a.  以实验[经验]为依据的；经验主义的 ≠ theoretical, hypothetical

• empirically   ad. 以经验为主地

• empirical evidence  实验证据

• empirical evidence/knowledge/research  实践经验的证明；从实际经验中获得的知识；以实验为基础的研究

• an empirical study/research  经验式研究

• They place great emphasis on empirical studies. 很重视经验式研究

• But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. 实际经验证实有效的益处

• There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.  没有实证根据来支持他的论点。

BrE /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃn/