语，培养学生辨认中心思想、记忆具体事实和重要细节的习惯，实现框架到成文的质变。思维导图的运用能发散学生的思维，有效地激发、丰富和巩固阅读过程中所需的语言图式、内容图式和形式图式。作者可以尝试在读前阶段，利用思维导图激活学生的背景知识和已有的语言知识；在读中阶段，运用思维导图丰富学生的语言知识、篇章结构和内容话题；在读后阶段，通过思维导图巩固学生的内容、语言和形式图式，运用思维导图帮助学生提高对阅读材料的深层理解和评价性理解的能力，记忆阅读材料和运用阅读材料的信息进行交流的能力。