第二章 八一南昌起义
Chapter Two Nanchang Uprising (1927)
八一南昌起义是土地革命战争时期中国共产党领导的部分北伐国民革命军在江西省南昌市举行的武装起义。1927 年4月和7月，中国国民党内的蒋介石集团和汪精卫集团勾结帝国主义和大地主大资产阶级相继在上海和武汉发动反革命政变，残酷屠杀共产党人和革命群众,使中国人民从1924年开始的国共合作的反帝反封建的大革命遭到失败。为了反抗国民党反动派的屠杀政策,挽救中国革命,以周恩来为代表的中国共产党人毅然决然地决定组织起义，迅速地将党尚能掌握和受党影响的部队集聚到南昌,于8月1日举行起义，打响了武装反抗国民党反动派的第一枪。南昌起义是中国共产党人独立地领导武装斗争、创建完全属于自己的革命军队的开始,南昌也因此被誉为“英雄城”、“军旗升起的地方”和“人民军队的摇篮”。
The August 1 Nanchang Uprising was an armed uprising held in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, by part of the Northern Expeditionary National Revolutionary Army led by the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolutionary War. In April and July 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei in the Kuomintang collaborated with the imperialists and the landlord's big bourgeoisie to stage counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Wuhan, brutally slaughtering the Communists and revolutionary masses, and defeating the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution, which the Chinese people had cooperated with the Communist Party of China since 1924. In order to resist the KMT reactionaries' massacre policy and save the Chinese revolution, the Chinese Communists, represented by Zhou Enlai, decided resolutely to organize the uprising, and quickly gathered the forces that the Party could still control and influenced by the Party to Nanchang, and held an uprising on August 1st, firing the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries. The Nanchang Uprising was the beginning of the Chinese Communists' independent leadership of the armed struggle and the creation of a revolutionary army of their own, and Nanchang was also known as the "City of Heroes", "Where the Military Flag Raised" and "The Cradle of the People's Army".
1.起义的历史背景The historical background of the uprising
正当北伐战争节节胜利蓬勃发展之际，代表大地主、大资产阶级利益的蒋介石、汪精卫先后背叛革命。他们向共产党人和工农群众举起了血腥的屠刀，大革命被淹没在一片腥风血雨之中。八一南昌起义是中国共产党处于危难状况下为挽救革命而做出的英明决定。
Just when the victory of the Northern Expedition War Festival was booming, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, representing the interests of the landlords and the big bourgeoisie, betrayed the revolution. They held up bloody butcher knives to the Communists and the workers and peasants, and the Revolution was drowned in a bloody rain. The August 1 Nanchang Uprising was a wise decision made by the Communist Party of China in a critical situation to save the revolution.
1926年11月，北伐军占领南昌后,南昌成为国民革命军总司令部所在地。担任国民革命军总司令的蒋介石，以南昌为中心，紧锣密鼓地同内外反动派勾结，暴露出反革命的狰狞面目。1927 年1月他指使亲信占据江西省国民党省党部，镇压农民运动，捣毁赣州总工会；3月6日，枪杀赣州总工会会长陈赞贤。“赣州惨案”震惊全国。
In November 1926, after the Northern Expedition occupied Nanchang, Nanchang became the seat of the General Command of the National Revolutionary Army. Chiang Kai-shek, who served as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, took Nanchang as the center and closely colluded with the internal and external reactionaries, revealing the ferocious face of the counter-revolution. In January 1927, he ordered cronies to occupy the party departments of the Kuomintang provinces of Jiangxi Province, suppress the peasant movement, and destroy the Ganzhou Federation of Trade unions. On March 6, he shot Chen Zanxian, president of Ganzhou General Industry. The "Ganzhou tragedy" shocked the whole country.
1927年4月12日凌晨，在蒋介石的指使下，一群“青洪帮”流氓袭击了上海工人纠察队，收缴枪械、杀伤纠察队员达300余人，总工会也被洗劫一空。第二天，上海20万工人举行大罢工，并畏雨游行请愿。当游行队伍走到宝山路时，遭到军警血腥屠杀，300多名工人被当场打死，伤无数。这就是震惊中外的“四一二”反革命政变。大批共产党员和群众被捕，仅3天时间，就有500多人被捕，5000多人失踪。共产党员陈延年、赵世炎、汪寿华等惨遭杀害。
In the early hours of April 12, 1927, at the direction of Chiang Kai-shek, a group of "Qinghong Gang" hooligans attacked the Shanghai workers picket team, seized firearms, killing and wounding pickets more than 300 people, the General Trade Union was also ransacked - empty. The next day, 200,000 workers in Shanghai went on strike and marched in the stomach to petition. When the procession walked to Baoshan Road, was brutally massacred by military police, more than 300 workers were killed on the spot, injured countless. This is the "four.-two" counter-revolutionary coup that shocked China and abroad. A large number of Communists and the masses were arrested, and in just three days, more than 500 people were arrested and more than 5,000 were missing. Communist Party members Chen Yannian, Zhao Shiyan, Wang Shouhua and others were killed.
各地反动派屠刀四起。广西、广东、江苏、浙江福建、四川等省反动势力也相继举行了反共反人民的屠杀，共产党优秀干部萧楚女、罗亦农、熊雄等先后被杀。4月28日，中国共产党的创始人之一、中共北方区委书记李大钊在北平惨遭杀害。
The reactionary swords were everywhere. The reactionary forces in Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, and other provinces have also held massacres against the Communist Party and the people one after another, and the outstanding cadres of the Communist Party, Xiao Chunu, Luo Yinong, and Xiong Xiong, have been killed one after another. On April 28, Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China and secretary of the Party's northern regional party committee, was killed in Peiping.
5月21日，许克祥在长沙制造“马日事变”，屠杀共产党员和革命群众；7月15日，汪精卫集团在武汉悍然发出“宁可枉杀千人，不可使一人漏网”的口号，大规模地逮捕、屠杀共产党人和革命群众。而中国共产党内以陈独秀为代表的右倾投降派对于国民党反动派的进攻却采取了一味妥协退让的态度，助长了武汉汪精卫集团的嚣张气焰，“宁汉合流”终使轰轰烈烈的大革命遭到失败。
On 21 May, Xu Kexiang made a "horse-day incident" in Changsha and massacred Communist Party members and revolutionary masses. On 15 July, Wang Jingwei Group blatantly issued the slogan "it is better to kill thousands of people in vain than to make one of them miss the net" in Wuhan, arresting and slaughtering Communists and revolutionary masses on a large scale. However, the right-leaning capitalists represented by Chen Duxiu in the Communist Party of China adopted a conciliatory and conciliatory attitude towards the attack of the Kuomintang reactitioners, which contributed to the arrogance of the Wang Jingwei Group in Wuhan. The "Ning-Han confluence" eventually led to the defeat of the vigorous revolution.
2.酝酿和决定起义的经过The process of brewing and deciding the uprising
面对国民党右派的反动行径，共产党人、国民党左派和革命群众奋起抗争。4月22日,宋庆龄、邓演达何香凝、谭平山、吴玉章、林祖涵、毛泽东等39人，联名发表讨蒋通电。“四一二”政变后,周恩来、赵世炎、罗亦农、陈延年、李立三等联名上书中共中央，主张武装抵抗，迅速出师讨伐蒋介石。毛泽东等领导的全国农民协会临时执行委员会，连续发表通电和训令，号召各地农协严密组织，武装起来，抵抗一切反动势力。
In the face of the reactionary acts of the Kuomintang Rightists, the Communists, the Kuomintang left and the revolutionary masses rose up to fight. On 22 April, 39 people, including Song Qingling, Deng Yanda he Xiangning, Tan Pingshan, Wu Yuzhang, Lin Zuhan, and Mao Zedong, jointly issued a petition for Chiang Kai-shek's power. After the "fourth and 12th" coup d'é tat, Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan, Luo Yinong, Chen Yannian, and Li Lishan jointly wrote to the CPC Central Committee, advocating armed resistance and quickly coming out to attack Chiang Kai-shek. The interim Executive Committee of the National Farmers' Association, led by Mao Zedong and others, has continuously issued electricity and instructions calling on local agricultural associations to organize closely, arm themselves, and resist reactionary forces.
为了反抗国民党反动派的屠杀政策，挽救中国革命，中共中央于7月12日进行改组，停止了陈独秀右倾投降主义的领导，改组政治局，由张国焘、李维汉、周恩来、李立三、张太雷组成中央临时政治局常务委员会。下旬,决定集合自己掌握和影响的部分国民革命军,并联合以张发奎为总指挥的第二方面军南下广东，会合当地革命力量，实行土地革命,恢复革命根据地，然后举行新的北伐。
In order to resist the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactitioners and save the Chinese revolution, the CPC Central Committee reorganized on 12 July, stopped Chen Duxiu's right-leaning capitulationist leadership, and reorganized the political Bureau. Zhang Guotao, Li Weihan, Zhou Enlai, Li Lishan, and Zhang Tailei formed the standing Committee of the Central Provisional political Bureau. In late 2010, it was decided to assemble some of the national revolutionary armies under their own control and influence, and to unite the second army under the command of Zhang Fakui to go south to Guangdong, to join the local revolutionary forces, to carry out the agrarian revolution, to restore the revolutionary base areas, and then to hold a new Northern Expedition.
7月20日，因发现张发奎投奔了汪精卫，谭平山、李立三、邓中夏、吴玉章、叶挺、聂荣臻等中共重要领导人在九江先后三次开会，建议采取“独立的军事行动”，在南昌暴动，武装反抗国民党反动派。
On 20 July, key leaders of the Communist Party of China, such as Tan Pingshan, Li Lishan, Deng Zhongxia, Wu Yuzhang, Ye Ting, and Nie Rongzhen, met three times in Jiujiang for the discovery of Zhang Fakui defecting to Wang Jingwei, Tan Pingshan, Li Lishan, Deng Zhongxia, Wu Yuzhang, Ye Ting, and Nie Rongzhen, and suggested taking "independent military action" to revolt against the Kuomintang reactitioners in Nanchang.
7月24日张发奎正式通知贺龙、叶挺把所辖部队集中到江西德安，要求贺、叶本人立即到庐山参加军事会议,企图乘机解除贺、叶的兵权。第四军参谋长叶剑英得知军事会议将要“清共”的内情后，急忙找到叶挺。随即，贺龙、叶挺、叶剑英等五人在九江甘棠湖的一条小船上商定：贺、叶不上庐山开会，贺、叶部队不集中德安，而是迅速开进南昌。
On July 24, Zhang Fakui formally informed He long and Ye Ting that they had concentrated their troops under their jurisdiction in De an, Jiangxi Province, and demanded that He and Ye himself immediately go to Lushan to attend a military meeting in an attempt to take the opportunity to lift the military rights of He and Ye. Ye Jianying, chief of staff of the fourth Army, hastened to find Ye Ting when he learned that the military meeting was about to "clear the Communist Party." Immediately, He long, Ye Ting, Ye Jianying and other five people agreed on a small boat in Gantang Lake in Jiujiang: He and Ye did not go to Lushan for a meeting, and He and Ye troops did not concentrate on De an but quickly drove into Nanchang.
中共中央在得到李立三等人建议在南昌暴动的提议后，经研究正式决定在南昌举行武装起义。决定由周恩来、李立三、恽代英、彭湃等4人组成党的前敌委员会，周恩来任书记，领导起义。当时，预定参加起义的部队有：国民革命军第二方面军第十一军第二十四师、第十师，第二十军全部，第四军第二十五师第七十三团、第七十五团，以及第五方面军第三军军官教育团和南昌军官教育团，共计2万余人。
After receiving the proposal of Li Lishan and others for the Nanchang uprising, the CPC Central Committee made a formal decision after study. An armed uprising was held in Nanchang. It was decided that four members, Zhou Enlai, Li Lishan, Yun Daying, and Peng Pai, would form the party's former enemy committee, and Zhou Enlai would serve as secretary and lead the uprising. At that time, the troops scheduled to take part in the uprising were the 24th Division and the 10th Division of the 11th Army of the second side of the National Revolutionary Army, all of the 20th Army, the 73rd regiment and the 75th regiment of the 25th Division of the fourth Army, as well as the third Army Officer Education regiment of the Fifth Army and the Nanchang Officer Education regiment, with a total of more than 20,000 personnel.
7月下旬，第二十军、第十一军分别在贺龙和叶挺指挥下，陆续由九江等地向南昌集中。这是中国共产党第一次明确地提出独立地在南昌举行武装起义的主张，表明了党对掌握革命武装和进行武装斗争的新认识。
In late July, the 20th Army and the 11th Army, under the command of He long and Ye Ting, respectively, concentrated from Jiujiang and other places to Nanchang. This is the first time that the Communist Party of China has clearly put forward the idea of independently holding an armed uprising in Nanchang, which shows the CPC’s new understanding of mastering revolutionary armed forces and carrying out armed struggle.
3.起义的经过与结果The course and result of the uprising
1927年7月27日，在贺、叶部队进驻南昌后，中共前委书记周恩来从武汉来到南昌。当日，周恩来在江西大旅社召集会议，根据中央决定，宣布成立党的前敌委员会:除周恩来、李立三恽代英、彭湃4名前委成员外，谭平山也列席前委会议。前委决定:起义日期由28日推迟到30日，由贺龙任第二方面军代总指挥,叶挺任前敌代总指挥，统一指挥起义部队作战行动。
On July 27, 1927, after He and Ye troops stationed in Nanchang, Zhou Enlai, former secretary of the CPC Committee, came to Nanchang from Wuhan. On the same day, Zhou Enlai called a meeting at the Jiangxi Hotel and, in accordance with the decision of the Central Committee, announced the establishment of the Party's former enemy committee: in addition to Zhou Enlai, Li Lishan Yun Daying, and Peng Pai, Tan Pingshan also attended the meeting. The former committee decided that the date of the uprising was postponed from the 28th to the 30th, with He Long as the acting commander-in-chief of the second side of the army, and Ye Ting as the acting commander-in-chief of the former enemy.
7月30日，张国焘以中央代表的身份来到南昌，当即召开前委会议，讨论起义问题。张国焘主张极力拉拢张发奎，得到张发奎的同意，否则不可举行起义；周恩来、恽代英等坚决反对，经过斗争，前委排除了中央代表张国焘的干扰，做出最后决定：8月1日凌晨4时举行起义。周恩来签发了由叶挺起草、以第二方面军代总指挥贺龙和前敌代总指挥叶挺名义颁布的绝密作战命令：“我军为达到解决南昌敌军的目的，决定于明日四时开始向城内外所驻敌军进攻，一举而歼之！”起义军的服装标志是：脖子上系红领带，夜里左胳膊扎白毛巾；手电、马灯都蒙上红十字作标志。口令“河山统一”。
On 30 July, Zhang Guotao came to Nanchang as a representative of the Central Committee and immediately held a meeting of the former Committee to discuss the uprising. Zhang Guotao advocated that efforts should be made to attract Zhang Fakui and obtain the consent of Zhang Fakui, otherwise an uprising could not be held. Zhou Enlai and Yun Daiying were firmly opposed. After struggle, the former Committee ruled out the interference of Zhang Guotao, a representative of the Central Committee, and made a final decision: an uprising would be held at 4: 00 a.m. on 1 August. Zhou Enlai issued a top-secret combat order drafted by Ye Ting and issued in the name of acting commander-in-chief of the second army and Ye Ting of the former enemy: "In order to achieve the purpose of resolving the enemy forces in Nanchang, our army decided to attack and wipe out the enemy troops stationed inside and outside the city at 04:00 in the tomorrow." The insurgents wear a red tie around their necks and white towels in their left arms at night. Flashlights and horse lights are covered with the Red Cross as signs. Password "Unification of River and Mountain"
1927年7月31日晚，各部队负责人根据前委指示，分别在各主要攻击地点指挥战斗。贺龙、刘伯承在宏道中学第二十军指挥部，叶挺在心远中学第二十四师指挥部。市内各主要街道，安置了起义军的岗哨。由于第二十军一团的一个副营长投敌叛变，周恩来果断决定，起义提前到8月1日凌晨2时。
On the evening of 31 July 1927, in accordance with the instructions of the former Commission, the heads of forces directed the fighting at each of the main attack sites. He long and Liu Bocheng are in the 20th Army Command of Hongdao Middle School, and Ye Ting is in the headquarters of the 24th Division of Xinyuan Middle School. The main streets of the city are equipped with rebel sentry posts. As a result of the defection of a deputy commander of the 20th Army and a regiment, Zhou Enlai decisively decided that the uprising would be advanced to 2: 00 a.m. on August 1.
1927年8月1日凌晨将近2点钟，起义部队两万余人，在周恩来、贺龙、叶挺、朱德、刘伯承等的指挥下，向敌人的各驻地发起了猛烈的进攻，全城内外响起了一片激烈的枪声。经过4个多小时的激烈战斗，全歼守敌3000余人，缴获各种枪械5000余支，子弹70万发，大炮数门。
At nearly 2 o’clock in the morning of August 1, 1927, more than 20,000 uprising troops under the command of Zhou Enlai, He long, Ye Ting, Zhu de, Liu Bocheng, and so on, launched a fierce attack on the enemy sites, and there was a fierce sound of gunfire inside and outside the city. After more than four hours of fierce fighting, more than 3000 people were wiped out and more than 5000 guns, 700000 rounds of bullets and several cannons were seized.
8月1日，聂荣臻、周士第根据中共前委的指示，领导国民革命军第四军二十五师大部，在九江马回岭起义，并在德安火车站缴了前来追击的张发奎卫队营的枪械后，率起义部队开赴南昌。
In accordance with the instructions of the former Communist Party of China Committee, Yu Rongrong and Zhou Shiti led the 25th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, which in the Jiujiang Ma Huiling Uprising, and after paying the gun of the Zhang Fakui Guard Battalion who had come to pursue it at De'an Railway Station, led the uprising troops to Nanchang.
起义胜利后，成立了中国国民党革命委员会，推举宋庆龄、邓演达、贺龙、周恩来等25人为委员，由宋庆龄、邓演达等7人组成主席团。以宋庆龄等人的名义发表《中央委员会宣言》，揭露蒋介石、汪精卫背叛革命的罪行，号召一切革命者团结起来，继承孙中山的遗志，继续为反对帝国主义与解决土地问题奋斗。同时，在前委的主持下，将参加起义的部队进行了整编。部队仍沿用国民革命军第二方面军的番号，任命贺龙为二方面军代总指挥，叶挺为二方面军前敌代总指挥。二方面军下辖3个军，共2万余人：第二十军，贺龙任军长，廖乾吾任党代表；第十一军，叶挺任军长，聂荣臻任党代表；第九军，朱德任副军长，朱克靖任党代表。整编后的军队，已经不再是国民党所属的旧式军队，也不是统一战线性质的军队，而是一支由无产阶级政党——中国共产党独立领导的、为广大人民群众的利益而奋斗的革命军队了。
After the victory of the uprising, a revolutionary committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was set up, and 25 members, including Song Qingling, Deng Yanda, he long, and Zhou Enlai, were elected as members, and seven members, including Song Qingling and Deng Yanda, formed the presidium. On behalf of Song Qingling and others, he issued the "Declaration of the Central Committee", exposed the crimes committed by Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei in betraying the revolution, and called on all revolutionaries to unite, inherit the legacy of Sun Yat-sen, and continue to struggle against imperialism and solving the land problem. At the same time, under the aegis of the former Committee, the units participating in the intifada were integrated. The army still followed the name of the second army of the National Revolutionary Army, appointing he long as the acting commander-in-chief of the two-side army and Ye Ting as the acting commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the two-side army. There are more than 20,000 troops under the jurisdiction of the two armed forces: the 20th Army, where he long is the commander of the army, and Liao Qianwu as the party representative; the tenth and first army, Ye Ting as the commander of the army, and Nie Rongzhen as the party representative; and the ninth army, Zhu de as the deputy commander, and Zhu Kejing as the party representative. The integrated army is no longer the old army to which the Kuomintang belongs, nor is it an army of the nature of the United front, but a revolutionary army independently led by the proletarian party, the Communist Party of China, fighting for the interests of the broad masses of the people.
南昌起义使国民党反动派大为震惊。汪精卫调朱培德的第三、第九两军主力向南昌急进，妄图包围南昌，消灭起义部队。面对这种形势，前委决定：起义军按原定计划，南下广东，夺取海口，求得外援，重建广东根据地，再次举行北伐。
The Nanchang uprising shocked the Kuomintang reactionaries. Wang Jingwei transferred the main forces of Zhu Peide third and ninth armed forces to Nanchang in an attempt to encircle Nanchang and eliminate the uprising forces. In the face of this situation, the former Committee decided that, as originally planned, the Rebellion went south to Guangdong, seized Haikou, sought foreign assistance, rebuilt the Guangdong base areas, and held another Northern Expedition.
8月3日至5日，起义军撤出南昌。8月8日起义军到达临川。原拟参加南昌起义的陈毅，与周恩来、朱德等领导人汇合，留在起义军中工作。为了稳定起义队伍，前委在临川对部队进行了整顿。组织上，整顿党的组织，成立第九军，朱德任军长；政治上，沿途对群众开展宣传；军事上，严格军队纪律。临川整顿，扭转了起义军从南昌出发以来的被动局面。接下来的近半个多月；起义军先后到达宜黄、广昌、宁都、石城及瑞金。值得一提的是起义军于当月30号攻占会昌县城，取得了南征以来的重大胜利，解除了起义军南征的后顾之忧。
From 3 to 5 August, the Rebellion withdrew from Nanchang. The Rebellion arrived in Linchuan on August 8. Chen Yi, who originally planned to take part in the Nanchang uprising, joined forces with Zhou Enlai, Zhu de, and other leaders to work in the Rebellion. In order to stabilize the ranks of the uprising, the former committee rectified the troops in Linchuan. In terms of organization, we should rectify the organization of the Party, set up the Ninth Army, and Zhu de served as commander of the army; politically, publicize the masses along the way; and, militarily, strictly discipline the army. The rectification of Linchuan reversed the passive situation of the Rebellion since its departure from Nanchang. Over the next half month, the insurgents arrived in Yihuang, Guangchang, Ningdu, Shicheng and Ruijin. It is worth mentioning that the Rebellion captured Huichang County on the 30th of that month, won a major victory since the Southern Expedition, and relieved the Rebellion of its worries about the Southern Expedition.
会昌战斗后，起义军又集中到瑞金。9月上旬，起义部队陆续开进汀州。在汀州期间，前委召开会议，再次讨论有关重大政策和军事行动问题。同月18日和26日，起义军先后进行了两次分兵。28日下午，起义军前锋部队第二十四师行军过程中，与敌王俊的警备旅相遇，于是爆发了山湖之战。打了两天两夜,敌我均有大量伤亡，最终以总指挥下达撤出战斗的命令而结束。之后一部分部队突围到海陆丰与彭湃会合，开展游击战。
After the battle, the rebels concentrated on Ruijin. In early September, rebel forces moved into Tinzhou. During his stay in Tinju, the former commission met to discuss major policy and military action again. On the 18th and 26th of the same month, the Rebels divided forces twice. On the afternoon of the 28th, during the march of the 24th Division of the Rebel Seine-forward force, he met with the guard brigade of the enemy Wang Jun, and the battle of the mountain and lake broke out. After two days and two nights of fighting, the enemy and I suffered a large number of casualties, which ended with the commander-in-chief ordering the withdrawal of the fighting. Then part of the troops broke out to the land and congregated with Peng pai, to carry out guerrilla warfare.
从山湖之战撤退出的起义军，在朱德、陈毅的率领下，转战闽粤赣边地区,于10月21日从福建武平县到达江西安远县的天心圩。随后在天心圩、大余县和崇义县上堡等地，进行了著名的“赣南三整”，使这支濒临瓦解的起义部队走向团结纪律性加强，战斗力提高，为成为一支新型的人民军队奠定了初步基础。
The rebels, who retreated from the Battle of Shanhu, under the leadership of Zhu De and Chen Yi, turned to the Guangdong-Guangdong border area and arrived in Tianxin, Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province, from Wuping County, Fujian Province, on October 21. Subsequently, in Tianxin, Dayu County and Chongyi County, Shanghai Fort and other places, carried out the famous "Three-South" so that the near-collapse of the rebel forces towards unity and discipline to strengthen, combat effectiveness improved, for a new type of people's army laid a preliminary foundation.
11月中旬，当得知毛泽东率领的秋收起义部队已上井冈山后，朱德派毛泽东的胞弟毛泽覃前往联系。与此同时，朱德利用与滇军第十六军军长范石生的旧交，建立统一战线关系,决定在保持独立自主的条件下与之合作。随后,朱德陈毅率领部队进入湘南，于1928年1月发动湘南农民暴动。同年4月,朱德陈毅率领南昌起义部队和湘南农军到达宁冈县龙市，与毛泽东率领的湘赣边秋收起义部队胜利会师。
In mid-November, when he learned that the autumn harvest uprising forces led by Mao Zedong had gone to Jinggangshan, Zhu de sent Mao Zedong's younger brother, Mao Zedong Qin, to contact him. At the same time, Zhu de made use of his old friendship with Fan Shisheng, commander of the 16th Dian Army, to establish a United front relationship and decided to cooperate with him under the condition of maintaining independence. Subsequently, Zhu de and Chen Yi led the troops into southern Hunan and launched a peasant uprising in southern Hunan in January 1928. In April of the same year, Zhu de and Chen Yi led the Nanchang uprising troops and the Xiangnan peasant army to Longshi, Ninggang County, and successfully joined the autumn harvest uprising forces on the edge of Hunan and Jiangxi led by Mao Zedong.
4、南昌起义的影响和意义The influence and significance of Nanchang uprising
南昌起义因敌人力量过于强大，主观指导上缺乏经验，没有与湘鄂赣地区的农民运动相结合，开展土地革命战争，而是孤军南下广东；加上两次分兵，使得敌人得以各个击破等原因，最后遭致失败。南昌起义虽然失败了，但它是中国共产党人的伟大创举，在全党和全国人民面前树立起一面鲜明的武装斗争旗帜，充分地表现了中国共产党和中国人民不畏强敌、前仆后继的革命精神，对中国的历史发展产生了深刻的影响，具有极其重要的历史意义。
The Nanchang uprising, because the enemy was too powerful and inexperienced in subjective guidance, did not combine with the peasant movement in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi to carry out the land revolutionary war, but went south to Guangdong alone; coupled with the two separate troops, the enemy was able to break through each other, and finally suffered defeat. Although the Nanchang uprising failed, it was a great creation of the Chinese Communists. It set up a distinct banner of armed struggle in front of the whole party and the people of the whole country, fully demonstrating the revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people not afraid of strong enemies, and had a profound impact on Chinese historical development, and has extremely important historical significance.
首先，南昌起义打响了武装反抗国民党反动派的第一枪。它用血与火的语言，宣告了中国共产党人不畏强暴、坚持革命的坚强决心，沉重地打击了国民党反动派的嚣张气焰，极大地鼓舞了全国人民的革命斗志。它在全国人民面前树立起一面革命武装斗争的旗帜，标志着中国共产党独立领导革命战争、创建人民军队和武装夺取政权的开始。
First of all, the Nanchang uprising fired the first shot at armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries. In the language of blood and fire, it declared the strong determination of the Chinese Communists not to fear rape and adhere to the revolution, dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Kuomintang reactionary faction, and greatly inspired the revolutionary fighting spirit of the people of the whole country. It has set up the banner of revolutionary armed struggle in front of the people of the whole country, marking the beginning of the Communist Party of China leading the revolutionary war independently, creating the people's army and seizing power by armed forces.
其次,南昌起义开启了中国革命的历史新阶段，从此中国革命进入了一个新的时期——土地革命战争时期。以南昌起义为起点，中国共产党开始独立领导土地革命和武装斗争,创建人民政权和人民军队。中国革命在经历大革命的严重失败之后重新兴起,走上了农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的正确道路。
Secondly, the Nanchang Uprising opened a new stage in the history of the Chinese revolution, from which the Chinese revolution entered a new period of a land revolutionary war period. Starting with the Nanchang uprising, the Communist Party of China began to lead the agrarian revolution and armed struggle independently, creating the people's power and the people's army. After the serious failure of the Great Revolution, the Chinese revolution emerged again and embarked on the right path of encircling the cities in the countryside and seizing power by armed forces.
再次，南昌起义开创了中国共产党领导人民军队的历史。1933 年，中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府决定以每年8月1日为中国工农红军纪念日。1949年，根据毛泽东主席的提议，中央军委决定在军旗、军徽上以“八一”作为中国人民解放军的标志。80 多年来，这支人民军队经历了枪林弹雨的战争考验，走过了波澜壮阔的辉煌历程，从小到大，从弱到强，成为保卫中国社会主义现代化建设和国防安全的重要力量。
Thirdly, the Nanchang Uprising opened up the history of the People's Army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. In 1933, the interim central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic decided to mark the anniversary of the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants on August 1st each year. In 1949, on the proposal of Chairman Mao Zedong, the Central Military Commission decided to use "81" as the symbol of the Chinese People's Liberation Army on the military flag and emblem. For more than 80 years, this people's army has undergone the war test of gun and rain, and has gone through a magnificent and glorious course, from small to large, from weak to strong, and has become an important force in safeguarding China's socialist modernization drive and national defense security.
最后，南昌起义铸造了人民军队的杰出将帅。从南昌起义中走出来的许多将士在漫长的革命战争征程中成长为中国人民解放军的杰出将帅。新中国建立后授衔的10位元帅中，贺龙、朱德、刘伯承、叶剑英、林彪、聂荣臻直接参加了南昌起义，10名大将中有粟裕、陈赓、许光达参加了南昌起义，至于被授予上将、中将、少将军衔的就更多了。
In the end, the Nanchang Uprising cast the outstanding general of the People's Army. Many of the generals who came out of the Nanchang uprising grew into the outstanding generals of the Chinese People's Liberation Army during the long journey of the Revolutionary War. Among the 10 Marshals awarded after the founding of New China, He Long, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Ye Jianying, Lin Yu, Yu Rongrong directly participated in the Nanchang Uprising, and the 10 generals, including Su Yu, Chen Yu and Xu Guangda, participated in the Nanchang Uprising, and more were awarded the rank of Admiral, Lieutenant General and Major General.