Ⅳ.场面描写
场面描写，就是对一个特定时间与地点内许多人物活动总体情况的描写。场面描写要表现出一种特定的气氛（如激烈紧张、欢呼雀跃、嬉笑怒骂等等），单一的表达方式和写作手法是不够的，要综合运用记叙、描写、抒情、议论等表达方式，以及映衬、象征等多种手法，这样才能使场面变成一幅生动而充满感染力的图画。场面描写是指对人物（往往是众多人物）在一定时间和环境中的活动所构成的画面的描写。场面描写与景物描写的不同在于：景物描写是描写人物活动的客观环境，是“静态”的描写；而场面描写是以人物活动为中心的“动态”的描写。把人物描写和景物描写融为一体的才是场面描写。
1.场面描写的方法
1）点面结合，以点为主
场面描写要勾画出整幅场景，这是“面”，也要描绘出局部细节，这是“点”。具体来说，“点”，一般是指场面的中心人物；“面”往往是围绕中心人物活动的其他人物。点与面的关系是被衬托与衬托的关系，以“点”为主，以“面”配合；有“点”无“面”，不能称其为场，只能说是人物描写；有“面”无“点”，往往失去中心，“面”又会散乱无章。点与面必须同时具备，相互作用，才能使场面描写重点突出，主次分明。
2）分清主次，理清头绪
场面不论大小，往往都是人物众多，事件繁杂。因此，必须理清头绪，要有主有从，有详有略，有层次、有条理地展开描写。有时一个场面中往往会有很多人，这就要求我们在描写时要突出主角，详写主要人物的语言、动作、表情。
3）远近结合，以近为主
“近”，是指主人公距离作者或读者较近；“远”，是指主人公周围较远距离的有关人物和景物，写“近”，是为了强化中心，突出主角；写“远”，是为了增强垫物，拓宽画面。用墨时，再以近写为主，因为它是重点；远写为次，稍加点墨即可。
4）动静结合，以动为主
场面描写与景物描写不同，景物描写侧重于客观自然环境的描写，以静态为主，而场面描写的重点则是众多人物的共同活动，以动态为主。可见，景物描写包括在场面描写之中，这就决定了场面描写不仅要写出人物生活的场点及其周围的客观环境，而且要生动地展示人物言行举止、喜怒哀乐。
5）纵横结合，以横为主
场面是在一定的空间和时间里出现的，作为反映现实生活的文章，场面描写也必然要展示相关的空间和时间。这空间就是“横”的描写，东南西北，左右前后，这里那里，无所不及；这时间就是“纵”的描写，上溯历史，联想以后，古往今来，无所不包。“横”写，意在展现人物的外在活动，体现场面描写的宽度；“纵”写，旨为反映人物的内在活动，增加场面描写厚度。前者是现实的，是眼前所见；后者是历史的或将来的，是心里所想。可见，场面描写必须是横向空间与纵向时间的最佳结合，且必须以横向现实描写为主。
6）多种描写结合，以言行描写为主
场面描写具有综合性，这就决定了必须采用多种描写手法进行场面描写，这些描写手法包括外貌描写、语言描写、行动描写、心理描写、景物描写、细节描写等等，它们有机结合，综合运用，而又以言行描写为主，这是因为在场面描写中它占据主导地位。
2.场面描写的句型
The mists was fleeing before the rising sun.
太阳慢慢升起，薄雾渐渐消失。
The aircraft was flying above thick fog.
飞机在浓雾上空飞行。
The sun shines brightly.
阳光灿烂。
The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.
许多花的花瓣在阳光中绽放。
Dewdrops shine brightly in the sunshine.
露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。
The morning dawned clear after the rain.
雨后的清晨，天一破晓就晴空万里。
Last night there was a full moon.
昨晚是满月。
All that happened many years ago.
那一切都发生在很久以前。
The river winds to the sea.
那条河蜿蜒地流入大海。
The wind blew my hat off.
风吹落了我的帽子。
It's raining hard.
雨下得很大。
Tears rained down her cheeks.
眼泪从她的面颊上如雨点般落下。
Round about， piles of lime-stone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow.
周围一堆堆的石灰石，在彩虹一样的斑斓色彩中闪闪发光。
The rainwater drips from the eaves.
雨水从屋檐滴下。
The rain was pelting down.
大雨倾盆。
It was pelting with rain.
大雨如注。
It is a beauteous evening， calm and free.
美妙的黄昏既安详又自在。
In the evening the rosy clouds were gorgeous.
傍晚的云霞绚丽多彩。
The evening sky flamed with red and orange.
傍晚天空的颜色是一片火红和橘黄相间。
The sunset is gorgeous.
落日辉煌。
At sunset， there was a bar of red across the western sky.
日落时，西边天空有一道红晖。
The sunset has tinted the sky with pink.
落日把天空染成了粉红色。
At midnight you'll hear the clock strike twelve.
午夜时你会听到钟打12点。
The grass was wet with dew.
草被露水打湿了。
Dew dripped from the trees.
露水从树上滴下来。
The leaves have started to colour； it will soon be winter.
树叶已开始变色，很快就是冬天了。
A cold wind rustled the leaves.
寒风刮得树叶沙沙响。
Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.
不加奶的咖啡在嘴里留下了一些苦味。
He crouched down among the tangled foliage.
他蹲下藏在紊乱的叶丛中。
There are many pear trees covered in blossom.
那里有许多开满花的梨树。
The moonlight shone on the calm sea.
月光映在平静的海面上。
Growing along the river are tall palm trees.
沿着这条河生长的是高大的棕树。
The river fed into a lake.
这条河流入一个湖泊。
The garden reaches down to the lake.
花园一直延伸到湖边。
We are enjoying the cool breeze that comes from the lake.
我们享受着湖面上吹来的凉爽微风。
The endless lea will purify your thought.
一望无际的草原会净化你的思想。
The prairies stretch on all sides as far as the eye can see.
草原向四周伸展，一望无际。
The thick mist clouded the mountain-top.
浓雾笼罩着山顶。
The sky turned dark as the storm came near.
暴风雨来临时，天空转暗。
She looked up staring at the somber December sky.
她抬起头来，凝望着十二月份阴沉沉的天空。
3.范文赏析
范文1：
An Exciting Race
Once a year a field and track sports meet was held in out school.
It was the last day of the sports meeting. At about 3 o'clock in the afternoon， there came a voice from the speaker： “Next item is the girl's 400-metre relay race. Runners please get everything ready！” On hearing this， the four girl runners of our class， Helen，Jane， Nora and Dinah， gathered quickly by the track and did some warming-up exercises. With strong determination， Dinah said to her teammates， “We should win honor for our class and put up a good show. ” After some time， teams from six other classes were entered. “On your marks，” the starter ordered. Then came the pistol shot. At the sound of it， the first runner shot from their starting points. Many eyes turned to a thin sixteen-year-old girl named Helen who started very fast and became the first one. Soon the second runner already moved， grabbed the sticks and raced on.Nora， the third runner had the stick and took the lead. Already running， Dinah reached for the stick. She was flying three or four steps ahead of the others. Dinah urged herself， “Faster！ Faster！”We cheered for her， shouting at the top of our voice. Bit by bit，she pulled quite ahead. It was too late for the others to close the gap and we all signed with relief. At the finishing line， Dinah was the first one that reached the end.
At that moment， nothing would have been more exciting. We laughed， shouted， and we were very proud of our heroines. We praised them for their good team work.
本文主要描写女子400米接力赛的场面。作者把这一场面放在一个很长的段落里写，给人以紧凑、紧张、生动、鼓舞人心的感觉。其中有些描写生动、具体，使读者如身临其境，如：There came a voice from the speaker， “Next item is the girl's 400-metre relay race. Runners please get everything ready！” ； ... the first runner shot from their starting points； Soon the second runner already moved， grabbed the stick and raced on.等。
范文2：
Swimming in the Sea
It was in hot summer that I took a trip to Qingdao， a port city in Shandong province， one afternoon， I decided to go to the seaside to get relief from the heat. For the first time in my life， I swam in the sea. At first， I was worried because though I was not a bad swimmer in the swimming pool， the sea was different. The waves coming one after another to the shore made a great noise and I thought they were going to swallow me up. I was terrified.Cautiously and slowly， I went close to the water. How cold it was！I was just about to give it up when I suddenly caught sight of a small boy who was about a head shorter than me. Weak as he seemed， he went straight into the sea without hesitation. I felt a little ashamed. What a timid girl I am！ I said to myself.Encouraged by his bravery， I continued advancing. Soon all of my body was covered by water. Before I got ready for a dive， a wave came over. It struck my face heavily and the water went into my eyes， nose and mouth. How bitter and salty it tasted！ But I was not discouraged at all. I wiped off the water on my face， took a deep breath， and began swimming happily. The waves became larger and larger， as if the sea was angry with me. When I saw a wave in the distance， I would hold my breath， and just before it came to where I was， I jumped up and easily kept myself from it.How exciting！ I was just like lying on the clouds！ All that afternoon， I swam and jumped and had a very good time. When finally I had to leave， I took a last look at the sea. The waves were still beating the shore， but I was no longer frightened. I must thank that little boy， I said to myself. It was he who gave me the courage.
本文作者写了她第一次在海里游泳的情况。但是，她主要不是叙述自己如何游泳，而是描写她由胆怯到勇敢，甚至敢于与惊涛骇浪争高下的转变过程。作者在文中使用了拟人和明喻两种修辞格：前者如：... swallow me up…和…as if the sea was angry with me...，后者如it was just like lying on the clouds.此外，有些句型如：... be just about to do... when...， weak as he seemed…用得很好，值得借鉴。