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在作文中往往要进行景物描写，什么是景物描写呢？对景色及周围陈设的描写就是景物描写。一般描写景物有两种形式，一种是全篇以描写景物为主。一种是在写人、记事、议论中插入景物描写。我们在观察景物时，首先，要观察景物变化的全过程。其次，要善于捕捉景物的颜色和姿态。最后，任何写景文章都不是单纯为写景而写景，所描写景物总要赋予它思想、感情。一篇优美的文章只有渗透了作者的真情实感，才能更好地表达文章中心思想，准确地抒发作者的情怀。景物描写时要注意以下三个方面：首先，写景的文字不能过多，不能一写到景物，就没完没了，无始无终，结果，景物写了很多，显得头大身子小，文章不匀称；其次，重点突出，主要景物多写一些，次要景物点下即可；最后，写景是为人和事服务的，要与文中所定的人和事有密切关联，景与人、事不能脱节，更不能把景物写成了文章的累赘。

1.景物描写常用词语、句型

above， under， beneath， over， below， beyond， nearby， further，down， around， opposite， here， there， eastwards， westwards，southwards， northwards， across from， adjacent to， before me， near to，next to， in the front， across the street， along the road， on top of， on the left， on the right， to one's left， to one's right， in the distance，down by the river... ， on the river， in the center， in the eastern/western/southern/northern part of...， on the east/west/south/north... ， in the suburbs， in the countryside， on the outskirts

cover， enclose， extend， flow， run， stand， to lie in， to be located in...， to be located near...， to be situated in...， to be surrounded by... ， across the river lies the... ， You can find... ， You can discover... ， You can get a fine view over... ， There is a fine view over...， It offers a fantastic view of...， It winds away into the...

One of the interesting things of... ， is the fact that... ， One of the pleasant features of... is the fact that... ， One of the most interesting parts is that... ， One of the really interesting places is that... ， One of the peculiarities of..i.s that...， One of the picturesque and impressive places of... is that... ， You should not miss seeing...， You should not miss going to...， Tourists should see... ， Tourists should visit... ， Tourists ought to visit... ，

The chemistry is right opposite to the cinema.

The cinema is right next to the bank and quite near the hotel.

The library is on the corner of the People Road.

The railway station is situated to the southeast of the lake.

On the north lie the great plains.

On one side， sits a tiny meadow that extends to the wall.

In front of me is the big red barns surrounded by rolling pastures.

Everything as far as the eye can see radiates a sense of prosperity.

A beautiful arrangement of fresh flowers sat in the very center of the table.

You can find the soaring glass-and-steel skyscrapers of the city.

The fields and forests are green and the creeks are still flowing.

The river and its branches are curving through the heart of the area.

On the map， the mountains look like jagged masses， the plains are like vast open flat spaces and the rivers are like meandering threads.

Here is a wide-open grassland with red rocks and sweetsmelling shrubs.

The region is blessed with plentiful rainfall and a mild climate.

Antelope abounded by fours and fives in the hills and yellow wild flowers lined the roads.

Yellowstone is still the favorite of tourists， with excellent highways leading into the park and comfortable inexpensive lodgings offered.

Mesa Verde National Park is a tableland about 24 kilometers long and 13 kilometers wide， rising 600 meters out of the valley below.

Yosemite National Park is famous for its beauty， its waterfalls which cascade 730 meters， and its valleys which have walls over 900 meters high.

These canyons were incredible， with four and five distinct layers of pine trees somehow clinging to the steep， rock walls.

This land， which once barred the way of weary travelers， now had become a land for winter and summer vacations， a land of magic and wonder.

The valley of the river was very fertile， and the young tender grass covered it like a field of wheat in May.

The chain of valleys along the Pacific is still a joyful sight to travelers.

Along the gently sloping land areas to the southeast are beaches of yellow， white and black sands.

Many manufacturing and fishing towns lie along the forested hills and lowlands that flank the bays and inlets of the northwest coast.

Southward， you will discover， the farmers scatter up and down the creeks and rivers， with great distance between families.

Clouds had moved up in the west， splitting the sun into rays that splayed in several directions.

The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was gravel square； four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner.

My home town is a beautiful place， but it is not very big. It stands beside a wide river at the foot of low green hills. There are about eleven thousand people in it. The streets are wide and straight， and there are many new houses and shops along them.There is a modern hospital and some fine schools. You can see trees and flowers everywhere.

But what were things like in the town in the old days？ It is said that it was a sad， dirty little town. There were only about several thousand people in it. Life was good for the few rich families. But the rest of the people were poor. Their life was miserable. They lived in dark， unhealthy rooms in old buildings and huts on narrow muddy streets. Many had no work and their children often went hungry.

Everything has changed now. The people have got rid of the mud and dirt. They have put up schools， theaters， shops and flats. They have an assembly hall which can seat two thousand people. Along the river they have built offices， hotels and a big park. Factories with tall chimneys have sprung up. On the river steamers and boats come and go busily， day and night. They carry products of our industries to all parts of the province.

I love my home town， and love its people， too.

本文首先简单介绍了家乡的基本情况：位置、人口、风景，使读者对家乡有一个大体了解，然后通过详细的对比，使读者对家乡的过去和现在的变化有了清晰的概念，从而更能体现家乡人民勤劳和家乡的发展，最后作者用一句话总结全文，表达作者对家乡的热爱，全文详略得当，层次分明，通过对家乡的描述，表达了作者对家乡的深厚感情。

The city of Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong Province. It is famous for its blue sea and beautiful beaches.

Qingdao is a wonderful place for summer holidays. Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country and all corners of the world come to visit the city every summer. They walk along the beaches， go swimming in the sea or do some shopping in the stores or on the markets. They can see the fine views of the city.Especially attractive are the building groups of the Eastern-and-Western-style mixed houses and villas.

Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in recent years. It has played an important part in the development of the foreign trade of our country. Its port is busy. Ships from all countries come and go every day. It has become an international port city.

本文开头便点出主题：青岛以其蓝色的海洋和漂亮的海滩而著称；接着在主题段着重描写了青岛海滨的特色和市内建筑的特点；最后指出青岛在中国对外贸易中所起的作用，全文详略得当，层次分明，将青岛这个国际化的大都市完全展现在读者面前。