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旅游英语与翻译实践研究
1.10.2 第二节 译文辨析
第二节 译文辨析

翻译实践表明,中文公示语在翻译时出现的问题较英译中多。所以本部分仅选取一些中文公示语的英译进行辨析。

1.峨眉山,天下名山

【译文一】Emei Mount, NO.1 mountain under the sun.

【译文二】Mount Emei, a famous mountain.

【辨析】原文属于广告型公示语,译文一存在几个问题,首先是“峨眉山”的翻译不应该是Emei Mount,而应该是the Emei Mountain或者Mount Emei(关于这一点请参考本书关于“旅游景点中专有名词的翻译”一章);其次No.1 mountain有些言过其实,因为中国和世界有很多名山,很多山比峨眉山更高、更美或更险等等,所以No.l没有说出在哪一方面属于“No.1”,因此如果将其译为a famous mountain会更合理一些。另外,在中文中,“天下”一词经常用来形容中国的名吃、名山大川等等,这只是一个渲染型的词,如果像译文一那样译成under the sun,给人感觉非常夸张,不符合我们前面讲过的“英文思维”,所以这一部分省译更好,整个译文变成译文二反而会让英文读者感到比较“实在”。

2.爱护花木,切勿攀摘

【译文一】Take care of flowers and trees.Do not pick and harm them.

【译文二】Keep off the flowers and trees.

【辨析】将上述两个译文对比可以看出,译文一基本上属于“硬译”,将中文“注重细节描述”这一特点照搬到英文当中,没有照顾到英语读者的接受心理。实际上,英语在相似的语境下会直接使用Keep off the flowers and trees。当然,也有译者会将其译为Stay away from the flowers and trees,但前一种在英文公示语中更常见。

3.老弱病残孕幼席

【译文—】For Those Who Are Old, Weak, Sick, Handicapped, Pregnant or Young.

【译文二】Courtesy Seats

【辨析】原文是个偏正短语,中心词是“席”,译文一一看就是闭门造车式的译法,其中“老”、“弱”、“病”、“残”“孕”、“幼”直译出来,显得语气不委婉,尤其是前三个,另外young并没有真正传达汉语“幼”的含义,实际上在英语国家这一公示语一般使用“Courtesy Seats”,即译文二,既简洁又委婉。

4.必须戴安全帽

【译文一】Must Wear Safety Helmet

【译文二】Safety Helmet Required

【辨析】原文“必须戴安全帽”是一个陈述句,属于汉语的无主句,省略主语是为了避免让对方感觉是把要求强加给自己的,所以省略主语是为了使语气变得更缓和,显得有礼貌。但是,如果像译文一那样硬译成Must Wear Safety Helmet,这在英语中并不属于陈述句,也不属于正确的短语,因为英语很少会将句子直接省略主语而以情态动词开头,一般的做法是要么变成合乎逻辑的短语,要么写出完整的句子,但是如果译成You must wear safety helmet或Everybody must wear safety helmet,势必会让英文读者感到语气的强硬,因此不如像译文二那样译成Safety Helmet Required,既是英语常见的短语,又传达了礼貌的语气。

5.创一流服务,迎四海嘉宾。

【译文—】Welcoming our honored guests from all over the world with the first-class service.

【译文二】First class service to all guests.

【辨析】对照两个译文不难看出,译文一基本上采用了字面翻译,显得冗长啰唆,而且英文welcome的用法并非如此,而是应将welcome当形容词使用,比如Welcome to Beijing。实际上,原文的意思完全可以解释为“为四海嘉宾提供一流服务”,因此作为公示语,不妨也译得简洁一些,以符合公示语“简明扼要”的特点,而译文二正是这样一个容易为英文读者所接受的译文。

6.您留下一份爱心,外滩期盼您会再来。

【译文一】The beach looks forward to your coming again for your love.

【译文二】We appreciate your care and look forward to your coming here again.

【辨析】译文一明显属于“死译”,尤其是“您留下一份爱心”这一部分中的“一份爱心”竟然译成了for your love,外国游客看到以后定会“啼笑皆非”,感到“云里雾里”。可以说,原文重在传达一种意境,其中的意思并不是真正留下“爱这里的“爱心”是“爱护”的意思。经过这样的分析不难发现,译文二更确切地传达出原文的意思,而且符合英语读者的预期。

7.禁止跨越!

【译文一】No striding!

【译文二】Do not climb over!

【辨析】译文一中的striding当“跨越”讲时,英文意思是cross (an obstacle) with one long step,跟原文中的“跨越”之意相去深远,因为原文的意思就是“跨过去”。而译文二使用climb over比较准确地传达出原文的意思。

8.牡丹园于1983年建成并对外开放,面积约6.3公顷,栽植牡丹630多个品种,共约6000余株,是我国北方地区规模最大,品种、数量最多的牡丹专类观赏园之一。园内的牡丹品种分别引种于我国的山东菏泽、河南洛阳、甘肃天水等地和日本、美国等国家。 每年谷雨前后,园内牡丹相继绽放,“大胡红”、“魏紫”、“姚黄”、“豆绿”、“乌龙卧墨池”、“蓝田玉”、“二乔”、“赵粉”等传统名贵品种,嫩白娇红,清香四溢,富丽堂皇,蔚为壮观。同时,紫斑牡丹和近年引进的牡丹品种,如“清香白”、“包公面”、“早春”、“富贵满堂”、“岛锦”、“金色艾丽丝”、“八束狮子”等,也都已形成一定规模。

【译文一】The Tree Peony Garden contains the largest number and the richest varieties of peonies to be found in Northern China.Situated on the west side of the botanical garden, the peony garden was first opened to the public in 1983 and covers 6.3 hectares.The garden contains over 6,000 peonies in total, with more than 630 individual cultivars.These peonies have been widely collected from Heze of Shandong Province, Luoyang of Henan Province, Tianshui of Gansu Province and from international sources such as Japan and the United States.Each year in about mid-April, the peonies in the garden come into spectacular bloom one right after the other.Traditional, famous and rare varieties, such as “Dahuhong”,“Weizi”, “Yaohuang”, “Doulv”, “Wulong Wo Mochi (a black dragon lying in a pool of ink)”, “Lantianyu”, “Erqiao”, “Zhaofen”etc., are to be found blooming each Spring in majestic splendor while filling the air with a delicate fragrance.Some of the newest varieties added or introduced in more recent years include paeonia rockii, Paeonia “Shimanishiki”,Paeonia “Golden Isles” and Paeonia “Yatsukaiishi”.“Oingxiangbai”,“Baogongmian”, “Early Spring”, “Good Luck Family, “Daojin”, “Golden Alice”, “Basushizi” and have helped to round out the large inventory of tree peonies to be found here.

【译文二】The Tree Peony Garden contains the largest number and the richest varieties of peonies to be found in Northern China.Situated in the west of the botanical garden, the peony garden, first opened to the public in 1983, covers 6.3 hectares.It contains over 6,000 peonies in total, with more than 630 cultivars.These peonies have been widely collected from provinces such as Shandong, Henan and Gansu as well as other countries such as Japan and the United States.Every year in about mid-April, the peonies come into spectacular bloom one right after the other.Traditional,famous and rare varieties are to be found blooming in majestic splendor while filling the air with a delicate fragrance.Some of the newest varieties have been added or introduced in more recent years.

【辨析】原文出自一家植物园中的牡丹园景点介绍牌,主要对牡丹的来源、分类等进行介绍,这对中国游客来说,不仅可以了解这些牡丹的产地,还可以了解牡丹的分类,可以说在享受游览乐趣的同时还增长了见识。但是,中国的一些小地方对外国游客来说毕竟是陌生的,如果将牡丹的产地直译到英文里去,他们可能会感到费解,而且在阅读这些地方的拼音时也会有障碍,所以不如将这部分进行删减,变成some provinces such as Shandong, Henan and Gansu,至于牡丹的品种在这个景点牌上也可以省译,因为有些音译的中国地方牡丹和写成拉丁文的外国牡丹并不是旅游景点向外国游客介绍的重点,如果游客感兴趣,他们可以参照相应的牡丹品种前的一些拼音或拉丁文做成的小标牌,所以在这个宏观介绍的景点牌上就可以省译。对照译文一和译文二,发现译文二基本上做到了这些变通和省译。另外,译文一还有一些不当之处,on the west side of the botanical garden应该改为in the west part of the botanical garden, Situated on the west side of the botanical garden, the peony garden was first opened to the public in 1983 and covers 6.3 hectares一句前后用and将过去式和被动形式was first opened与现在式和主动形式covers并列,整个英文句子显得不够平稳,individual应该删掉。译文一中的最后一句除要省译牡丹品种外,整个句式可以像译文二那样更简洁一些,这样才能真正实现宣传介绍的目的。