全屏显示专题章节

书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。值得注意的是，英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别，应特别加以区分。

英语书信通常有几个部分组成：信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们逐个进行介绍。

写信端时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后写其他项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市（县）名、省（州、邦）名，往国外寄的信，还要写上国家的名称；国家名称的前面加上邮政编码，其后可写上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称，则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名，则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称；第二行写系、科、室名称；第三行写学校名称；第四行写市（县）、省（州）名称；然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等。

如果使用标点符号，则在每行末尾加逗号，最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号，但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方，仍要用标点。

特别要注意的是，门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家，城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字（如New York， 103），表示城市的邮政编码。

关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：

1）年份应完全写出，不能简写。

2）月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。

3）月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但May， June， July，因为较短，不可缩写。

4）写日期时，可用基数词1、2、3、4、5、…… 28、29、30、31等，也可用序数词1st， 2nd， 3rd， 4th， 5th ， ……28th ， 29th ， 30th ， 31st等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。

日期可有下列几种写法：

1） Oct. 20， 2004

3）3rd June， 2004

4） Sept. 16th ， 2004

其中，第一种写法最为通用。

信内地址写收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一两行，也分并列式和斜列式两种，但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一两行，然后写地址，可占二至四行。

对收信人的称呼应自成一行，写在低于信内地址一两行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。

给外国人写英文信时，称呼用语要注意以下几点：

1）对没有头衔的男性一般称呼Mr. 。 Mr.用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如：Mr.或Mr. White，不可是Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用Mr.的复数形式Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers布莱克兄弟公司。

2）对女性一般称呼Mrs. ， Madam或Miss。 Mrs.只能用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前。Madame此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前。Mrs.没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用Mme. 的复数形式Mmes.，而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用Mesdames称呼。Miss多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为Ms.，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。

3）对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如Professor（缩写为Prof. ）， Doctor（缩写为Dr. ），General（缩写为Gen. ）。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如Prof.（Phil） White等。

4）对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用Gentlemen（而不是Gentleman），Dear Sir （s）和My dear Sir（s）等。Gentlemen之前不能加Dear，后面也不能带姓名。用Sirs时，前面常用Dear一词，但也可单独用Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用Madam或其复数Mesdames。

5）对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear） Sir，（Dear） Mr. Chairman，（Dear） Mr.Premier，（My dear） Mr. Ambassador， Your Excellency（复数为Excellencies）。

6）对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可用Sir称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用Madam称呼。有时也用Your Majesty称呼以表示客气和尊敬。Your Majesty可兼指男性和女性，其复数为Your Majesties。

7）对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir或（Dear） Madam但在正式尊称时，一般用Your Highness（复数为Highnesses）。

先生（男人）Mr. /Esq.

夫人（已婚）Mrs.

小姐（未婚）Miss

夫人、小姐统称Ms.

夫妇俩人Mr. and Mrs.

两位或两位以上男子Messrs.

两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames

两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses

常见的头衔如下：

博士Doctor（Dr. ， Ph. D. ）

医学博士Medical Doctor（M. D. ）

总统或校长President

主席或董事长Chairman

副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman

副总统或副校长Vice President

首相Prime Minister

省长或州长Governor

秘书长Secretary General

一秘First Secretary

二秘Second Secretary

院长Director， Dean

副院长Vice Director

系主任Dean， Head， Chair

馆长Chief Librarian， Curator

信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用P. S.表示补叙。

结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一两行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。

1）写给上级和长者的信一般可用：Yours （very） respectfully，Yours （very） obediently， Yours gratefully， Yours appreciatively，Your obedient servant等。

2）写给同志或同事的信一般可用：Fraternally yours， Comradely yours等。

3）写给熟人或朋友的信一般可用：Yours， Ever yours， Yours affectionately， As ever， Yours sincerely， Yours devotedly，（Most）Fondly yours， Yours excitedly， Intimately yours等。

4）写给亲属或挚友的信一般可用：Yours， Ever yours， Yours as ever， Yours affectionately， Lovingly yours，（ Much） Love， With Love， Lovingly， Your loving son， Your most affectionate， Your devoted friend， Devotedly等。

5）写给挚友的信有时也可用：Yours hurriedly， Yours hastily，Yours in haste等。

6）写信给挚友表示歉意时可用Contritely yours， Regretfully yours，Yours in （with） regret，Yours in （with） deep remorse等。

在欧洲一些国家里，多把Yours放在sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国，多把yours放在Sincerely等词之后。Yours一词有时也可省略。

信末的签名一般低于结束语一两行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性，与收信人又不相识，则一般在署名前用括号注上Miss、 Mrs.或Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还在署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔。

信件若有附件，应在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2（或3、4、5等）Encls.，如：

Encls: Grade Certificate

再启（Postscript，缩写为P. S.）部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。

9.英语信件常用句型

常用开头句型：

（1） Thank you for your letter dated Dec. 22， 1969.

（2） Many thanks for your letter of Sept. 5， 1997.

（3） A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5， 1997.

（4） Your kind letter of November 22nd arrived this morning.

（5） Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.

（6） In reply to your letter dated 4th July， I want to say...

（7）Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.

（8） What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th！

（9） It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.

（10） First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.

（11） With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that ...

（12） I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.

（13） I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.

（14） I am too excited and delighted at your good news.

（15） I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations...

常用结束句型：

（1） Awaiting your good news.

（2） Looking forward to your early reply.

（3） Hoping to hear from you soon.

（4） We await your good news.

（5） I hope to hear from you very soon.

（6） We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

（7） I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.

（8） Your early reply will be highly appreciated.

（9） Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.

（10） The help you give me is sincerely valued.

（11） I hope everything will be well with you.

（12） Please let us know if you want more information.

（13） I hope you always enjoy yourself.

（14） I wish you very success in the coming year.

（15） Please remember me to your family.

（16） With best regards to your family.

（17） All the best.

（18） With love and good wishes.

10.英语信件的类型

感谢信通常应包含以下内容：

①交代致谢原因。

②用简洁的语言赞赏对方提供的帮助所起到的作用，或所收到的礼物的可爱之处及其用途。

③再次致谢，回馈承诺。

I'm writing this letter to thank you for your warm hospitality during my visit to your country. I enjoyed and appreciated all your kindness to me.

I hope that you will pay a short visit to China and I may have the pleasure of seeing you at my home.

Thank you again for your friendly warmth.

Thank you from the core of my heart for the nice birthday present you have sent me. I have been looking forward to an English-English dictionary for a long time. It will surely be very helpful to my study.

It was very kind of you to remember my birthday. The gift will always remind me of our friendship. Thanks again. I'm looking forward to meeting you soon.

感谢信常用句型：

① I want to express my appreciate to you for your help.

② I'm thankful to you for your beautiful gift.

③ Thank you so much for your warm wishes/greetings.

④The beautiful... you gave me is just what I want/need.

⑤ I really appreciate your hospitality.

⑥I will remember your kindness with gratitude.

道歉信的格式与感谢信相同，道歉信通常应包含以下内容：

①道歉的行为与内容。

④进一步致歉。

I am very sorry that we won't attend your birthday party on Saturday because my wife is ill. I am sorry that I must disappoint you， but I am confident that you will fully understand us.

道歉信常用句型：

（1） I really apologize for that.

（2） You must forgive me.

（3） It's all my fault.

（4） I do apologize for all that I've done.

（5） How careless/ forgetful of me！

（6） I can't tell you how sorry I am.

（7） I really didn't mean that.

邀请函中通常应包含以下内容：

1）邀请函发出的单位、组织或个人。

2）活动的时间、地点。

3）活动内容和日程安排。

4）要求被邀请人回复。

The English Department of Dalian University of Technology would like to invite you to be our guest speaker at our monthly discussion to be held at the Multi-functioning Hall at 8 o'clock，Friday morning， May 23rd， 2005.

We would be glad if you could attend. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

It is with great pleasure that I inform you that I am getting married this Sunday， Aug. 8 at Beijing Hotel at 11∶20 a. m. I request you to kindly come to the occasion. You know how important your presence is.

Be sure to let me know if you can come. My whole family is eagerly waiting for your arrival.

邀请信常用开头句型：

（1） It is with great pleasure that I inform you...

（2） Are you free for dinner on Monday， Sept. 19， 2005？

（3） Will you do us the favor of joining our party？

（4） May I take this opportunity to invite you to our university to give a lecture？

（5） If you have no other plans for Monday， May 15th ， will you come to our party at my home？

（6） I hope you will give me the pleasure of your company on the occasion of a dinner with a few friends next Saturday， the 16th this month， at 6 o'clock.

（7） It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to visit this exhibition.

（8） Will you give the pleasure of dinning with us at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday， October 10th ， at eight o'clock p. m？

邀请信常用结束句型：

（1） We would be very pleased if you could honor us with your company. Anticipating your reply.

（2） I hope you won't decline my invitation.

（3） We hope you can come and look forward to seeing you later.

（4） We are anticipating your reply.

（5） Awaiting an early acceptance of our cordial invitation and with kind regards.

（6） Do let me know if you can come.

（7） We will be expecting you at 6 o'clock. Don't disappoint us.

接受邀请信通常应包含：

（1）对对方的邀请表示感谢。

（2）对要参加的活动充满期望。

Thank you for your kind invitation to the dinner you are giving this Sunday for your wedding. I shall be very happy indeed to come， and look forward with pleasure to meeting you.

接受邀请信常用句型：

（1） We are delighted to accept your kind invitation to...

（2） We look forward with pleasure to...

（3） Nothing would give me greater pleasure than accepting your invitation.

拒绝邀请信通常应包含以下内容：

1）对拒绝对方的邀请表示歉意。

2）交代拒绝邀请的理由。

3）对对方的邀请表示感谢。

4）希望你的缺席不会影响此次活动。

5）希望以后还会有机会得到邀请。

I am so sorry that I can't come to the dinner you are giving this Sunday for your wedding because of a previous engagement that day.

I do appreciate your asking me and hope that I will have the opportunity to meet you in the near future.

拒绝邀请信常用句型：

（1） I shall have to say no to your kind invitation.

（2） I regret I cannot accept...

（3） Please accept my sincere regrets for not being able to join...

（4） I am sincerely sorry that I cannot ...

求职信是有目的地针对不同用人单位的一种书面自我介绍，通常一页长，书写一般以商业格式为标准，分开头、中间和结尾三部分。首尾部分应注意礼貌，通常信的开始要先做自我介绍，如：姓名、学校、所学专业等。中间部分是正文，是求职信的核心，形式多种多样，一般为自我条件展示、工作展望等内容。先是你写求职信的目的是什么，目标是什么？是想获得一个什么样的具体的职务；其次写自己对从事此工作感兴趣的原因、愿意到该单位工作的愿望和自己具有的资格；接着写出或推销出你的优势或长处，即你的竞争实力；然后写你为什么想为此机构或公司服务；你对他们的了解有多少；关于他们的产品或服务、任务、企业文化、目标、宗旨等一切与你自己的背景、价值观和目标相关联的东西。在结尾处建议下一步的行动，联络地点、联络方式以及最后的感谢语等。这三部分的内容一般占三或四段，可以发挥创意的空间非常的大，不必死守规则，可灵活运用。求职信应与履历分开，有话则长，无话则短，没有必要把简历的内容重复一遍。

I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator. I'm interested in this job very much.I'd like to get this job.

Now I'd like to introduce myself. My name is Li Ping. I am 26 years old. I like swimming and singing in my spare time. I graduated from Liaoning University in 2004. Then I began to work in Shenyang Middle School and I have worked there until now.

I work hard and get along well with others. I'm good at English and have translated many Chinese books into English. I can also speak Japanese. I will work hard and try to be a good translator.

Enclosed is my resume and a photo.

I will be very glad if you give me an interview.

Thank you very much.

I was referred to you by Mr. Zhang， a partner with your Beijing office， who informed me that the Shanghai office of your company is actively seeking to hire quality individuals for your Auditor Program.

I have more than two years of accounting experience，including interning as an Auditor last year with the Beijing office of CCCC. I will be receiving my MBA this May from Tsinghua University. I am confident that my combination of practical work experience and solid educational experience has prepared me for making an immediate contribution to your company. I understand the level of professionalism and communication required for longterm success in the field. My background and professional approach to business will provide your office with a highly productive auditor upon completion of your development program.

I will be in the Shanghai area the week of April 16. Please call me at 13600121690 to arrange a convenient time when we may meet to further discuss my background in relation to your needs. I look forward to meeting you then.

求职信常见开头句型：

（1） I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...

（2） Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for...，I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been looking for some time.

（3） In reply to your advertisement in... ， I beg to apply for the post of ... in your company.

（4） I wish to become a graduate student in the Department of Economics at your university.

（5） I wish to apply for a place at your school in April， in order to study for Master of Business Administration for a period of a year.

（6） The kind of work in which your company is engaged particular interests me.

（7） I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the position of... advertised in the paper.

（8） In reply to your advertisement in Beijing Youth Daily of December 25， I respectfully offer my services for the situation.

（9） Having heard that the situation of salesman in your company is vacant. I wish to offer my services for it.

（10） I have been told by Mr. John， Manager of the Business Book Publishing， with whom I believe you are acquainted， that you are expecting to make some additions to your company in September.

（11） So I must say that I have long been hopeful of working for your hospital after graduation， I am sure that I have the privilege of serving in your hospital， and I will greatly increase my experience and my education.

（12） Dear Sir， after my graduation from college this fall， I am desirous of securing a position that will offer me opportunity in the field.

（13） In reference to your advertisement in the newspaper for an accountant， I believe that I have the qualifications to fit your position.

（14） On looking over today's Economic Daily Times， my attention was attracted by your advertisement for a senior clerk.Now as I am desirous of obtaining such a position， I should like to apply for it.

（15） I have learned from the newspaper that there is a vacancy in your firm， and I wish to apply for the position.

求职信常用结束句型：

（1） I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonial as you request.

（2） I hope I may be granted an interview， when I can explain my qualification more fully.

（3） I should be pleased to attend for an interview at your convenience， when I could give you further details concerning myself.

（4） It seems to me that this experience， together with my education， has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of ...in a firm such as yours.

（5） If you would like to know more about my ability， I can be available for an interview at any time convenient to you.

（6） If you desire an interview， I shall be most happy to call in person， on any day and at any time you may appoint.

（7） Should you entertain my application favorably， I would spare no trouble to acquit myself to your satisfaction.

（8） If you feel that I am suited for the job that you have in mind， please inform me of the time convenient for an interview. I hope to hear from you in the near future.

（9） You will find enclosed a testimonial from the President of the University who has kindly offered to provide you with any further details you may require.

（10） If there is further information that you wish in the meantime， please let me know. I can always be reached at the address given at the beginning of this letter.

（11） I shall be able to call for an interview at your convenience and shall be able to supply any necessary or examples of my previous work.

（12） I am happy to refer you upon your request the people who can tell you of my work and my character.

（13） I wish to assure you that， if successful， I would endeavor to give you every satisfaction.

（14） Thank you in advance for your concern and attention.Please let me hear from you as soon as possible.

（15） I believe that you will consider this application favorably and I wish to assure you that I should make every effort to be worthy of the confidence you may place in me.

推荐信一般应包含以下内容：

1）被推荐人的基本情况介绍。侧重于个人的毕业时间、学校、所获学位以及个人的专业经历。

2）推荐人对被推荐人的基本评价。侧重于被推荐人的专业基础、个性、特点、工作态度和在学术上的前途估计。若是推荐研究生，推荐人还需进一步说明其深造学习的基础和当前所具备的研究能力。显然，恰如其分地评价被推荐人的基础、能力和前途，比言过其实的赞誉更令人信服，更具有实际意义。

3）推荐人可以着重介绍被推荐人曾经获得的奖励、发表过的论文、参加过的重要学术会议，以及曾在学生组织或学术团体中的任职等来支持自己的评价。

4）推荐人还必须清楚地表明被推荐人的身份是研究生还是访问学者，专业领域和研究方向是什么。如果提供了现成的推荐表格，则必须按这类表格认真逐项填写。推荐表格中一般有学生综合评估的一项，即要求推荐人说明该生在所教的学生中应列为前5%、10%、或25%等。

It is my pleasure to recommend my student Mr. Wang Gang for admission to your department for pursuing a master degree in accounting.

I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China， I enjoy my work and all of my Chinese students， who are so clever and friendly. However Mr. Wang Gang excels almost any others. He is not only outstanding in the field of accounting but also gifted for the English language， for he seems to understand almost every word I say in class. As concern as his personality， I find him honest， responsible， and cooperative. I bet you'll like him too.

I recommend him enthusiastically. If you need further information regarding Mr. Wang Gang， do not hesitate to contact me.

I am writing this letter to recommend my student Wang Gang who is seeking the position of marketing clerk of your company.

He says you are satisfied with his presentation at the interview and require recommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance in the college.

As his political instructor， I think Mr. Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks. He always ranks among the top five in his grade， has passed CET-6 and obtains a certificate of intermediate computer skills. Mr. Wang is a studious， selfless，and aspiring young man， and he is awarded the title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.

I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration.

推荐信常用句型：

（1） I'm very glad to recommend to you a former student of mine， Mr. /Miss... ， to be an ideal candidate for...

（2） There is little doubt that ... is sufficiently qualified for the post he/she is applying for. I stand up for her application without reservation.

（3） I would be much obliged to you if you could consider my recommendation and kindly offer him an opportunity.

（4） I should be very grateful if you would consider his/her application seriously.

（5） Armed with a strong sense of responsibility， commitment，enthusiasm and diligence， Mr. /Miss.... ， will definitely be competent for...

祝贺信通常应包含以下内容：

①祝贺之事和自己的反应。

②对成功的评价和对对方的钦佩。

③表达美好祝愿。

We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.

You have all along been working hard at your professional studies， and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results.

We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you.Wish you greater achievements in your college education.

How happy you must be to have a beautiful new baby boy.The happiness in my heart is just the same with you. Now you've experienced the joy that only a new mother knows as her baby is put into her arms for the first time.

I am sure that the little stranger must look like his father and some years later he will be a smart fellow.

May the years ahead be filled with good health and good fortune for you and Steven and your little what's-his-name. Best wishes to all of you！

祝贺信常用开头句型：

（1） It is the most joyful news I have heard for a long time.

（2） I was pleasantly surprised to read in the newspaper that you...

（3） Congratulations on your promotion/graduation/success/progress/achievement.

（4） I am delighted to learn that...

祝贺信常用结束句型：

（1） I wish you all possible joy and happiness in the world.

（2） We hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life together and in your chosen career.

（3） Wish you the best luck and every happiness.

（4） Please accept my heartfelt congratulations！

（5 ） I would like to express my best wishes and warmest congratulations to you.

（6） Here is a word of cheer on your birthday from a warm friend， congratulations and all good wishes to you！

英语求助信应遵照英文书信的格式，表达出自己希望得到帮助的急切心理和诚意。英语求助信通常包括自我介绍、写信目的、说明困难、提出要求以及进一步的展望。

I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you， with the hope that you will be kind to help me.

I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies. Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard，especially my very poor English. At this moment， the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request， whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance. I promise to be a diligent student. If you agree， I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.

Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.

I have applied for admission to Harvard University. As I have no relatives in the United States and I have no enough money for the tuition. I must find a financial guarantor. You know， in applying for a student visa， an affidavit to support must be submitted from an individual who will assure this opportunity. It plays an important role for my chance to enter the Harvard University. Could you do me a favor to be my financial guarantor？If I really have the chance of coming to the U. S. ， I will undertake part-time employment to cover all the living expenses.

Please write to me soon.

求助信常用句型：

（1） I don't know what to do.

（2） I wonder how to deal with the problem.

（3） I'm eager to get your help.

（4） I wonder how to deal with the problem.

（5） I am sorry that I have to ask a favor of you.

（6） I am writing to you， on behalf of the Students Union， to ask for help for our schoolmate.

（7） I am now confronted with the following difficulties.

（8） On no account can we see our friend suffer without giving him a hand ！