第一章 中国人民军队的摇篮——南昌

Chapter One the Cradle of Chinese People's Army——Nanchang

南昌，简称 “洪”或“昌”，古称豫章、洪都，是江西省省会。南昌因“昌大南疆、南方昌盛”而得名，是江西省的政治、经济、文化、科教和交通中心。南昌是国家历史文化名城，1927年，南昌八一起义，在此诞生了中国共产党第一支独立领导的人民军队，是著名的革命英雄城市，被誉为人民军队的摇篮。

Nanchang, abbreviated as "Hong" or "Chang", is the capital of Jiangxi Province. Nanchang is named after "Great southern territory and southern prosperity". It is the political, economic, cultural, scientific, educational and transportation center of Jiangxi Province. Nanchang is a famous historical and cultural city in China. In 1927, the August 1 Uprising in Nanchang gave birth to the first independently led people's army of the Communist Party of China. It is a famous revolutionary hero city and known as the cradle of the people's army.

1．地理环境geographical environment

南昌市地处江西中部偏北，赣江、抚河下游，鄱阳湖西南岸，位于东经115°27'至116°35'、北纬28°10'至 29°11'之间。东连余干、东乡、南接临川、丰城、西靠高安、奉新、靖安，北与永修、都昌、鄱阳三县共鄱阳湖，南北最大纵距约121千米，东西最大横距约108千米，全境最高点梅岭主峰洗药湖中的洗药坞，海拔841.4米。全境以鄱阳湖平原为主，东南相对平坦，西北为丘陵。

Nanchang City is located in the north-central jiangxi, the Weijiang River, the lower reaches of the Fuhe River, the south-west bank of Poyang Lake, located in the east longitude 115 degrees 27' to 116 degrees 35', the north latitude of 28 degrees 10' to 29 degrees 11'. Donglian Yugan, Dongxiang, south of Linchuan, Fengcheng, West by Gao'an, Fengxin, Jing'an, North and Yongxiu, Duchang, Puyang County, the largest north-south distance of about 121 kilometers, the largest cross-east distance of about 108 kilometers, the highest point in the whole area Meiling main peak wash water lake in the washing dock, elevation of 841.4 meters. The whole territory is mainly the Poyang Lake Plain, the southeast is relatively flat,  the northwest is hilly.

南昌自古以来就被誉为“襟三江而带五湖，控蛮荆而引瓯越”之地，是中国唯一一个毗邻长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和闽南金三角的省会中心城市，是连接三大重要经济圈（长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、海峡西岸经济区）的省际交通廊道。

Nanchang has been known since ancient times as the "Three Rivers with five lakes, control the jing and lead the cross", is China's only adjacent to the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Southern Golden Triangle of the provincial capital city, is connecting the three major economic circles (the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the West Coast Economic Zone of the Straits) inter-provincial traffic corridor.

2.历史简介brief introduction to the history of Nanchang

古代：南昌有着悠久的历史文化。现已发掘旧石器时代以来的古文化遗址近60处之多，最早有关南昌的文字记载见之于《禹贡》。

公元前202年，汉高祖刘邦派颖侯灌婴率兵进驻南昌，并修筑南昌城，俗称灌婴城，取“昌大南疆”和“南方昌盛”之意，定名“南昌”，并为豫章治郡，隋初为洪州治。唐、宋为江南西道及洪州治所，为东南有名的都会，故又称“洪都”。元、明、清历代皆为江西省治。历代冠盖云集，车马如流，人文荟萃，商贾络绎，楼台相望。

Nanchang has a long history and culture. Has been excavated since the Paleolithic ancient cultural sites as many as 60, the earliest written records of Nanchang can be seen in the "Yugong."

In 202 B.C., Han Gaozu Liubang sent a baby-inducted soldier into Nanchang, and built Nanchang City, commonly known as the city of irrigation baby, take the meaning of "Great South territory" and "Southern Prosperity", named "Nanchang", and for Yu Zhangzhi County, the beginning of Hongzhou. Tang and Song are the south-west roads and Hongzhou institutes, and are well-known capitals in the southeast, so they are also known as "Hongdu". Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties are all ruling in Jiangxi Province. The crown cover of the past generations gathered, the car horse such as flow, the humanities, the business Jialu interpretation, the floor look at each other.

近代：“八一南昌起义 ”，使南昌成为“军旗升起的地方”，以“英雄城”驰名天下。1986年南昌被国务院列入第二批国家历史文化名城。1992年被国务院批准为内地八大重点开放城市之一。

Because of" Nanchang Uprising", Nanchang has become "the place where the military flag is raised", to "hero city" well-known. In 1986, Nanchang was listed by the State Council as the second batch of national historical and cultural cities. It was approved by the State Council in 1992 as one of the eight key open cities in the mainland.