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信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

段落翻译是本次考试的新题型之一，由考查简单的词组掌握、句型表达转为考查篇章整体表达，相比改革前的句子翻译，无论是分值还是难度都有所加大，对考生的能力水平要求更高。

从真题内容来看，考题比样卷中的内容要简单不少。原文语言平实、结构简单，给出了关于信息技术是否该成为必修课的两个对立观点，更像是一篇四级考试作文题，其中也没有比较复杂的句型、高难度的词汇，每个观点的内容也都已给出，考生只需要照字面意思翻译，同时像写作文一样，注意上下文的衔接即可。

Nowadays，with the fast development of Information Technology，Chinese citizens are attachingmore and more importance to it.Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses，which has led to different opinions.Some people think it is unnecessary tomake IT courses required，and students are supposed to take traditional courses.Oppositely，other people think it is necessary to do so，for China and its people should keep pace with the times.Either way，it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted people's attention.

“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十八世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一。茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

1.“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。

这一句除了考标点符号，还涉及餐桌礼仪用语，如果翻译成“Do you want tea or coffee”的话，从语法上分析没有错，但相对不够委婉。因此译成“Would you like tea or coffee”或者“Which one would you prefer，tea or coffee”会更礼貌。至于后半句，“是用餐人常被问到的问题”，其主语是引号中的句子，如果单独翻译，应该先把主语补充完整，组成一个主系表结构。即This is a question which do sth.把定语填上去就是This is a question which is frequently asked to dinning people.

2.许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。

这个句子有两个分句，因此要先分析它们的逻辑关系，找到连接词，得出A do sth，while B do sth.的结构或者A do sth，but B do sth.的结构。这句话相对比较简单，相信考生们都能基本写对。可以译成A greatmanywestern peoplewould choose coffee while Chinese people would prefer tea.

3.相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。

从这一句开始过渡茶的历史，对大部分考生来说，内容相对生疏，应持求稳心态，把句子结构写对，词汇没出错。“相传”是中国特色引出历史的词汇，无须直译，翻译成英文中的“听说”，也就是It is said that即可。That后面引导真正的主语是“中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病”，先分析句子结构应该是一个人做了两个动作，其中第一个动作有个“了”字，表示已经完成，因此可以写成sb have done A and did B.如果对分词作状语比较熟练的同学也可以写成having done A，sb did B的形式。因此，翻译有两个版本：It is said that a Chinese emperor have discovered tea five thousand years ago and used it to cure illness.或者It is said that having discovered tea five thousand years ago，a Chinese emperor used it to cure illness.

4.在明清（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十八世纪才传到欧美。

这句话的考点是一个句号了集中了四个分句，首先要把断开，翻译成两个句子。第一个句子包括“在明清期间，茶馆遍布全国”。这里生词已经给出，而且和样题相似度很大，应该是难度最小的一句。可以译成During the Ming and Qing Dynasties，tea houses were all over the country.或者During the Ming and Qing Dynasties，tea houses were widespread throughout the country.而“饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十八世纪才传到欧美”合成一句，和真题第三句话的结构一样，即一个主语先后做了两个动作，不过难度加大是在于这两个动作都是被动的。因此可以译成Having been introduced to Japan in 6th century，tea-drinking didn't spread to Europe and America until 18th century.

5.如今，茶已经变成了全世界最流行的饮料（beverage）之一。

这句话和样题相似度也非常高，因难度不大，可以译成Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.

6.茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

这句话依然是一个主语两个动作，而且这个主句和上一句相同，在段落翻译中可以直接用代词，即写成It is not only A，but also B.也就是It is not only the treasure of China，but also an important component of Chinese traditional culture.

“Tea or coffee”，diners are frequently asked this question.Western people may choose coffee，while Chinesemay prefer tea.It is said that5，000 years ago，an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty，tea houses could be found all over the country.Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century，but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century.Up to now，tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world.It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.

中国结（the Chinese knot）最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺（handcraft）代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

原文与样题“神似”，不管是题材、句式、用词以及难度都与样题“剪纸”如出一辙，相信按照样题模式进行练习，面对考题一定得心应手。同时文章中还出现了一些翻译中的高频词汇，如“由……发明”“代代相传”“意味着”“世界各地”等等，以及用“while”表示对比等常见句式，充分说明只要语法词汇双管齐下，翻译准确率定能大大提升。

The Chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman.After several hundred years'innovation，it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft.In ancient times，it was used for recording events，while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art.In Chinese，“Knot”means love，marriage and reunion.The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits.The hand；crafthas passed on for generations and becomemore and more popular in China and the world.

许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。

逻辑连词，例如并列以及转折；

复合式形容结构，比如：精心准备的carefully-prepared.

Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine.In China，it is not only regarded as a craftsmanship，but also as an art.An exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is a feast for both themouth and the eyes.The culinary skill and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China，but good Chinese cuisines always share something in common，i.e.the color，aroma，taste and nutrition.As food is vital for one's health，a good chef always tries to strike a balance among grains，meat and vegetables.That's why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.

为了促进教育公平，中国投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部农村义务教育（compulsory education）。这些基金用于改善教学设施，购买书籍，使116万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材，现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到本地农村学校就读。

In order to promote the justice in education，China has already invested 36 billion RMB，which is used to enhance the teaching facilities of the countryside and compulsory education of rural area ofmid-west.These funds can be used to improve the teaching aids and to purchase books，benefiting 1，160，000 middle schools and primary schools.Furthermore，these funds can also be used to purchase instrument for music and paintings.Nowadays，children from countryside and mountain areas can enjoy music class and painting class like the children in coastal areas do.Some students who were previously transferred to cities for better education now return to local areas to study.

中国进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。

2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。

随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。

China should develop the energy of nuclearmore，for nuclear power only accounts for 2% of the gross electrical power output，whichmakes China the least，the 30th，in the list of countries which own nuclear power.

After the Japan's accidents in March 2011，the exploration of nuclear power has been suspended，including halting the examining and approving new nuclear power stations aswell as safety inspection of all the nuclear stations in the country.The approval didn't recover until October，2012.

With the improvement of technology and safety arrangement，the possibilities of nuclear accidents could be reduced to theminimum degree.That is to say，nuclear power could be developed and utilized without accidents.

中国的教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就更难了。

Chinese education workers have already realized the significance of reading for a nation.Some workers suggested thatwe should have a national reading day in 2003.They emphasized that people should read good books especially the classical ones.Through reading，people can learn better how to be grateful，responsible and cooperative.The goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities.Reading is especially important formiddle and primary school students.Suppose they don'tnurture the interestof reading at that keymoment，itwill be harder to develop a habit to read books.

【翻译原文】互联网

中国的互联网是全世界发展最快的，2010年，中国大概有4.2亿网民，而且人数还在迅速地增长，互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化，中国的网民往往不同于国外的网民，美国的网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，以互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、科学研究、规划旅程或者付款；中国网民更多的是出于社交的原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。

这一段话并没有比较长的句子，也没有比较复杂的结构，稍微难点的就是比较结构了。在仔细分析后，我们知道这篇翻译讲述的是中国的互联网快速发展，然后将美国和中国的网民在使用互联网方面的区别进行了比较。略一思索，就可以对这个短文做出如下翻译了。

本次四级翻译要求总共翻译三段共6句话，从词法的角度看，相对较容易，没有出现相对偏难的知识点，重点考查了下面这些功能性表达。

1.互联网社区：Internet community

2.日渐流行：increasingly popular/prevalent；Increasing popularity

3.受实际需要的驱使：be driven by practical needs

4.重大社会变革：major social change；significant social change

5.不同于：be different from；differ from…；other than

6.规划旅程：plan the journey；

7.付款：pay for the bill；cover the cost

8.出于：for the purpose of..；out of…

9.社交：social contact；social intercourse

The Internet community of China is developing in the fastest way in the world.China has about420 million netizens in 2010，and the number is still growing rapidly.The growing popularity of Internet has brought significant changes to the society.And Chinese netizens are often different from the netizens in America.American netizens are moremotivated by actual needs，using the Internet as a tool to send e-mails，buying and selling goods，plan trips or payment.Chinese netizens aremore use the Internet for social reasons.Hence，they use QQ and chat-rooms for a wider range.

China Internet is the world's fastestgrowing，2010，China about420000000 Internet users，and the number is growing rapidly，the Internet increasingly popular society brought aboutmajor changes，Chinese netizens often different Internet users and foreign，American netizensmore is driven by practical needs，research using the Internet e-mail，as a tool for the buying and selling of goods，science，planning the formation or payment，Chinese netizenmore is for social reasons for using the Internet，andmore extensive use of the forum，blog，chat rooms，etc.

The internet community in China is developing at the fastest speed around the world.China has about 420 million netizens in 2010，and the number is still growing quickly.The increasing popularity of internet has produced the major social change.And netizens in China are often different from that of America.American netizens are more driven by practical needs，using the internet to send e-mails，buy and sell goods，plan the journey or pay for the bill.However，Chinese netizens are using internet for the purpose of social contact.Consequently，they are more widely using the QQ and chat-rooms and so on.

【翻译原文】假日经济现象

假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people's consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics，the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure，com fort and personal development.Therefore，the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.On the other hand，services should be improved to satisfy people's demand for an improved quality of life.

【翻译原文】旅游

越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心，随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了。他们反而更被偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行来体验不同的文化，丰富知识，拓展视野。

大学英语四级的翻译题型在由以往的短句翻译变成段落翻译后，看似翻译的内容更多，难度增大，其实不然。因为短句翻译其实也要结合上下文去理解句子的意思，而段落翻译更注重考查考生的语篇理解和组织能力。此外，该部分还要求考生翻译出来的译文符合英语逻辑，内容，连贯。本篇翻译都是一些简单句型，句子较短，也没有生词和难翻译的词，因此对考生来说，还是比较容易的。

More and more young people are interested in Chinese tourism，which is a new trend in recent years.Increasing number of young tourists，they can be attributed to the rapid increase of income and to explore the world outside of curiosity，with travelmuch，young people in big city and famous scenic spots to spend less time.Instead they are more attracted to a remote place.Some people even choose long backpacking trip.According to a recent survey，many young people who want to experience a different culture，travel through the rich knowledge，the development field of vision.

More and more Chinese young people are becoming interested in travelling，which is a new trend in recent years.The increasing number of young tourists can be attributed to the rapid rise of their income and curiosity for exploring the outside world.Withmore travel，young people spend less time in big cities and famous sights.Instead，they are attracted tomore remote places.Some people even choose a long backpacking trip.A recent survey shows thatmany young people want to experience a different culture，enrich their knowledge and broaden their horizons through travelling.

More and more Chinese young people are interested in tourism，which is a new trend recently.The rising number of young tourists can be attributed to their rapidly increasing income and the curiosity of exploring the outside world.As travel growing，young people spend less time in big cities and famous scenic spots，instead they are more attracted by remote areas.Some even choose long-distance backpacking trip.A recent survey shows that via traveling，many young people want to experience different culture，enrich knowledge and expand their horizon.

Chinese young people in mounting numbers come to be interested in tourism，which is a new trend of this year.Rising number of young tourists，can be attributed to their rapidly increase income and the curiosity to explore the outside world.With the increase of traveling，the young spend less time in big cities and famous attractions，they aremore attracted to remote locations.Some people even choose backpacking trip for long-distance.Recent survey indicates thatmany young people want to travel to experience different culture，enrich knowledge and broaden view.

【翻译原文】大熊猫

大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有一千只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。

“大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。”这个句子我讲过非常类似的句子。我说的这个句子是“大熊猫是一种生活在四川山区，并以竹子为主要食物的动物。”这个时候也就相当于动物的定语比较长，一个词——动物——就有两个定语，第一个是温顺的，第二个是长着独特皮毛的。这样的话就可以按照这个语序，“温顺的”最好的词叫做tame，倘若不会你们就写可爱的动物，lovable，lovely，adorable都可以。这种错误属于小错误，结构上不要犯错。比如说最后这个定语，“长着独特的黑白皮毛”其实就是with unique fur，有独特的皮毛，with unique fur，独特的叫unique，不会写就写special，黑白皮毛可以写black and white fur，动物的毛皮用阅卷老师的是fur，这个我在词汇课说过。如果实在不会写写一个hair，阅卷老师也知道你是指毛发，也说得过去。如果你写skin就不太准确，但还勉强过得去，是一个词汇错误不是结构错误。结构比单词重要。

“因其数量稀少，大熊猫已经被列为濒危物种。”因其数量稀少，Because of the small numbers，就是因为：小的数量，少的数量：small numbers，大熊猫已被列为“濒危物种”，被列为：is listed as...是整篇文章中特别难的词。先说一个最好的写法，endangered species，濒危物种、危险的物种，这里是一个固定写法。要是不会写的话，写了一个dangerous species，危险的动物，老师会知道这词汇的误用，会稍微扣一点分。“被列为”这是整个句子的结构，要写对。

“大熊猫对于世界自然基金会”有一个专有名词。大熊猫对于一个东西有着特殊的意义，主干是什么？很明显这个句子的主干是大熊猫有特殊的意义。大熊猫has a specialmeaning，特殊的意义，对WWF，to WWF，往后说就可以了，状语后置。

“自从1961年该基金会成立以来大熊猫就是它的徽标”，“自从”大家马上想到since，但是我说过since是介词，既然是介词后面就得写名词结构。那就是自从它的成立，并不是自从基金会，是自从成立，那就是Since the founding of WWF，或者写Since the founding of the found，随着基金的成立，the giant panda一直是，“一直”是has been its symbol是它的标志，是它的象征。徽标这个词很难的，你直接写its symbol就可以。“象征”是symbol，动词是symbolize.

“大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员”，最稀有，is the rarest.然后说“in bear animals”熊科就可以了，in bear species，熊的物种当中。其实这些词老师都不是特别看重你有没有写对，就看重“熊科”这个状语有没有往后放，大熊猫是最稀有的，是这个句子的结构，也是老师最看重的。

再接下来，“主要生活在中国西南部的森林里”。这就是之前说过的主要生活在四川山区的动物，那么这里就是一个非限制性定语从句。生活在四川，生活在中国西南部的森林里的成员或者说动物。那么这里我们说which lives in森林of西南部of China.which是主语，lives是谓语。如果你不会写你就可以写成员跟生活是主动，是现在，我们直接写living in the forest of south-west of China，这是可以的，定语是后置的。

再往下看，这个非常短，目前nowadays，当今世界上大约有一千只大熊猫。“有”字句我说过就三种写法，there be句型、have、with绝对够用了。那就是There are 1000 pandas in the whole world——there be句型，完整的一个句子。

最后一个句子，“这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁”，“正面临许多威胁”，are underthreat在威胁之下。那么这里以竹为食物，你想想是不是加在动物的右边those animals，以竹子为主要食物，mainly eating bamboo are under threat.在威胁之下。

因此逗号隔开很明显，这是一个副词，因此thus，或者是therefore，副词。

“确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要”，这个时候很多学生喜欢滥用词。大家注意到没有？确保什么什么的生存，意思就是确保生存，是不是做主语？做主语就得名词化，名词化你要么说to ensure，要么说ensuring，这是动词做主语，千万别按照中文语序一个词一个词往上写，为什么不把整个句子看完再翻呢？假设学生不会，可以直接写大熊猫的生存比以往更重要，直接说它的生存。生存要写的好一点叫做survival，the survival of panda是最好的写法。倘若大家实在不会就写“生活的”，the living of panda，也还过得去，关键是结构是正确的，“比以往更重要，”那就是最重要，ismuchmore important than ever before，就是than before的意思，加一个副词ever比以往更重要。

The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur.Because of their small number，giant pandas have been listed as an endangered species.The giant pandas are of special significance for WWF（World Wildlife Fund）.Since the establishment in 1961，the fund has been using the giant panda as its logo.The giant panda is the rarestmember of the bear family.They mainly live in the forests of southwestern China.Currently，there are about 1，000 giant pandas in the world.The bamboo-eating animals are facingmany threats.Therefore，to ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.

Panda is a kind of docile animal，with unique black and white fur.Because of its scarcity，panda has been listed as the endangered species.Panda has been playing a special role in WWF.Panda has been the logo ofWWF since itwas founded in 1961.It is the rarestmember among theursidae animals，livingmainly in the forests of the China Southwest.Up to now there are about1000 pandas all over the world.These animalswhich live on bamboo facemany threats.So it ismore important to protect them than before.

The giant panda is a kind of docile animal with a unique black and white coat.It has been listed as endangered species as itsminimal quantity.The giant panda has special significance for WWF（World Wildlife Fund）.Since WWF established in 1961，the giant panda has been its logo.As the rarestmember of the bears，the giant panda mainly lives in forests of Southwest China.At present，there are around 1000 pandas in the world.The bamboo-eating animals are facingmany threats.Therefore，to ensure the survival of the giant panda ismore important than ever.

2014年12月英语四级考试翻译点评核心句法举一反三

2014年12月的英语四级考试翻译试题与六月份的考察形式是一致的，还是短文的形式，题材也贴近当代生活，考生并不陌生。考察的核心语法和句型依然是常规课堂上经常涉及的。所以建议大家还是要注重平时的积累，掌握好基础知识，提高英语的基本水平。以下为对四级翻译真题中的核心句法总结：

1.最高级的表达

中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。

核心句法：……是发展最快的。Sth is the fastest-growing segment.“发展最快的部分”。用the fastest-growing segment，这种翻译方法绝对优于普通的is developing fastest，或者develop most rapidly.

美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使……；中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网……；

核心句法：American netizens are more motivated by actual need…；while Chinese Internet users tend to use the Internet for social reasons…表示两个对象的对比，连接词可以选用however，while，in contrast等。

中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用聊天室。

核心句法：Chinese Internet users tend to use the Internet for social reasons，and therefore chat room ismorewidely used by them.表示因果关系的词汇是翻译题必备的部分，不要只会简单的because和so，为大家总结如下：since；as；for；in that；owing to；due to；for the reason that…；in view of；therefore；consequently；as a result；thus；hence等。

2014年12月的四级考试翻译试题还是短文的形式，与6月份的形式一样，题材也贴近当代生活。核心考点词汇和语法也没有超出常规的范围，所以老师建议大家还是要注重平时的积累，掌握好基础知识。我们发现，今年的试题当中涉及一个核心的语法点，现在分词结构的使用。现将真题例句和用法分析如下，希望大家认真学习。

美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或付款。

American netizens aremoremotivated by actual need，using the Internet as a tool to send email，buy and sell goods，plan trips or pay a bill.这个句子涉及一个核心的语法点：美国网民这一主语其实涉及两个谓语动作，其一，是受实际需要的驱使；其二，用互联网为工具，这两个部分都以美国网民为主语，实际上算是一种并列现象。但是如果使用and这种并列连接词则显得过于低级，我们可以用一个现在分词结构表达出后者，作为对前句的一个补充说明，也叫伴随状语。（另外，这句话中还有四个动词短语的并列to send e-mail，buy and sell goods，plan trips or pay a bill，要注意其动词的形式应该保持一致。）

伴随状语首先是一种状语，用来修饰动词的，同时是表示与谓语动词同时进行，即伴随着谓语动词的动作同时进行。如：He said itangrily，pointing at the notice on the wall.他生气地说着，手指着墙上的布告。这里，point与said同时进行，因此，pointing在这里是现在分词作伴随状语，表示主动和正在进行。希望大家认真掌握这一核心语法点。

2014年12月英语四级考试已经结束，由于是国家水平等级考试，所以在难度系数的控制上，处于稳定状态，和具有选拔性质的研究生考试相比，题目偏容易，而且在考查形式上也有所差异，前者是汉译英，而后者是英译汉。正是由于考查形式的不同，要求我们所有的考生对于翻译的要点要了然于胸。

由于中英文间在表达上的差异，当几个动词出现在文章中时，中文可以用排比的方式直接引出，而英文则需要用灵活多变的结构来表达。

最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、扩展视野。

其中“体验、丰富、扩展”这三个动词，用英文表达的话可以有如下两种表达形式：

①The latest survey shows that a large number of young people want to experience different culture，enrich knowledge and broaden the vision by traveling.（全用动词表达）

②The latest survey shows that by traveling，a large number of young peoplewant to experience different culture，enriching knowledge and broadening the vision.（后两个用非谓语动词形式表达）

以上两种表达从内容呈现上，都能拿到分数。但第二种表达相较之第一种，在结构上更为灵活多变，希望各位同学能熟练掌握相关结构。

美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程或付款。

其中出现了这样一些动词“用互联网、发电子邮件、买卖商品、规划旅程、付款”，在表述上依旧可以借鉴上面知识要点。

American netizens are，to a large degree，driven by practical needs，using the internet to send e-mails，buy and sell goods，plan the journey or pay for the bill.

【翻译原文】中国的最基本饮食

在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊。”中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。

1.词汇点评：本篇翻译中国特有的词汇考查较多，比如大米和水稻（rice）、小麦（wheat）、面粉（flour）、馒头（steamed bread）、面条（noodles）。

2.谚语考查：这是今年最难的一句话，因为上下文限制，最恰当的翻译必须译出rice，这就意味着不能意译，但是“巧妇”的处理需要稍加解释（clever housewife）。

3.语法考查：最高级、无主句、对比关系（两处）等考点也是年年必考，同学们备考时这些语法点要多加练习。

In themind of Westerners，Chinese people have the closest connection to rice，basic food for the Chinese.For a long time，rice occupies a very important position in the Chinese diet.There is even a saying that“even a clever housewife cannot cook a mealwithout rice”.People in south China plant and live on rice，while people in the most parts of North China cannot plant rice due to excessively dry and cold weather.The main crop there is wheat.In China，some people use flour to bake bread，while most peoplemake steamed bread and noodleswith flour.

【翻译原文】快递

据报道，今年中国快递服务（courier service）将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了。

1.词汇考查：这篇翻译考查社会热点——快递和网购，相关的热点词汇有courier service，delivery，packages，online shopping，express industry等。

2.数字考查：数字翻译的考查从2014年12月份开始成为必考重点之一，特别是million和billion这两个数量级别的考查。

3.句法考查：被动语态（据报道），最高级（最大的快递市场、最大的购物平台），因果关系等（因此）等。

It is reported that China's express courier servicewill deliver about12 billion packages this year.China could overtake the United States as the world's largest expressmarket.Most package are for items ordered online.China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell goods at very competitive prices.Only on November 11th，Chinese consumers bought$9 billion worth of goods from the nation's largest shopping platform.There aremany such special shopping days in China.Therefore，the expansion of express industry is not surprising at all.

【翻译原文】中国

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。

China is one of the oldest cultures in the world，from which much that constructs the foundation of the modern world is derived.China is witnessing the fastest development of its economy and experiencing a new industrial revolution.Also，China has started the ambitious program for exploring the outer space，including to complete a space station by 2020.Currently，being one of the largest exporters in the world，China is attractingmassive foreign investment.Simultaneously，it has invested billions of dollars overseas.In 2011，China surpassed Japan as the world's second-largest economy.

【翻译原文】保持适应性情绪

那些保持适应性情绪控制状态的人，把逆境看作是暂时性的，相信困难应该会过去的。在一项危机中，他们很好地调整自己，坚信控制来源于激励的行动而非控制反应。他们不会受到紧张或痛苦情绪的惊吓；他们采取有效的应对策略，例如取得亲朋的支持和自我的述说。研究表明那些拥有高情商的人处理创伤性（traumatic）事件时很少会有负面心理问题。

Those whomaintain an adaptive state of emotional control regard adversity as temporary and have the belief that“This shall pass.”In a crisis，they well adjust themselves and firmly believe that the control comes from inspired action rather than controlling reaction.They are not terrified by intense or painful emotions；they employ effective coping strategies，such as obtaining support from relatives and friends，and selftalk.The study indicates that individualswith a high emotional intelligence handle traumatic eventswith rare negative psychological problems.

【翻译原文】望子成龙

中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习。考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好。因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊重。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件。

1.词汇：本篇四级翻译考查的是考生熟悉的社会和教育问题，没有超纲难词，词汇考查的难度不高。家务housework；竞争激烈的competitive；成绩好good grades；牺牲sacrifice

2.语法：除了基础语法的主谓一致、名词单复数、被动语态等语法点之外，这篇四级翻译还侧重考查逻辑关系，如并列关系（努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学）、因果关系（他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明）。此外，还将条件状语从句和虚拟语气叠加考查（中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬），整篇翻译还是有一定难度的。

Chinese parents tend to pay somuch attention to the academic performance of their children that they stop their kids from helping with the housework.The primary requirement for children is to study hard.Children are entitled to go to elite universities with high exam scores.Parents believe this is for the benefit of their children.Because in a highly competitive society like China，only high scores can guarantee kids a bright future.Chinese parents also think that they will be respected if their childrenmake greater achievements in society.Therefore，parents are willing to sacrifice their own time，hobbies and interest to provide their children with better conditions.

【翻译原文】丽江古镇

云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光。众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂（paradise）。

1.翻译整体难度锐减；

2.数据考点：“之一”；文化考点：国情依然是传统考点；

3.难点位置可能造成麻烦：古镇、少数民族、流传、景点、历史名胜、牺牲。

Lijiang，an ancient town in Yunan province，is one of the famous tourist destinations in China.The pace of life there is slower than inmost cities of China.There is natural scenery everywhere in Lijiang.A number ofminority compatriots provide various and colorful cultures for tourists to experience.Lijiang has also been known as the“City of Love”throughout history.Plenty of legends about people born for love and die for love circulate among the local people.Nowadays，this ancient town is regarded as the paradise of love and romance in the eyes of both Chinese and foreign visitors.

【翻译原文】汉语演讲比赛

今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛。这项比赛被证明是促进中国和世界其他地区文化交流的好方法。它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好的了解中国的机会。来自87个国家共计126位选手聚集在湖南省省会参加了从7月6日到8月5日进行的半决赛和决赛。比赛并不是唯一的活动，选手们还有机会去参观了中国其他地区的著名景点和历史名胜。

这篇翻译较以前的翻译题目难度有所下降，话题和生活紧密相关，不像之前考过的核能，假日经济等较为学术的话题，从而单词也明显简单，句式结构也不复杂，比较容易作答。

第一句：常用短语“如此……以至于……”（so…that…）的考查。“关注”可以写简单词组pay attention to，其他都较简单。

第二句：需要用到定语从句，名牌大学的表达可灵活一些，famous universities也可以。

第三句：复合句，注意句与句之间的联系。

第四句：与上句并列关系，注意同义词“相信”和“认为”要做替换，不要重复词汇。

第五句：简单句。

This year，an annual Mandarin Speech Contest for Foreign Nationals was held in Changsha.This contest proved to be a good way to promote the cultural communication between China and other regions in the world.It provided an opportunity for young people around the world to understand China better.A total of 126 competitors from 87 nations gathering in the capital of Hunan province participated in the semifinal and final held from July 6th to August5th.The contest was not the only activity.Contestants also had a chance to visit the famous scenic sights and historical spots in other regions of China.

【翻译原文】乌镇

乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去的一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。

Wuzhen，an ancientwater town of Zhejiang province，is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.It is a charming place.Many ancient bridges，Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there.In the past one thousand years，the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much，so it is a museum of ancient civilizations.All rooms in Wuzhen aremade of stone and wood.Over hundreds of years，the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank.Numerous spacious and pretty courtyardshide in those houses，serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.

Wuzhen is an ancient water town in Zhejiang province，which is located in the Grand Canal of Beijing and Hangzhou.This is a charming place，having many ancient bridges，Chinese style hotels and restaurants.Over the past one thousand years，the water system and lifestyle of Wuzhen has not experienced many changes，which is a museum showing ancient civilizations.All the houses in Wuzhen are built of stone and wood.For hundreds of years，the local people built homes and fairs along the river.Countless beautiful and spacious courtyards lie among the houses，thus the tourists would have a pleasant surprise when coming to here.

Wuzhen is an ancient water-town in Zhejiang province，which is located by the bank of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.This is a charming place，with many ancient bridges，Chinese-style hotels and restaurants.In the past one thousand years，thewater system and way of life ofWuzhen have notexperiencedmany changes，and it is amuseum which reflects the ancient civilization.All houses in Wuzhen are builtwith stones and woods.For hundreds of years，the local people along the river have built their houses and fairs.Countless beautiful spacious courtyards are hiding among the houses，and the tourists will have a surprise everywhere.

Wuzhen is an old water town in Zhejiang，located in the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.Wuzhen is attractive with lots of ancient bridges，Chinese-styled hotels and restaurants.The river system and life styles ofWuzhen stayed nearly unchanged over the past 1，000 years，and therefore Wuzhen became amuseum displaying ancient civilization.All of the houses in Wuzhen were built of stone-wood.Residences and marketswere constructed along the river by the local people over hundreds of years.Numberless spacious and beautiful yards are hided among houses，which give the tourists surprises as they step into each of them.

【翻译原文】功夫

功夫是中国武术的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。

Kung Fu is a Chinese martial arts known.Origin of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to self-defense needs，hunting activities and military training in ancient China.It is a traditional Chinese sport，young people have practiced the elderly.It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture.As China's national treasure，there are hundreds of differentmartial arts styles，a form ofmartial arts in the world practice the most.Some styles imitate animalmovements，and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy，myths and legends.

Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial arts.The origins of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to the needs of ancient self-defense，hunting activities and the military training in ancient China.It is one of the Chinese traditional sports，young people are practicing.It has evolved into a unique element of Chinese culture.As a national treasure of China，there are hundreds of different styles ofmartial arts，the most practiced martial arts in the world.Some styles imitate themovements of animals，and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy，myths and legends.

Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinesemartial arts，which dates back to the need ofself-defense，hunting，and military drillin ancient China.It is one of China's traditional sports，and all people，old and young，would participatein.It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture.As a national treasure of China，it has hundreds of styles.Meanwhile，it is also the most practiced art form in the world.Some styles imitate themovements of animals，while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy，myth and legend.

Chinesemartial arts，known as Kung Fu，can be traced back to the needs of selfdefense，hunting activities and ancient China military training.Kung Fu，one of the Chinese traditional sports，is being practised by both the youth and the old people and has gradually become a special elementof Chinese culture.As a national treasure of China，Kung Fu has hundreds of different styles，and is themartial arts practised most in the world.Some styles imitate the movements of animals，while some are inspired by Chinese philosophy thinking，myths and legends.

【翻译原文】风筝

在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天，风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。

In Weifang，Shandong，kites are not only for entertainment.It also symbolizes the culture of the city.Weifang is known as the“capital of kites”with a history ofnearly 2，400 years in flyingkites.Itis said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years tomake the first kite right in Weifang.It fell and broke，however，on its first day of flying.Some also belives that itwas the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite.It's said that his kitewasmade ofwood and bamboo and it landed after three days'flying.

In the city ofWeifang，Shandong province，kites are not just toys，butalso a sign of the city culture.Weifang is famous for“the kite”，having a history of nearly 2400 years of flying kites.It is said that the ancient Chinese philosophers spent three years on making the first kite in the world，but the first day of the flying kites had dropped and broken.Some people believe that the kite was invented by ancient Chinese carpenter，Lu Ban.Ithas been said thathis kite ismade ofwood and bamboo，falling to the ground after flying three days.

In Weifang Ctiy，a town in Shandong Province，flying kites are not just toys，but also a sign of the city culture.Weifang Ctiy is famous for“the flying kites”，which has a flying history of nearly 2400 years.Legend has it that the ancient Chinese philosopher…Mozi，in Weifang Ctiy，had spend three years to make the first flying kite in the worl.However，the flying kite had dropped and been broken on the first flying day.Some people believe that the kites are invented by ancient Chinese carpenter…Luban.Bcecase it is said that his kite has been made of wood and bamboo，which has been flying for three days in the sky before it fall to the ground.

综合对以上题目的分析，我们会发现，翻译还是沿续老的传统侧重对中国文化进行考查，内容相对来讲，是大家所熟悉的，像“风筝”“乌镇”“功夫”，驾驭起来难度并不是很大。同一个内容，可以用不同的形式来呈现，比如，“以……而闻名”用英文表达可以“be famous for…”还可以是“be renown as…”；再比如，“追溯到……”即可以翻译为“go back to…”也可以用“trace back to”等等。只要平时在学习的过程中，用心积累，必然会驾轻就熟。