第一章 中国共和国的摇篮——赣州
Chapter One The Cradle of the Republic of China ---Ganzhou
1.“红色首都”---瑞金
瑞金是举世闻名的红色故都,是江西省首批省级历史文化名城。它位于江西省赣州市，赣州位于中国华东地区江西省南部，是江西省内人口最多，面积最大的城市。1931 年11月7日，中国共产党创建的第一个全国性红色政权--中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府在这里宣告成立，并把瑞金定为首都，成为全国苏区的政治、经济、军事和文化的中心。毛泽东、周恩来、朱德、邓小平等一大批中国先进文化的缔造者和传播者长期生活战斗在瑞金。他们创造传播的先进文化与瑞金本土文化相互激荡，互相湍养，孕育形成了独具特色的苏区文化。因此，瑞金被称为“红色首都”“共和国摇篮”，人民共和国从这里走来。
1. The “Red Capital”----Ruijin
Ruijin is a famous city for its red history culture, and is also one of the first batch of provincial historical and cultural cities. It is located in Ganzhou, Jiangxi province. Ganzhou lies in the south of Jiangxi province in the east China, and has the largest number of population and largest area in Jiangxi Province. On November 7th,1931,the first national Red political power-- Interim Central Government of Soviet Republic of China was founded by Chinese Communist Party, with Ruijin being its capital. Ruijin then became the economic, political, military and cultural center of Soviet Area. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and others who created and communicated the Chinese advanced culture had lived in Ruijin for a long time. The advanced culture they created and communicated mutually reacted and nourished with local culture, thus formed the unique Soviet culture. Therefore, Ruijin is called the “the Red Capital”and “the Cradle of the Republic”.People’s Republic was born in here.
2.红军长征始发地---于都县
于都隶属于赣州市，位于赣州市东部，面积约2893平方公里。1934年10月，中央红军主力8.6万人集结于于都，从8个渡口渡过于都河，开始了举世闻名的二万五千里长征。故而，于都成为中央红军长征主要出发地。于都有6.8万人参加红军，有史可查的烈士16336人。
2. The Starting Place of the Long March ----Yudu county
Yudu is a county, which is located in the east of Ganzhou City, covering an area of 2893 square kms. In October 1934, the major force of Central Red Army, 86,000 soldiers or so assembled at Yudu. They crossed the Yudu River from 8 fords, and began the famous Long March of 25000 kms. Therefore, Yudu became the major starting place of the Long March. There are 68,000 people joined the army in Yudu, among them, 16,336 martyrs’ detailed records are available.
3.“将军县”---兴国县
兴国位于赣州市北部，是全国著名的苏区模范县、将军县和烈士县。毛泽东、朱德、周恩来、陈毅等老一辈无产阶级革命家都曾在兴国工作和战斗过。苏区时期,23万人口的兴国县有8万多人参军参战，为国捐躯的达5万多人，其中姓名可考的烈士达23179名，占全国烈士总数的六十分之一。长征途中有12038名兴国籍的红军牺牲,几乎每一公里长征路就有-名兴国籍将土倒下。在血与火、生与死的考验中,兴国孕育了肖华、陈奇涵等54位共和国开国将军。因此，兴国被称为“将军县”。
3. The County of Generals ---Xingguo county
Xingguo lies in the north of Ganzhou city. It is a well-known model county of Soviet Area, county of generals and county of martyrs. Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and other proletariat revolutionists had lived in here. During the Soviet Area period, there were more than 80,000 people joined the army in this county whose population only had 230,000 people. More than 50,000 people sacrificed their lives for the nation. Among them, 23,179 martyrs’ name were recorded. This number occupied 1/60 of the whole nation’s martyrs. During the Long March, there were 12,038 soldiers coming from Xingguo lost their lives. That is to say, almost one Xingguo soldier sacrificed when the troops moved forward every one kilometer. In the tribulation of blood and fire, life and death, Xiao Hua，Chen Qihan and other 52 generals coming from Xingguo made great contribution to the founding of the republic. Therefore, Xingguo is called the county of generals.