Ⅱ.人物描写
人物描写是描写中的一个最重要类别之一，它包括外貌描写、行动描写、对话描写、心理描写等。外貌描写，又叫肖像描写，这是指对人物的外貌、情态、姿态、服饰等的描写。外貌描写的一个基本要求就是要为揭示人物的性格特征服务，因为一个人的内在精神状态，会通过一定外貌表现出来。
人物描写应栩栩如生，使读者见文如见人。而要达到这个效果需要使用描写性的形容词和副词，且需要包括视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉的细节描写。人物描写可能包括两方面的内容： （1）描写外貌、体态特征。 （2）描写情感、智力及品质。描写人物时应按一定的顺序描写，按时间或者空间顺序或者两者结合的手法。
心理描写，是指刻画人物内在精神世界，描述人物思想感情和思想斗争历程的一种写法，是揭示人物内在心灵世界，塑造人物形象，表达中心思想的主要手段。
对人物外部特征进行描绘，对于人物性格和人物形象的完整体现，有着重要的烘托作用。人物描写的功能多种多样，可以刻画人物性格特征，表现人物精神面貌，披露人物内心活动，揭示人物身份境遇，显示人物性格变化，突出作品主题思想。为使描写形象逼真、线条清晰、性格鲜明，作者要善于观察，调动丰富的想象力和敏锐的判断力，抓住描写对象的独特之处，并精于语言技巧，用生动活泼的语言再现人物鲜明的形象和性格。如：
Maria Apulia was a woman I would never forget. She was ninety-two years old when I met her， a gentle， diminutive in European dress. Her face was deeply lined， and her coarse grey hair had yellowed with the years. She spoke in a quivering voice that was half English and half American. Her gnarled hands testified to the years of hard work on the farm in her homeland.Yet in her dark eyes and in her gentle manner there was a childlike simplicity as she told me her tale. I thought， “She has the wisdom that comes with years of experience， and the gentle purity of a child—wonderful but strange combination of traits. ”
这是一幅用凝重言辞构成的人物素描。作者首先用old，gentle， diminutive， deeply lined， grey hair， quivering voice等词语勾勒出主人公那苍茫衰弱凄楚的形象，从其年迈的面容中看到她那智慧之光和她那孩童般的质朴无华，听到了她内心的啜泣。读后令人久久不能忘却这位饱经风霜、智慧、慈祥和纯朴的老妪。
1.人物描写常用词语、句型
1）外貌
He has a ...face. His face is... （long， round， oval...）
Her face looks... （pale， sallow， pink， fair， rosy， ruddy，dark...）
He has... eyes. Her eyes are... （bright， large， big and black，deep-set， light-blue， pale-green， grey-green， hazel， dark， paleblue... ）
He has a... nose. His nose is... （long， small， snub， ugly，fairly large， flat... ）
She has ...lips. Her lips are...S.he is...lipped. （thin， thick，full， round， soft and red...）
He has a ...set of teeth. His teeth are... （regular， irregular，slightly parted... ）
Her hair is... She is... haired. Her... hair hangs down to her waist. （wavy， brown， black， blonde， dark， reddy-brown， frizzy，nut-brown， curly， auburn， long... ）
He has... shoulders. His shoulders are... He is ... shouldered.He walks with ... shoulders. （broad， round， narrow， huge，bony... ）
He has... on... He is wearing... He is dressed in... He wears...He dresses...（ a good-fitting suit， ill-fitting suit， casual clothes， a T-shirt， formal clothes， a dinner-jacket， a coat， a sweater，overalls...） （ elegantly， neatly， formally， expensively， casually，scruffily， scantily... ）
He is.... He often has a... on his face. （frowning， scowling，smile， grin...）
He looks... He looks as if he is ... （irritable， relaxed， calm，happy， angry， sad， worried， excited... ）
2）性格素质
He is... （bright， agreeable， sane， imaginative， honest， sensible，patient， unselfish， friendly， fair...） （ dull， unimaginative， selfish，cruel， simple-minded， unintelligent， standoffish...） （ talkative，sophisticated， naive， quiet... ）
3）习惯
He has the habit of... （biting his nails， flapping his hands，blinking his eyes， playing his record player very loudly...）
4）年龄
He is at the age of... He is ...years old... He is in his...
例句：
He has a round face which changes dramatically when he smiles.
Her oval face often looks rather sallow in complexion.
A round-faced man went through the door on his short，stumpy legs.
His eyes are rather deep-set and light-blue.
My friend is a black-haired girl with large bright eyes.
She has a fringe over her forehead that almost hides her large pale blank eyes.
The first serious lines were just beginning to show on her face.
She has thin lips and a snub nose.
His nose is long but not ugly.
She has a regular set of white teeth and is full-lipped.
Her teeth are slightly parted and gleaming behind her soft red lips.
Her long， wavy hair is an extraordinary red-brown color.
Loose， wavy brown hair hangs down to her waist at the back.
Her eyelashes and eyebrows are black like her hair.
Her hair was blonde and a little out of place.
She wears ribbons in her black hair.
Her hair was black， and her body was full and warm， filling out the jeans just about right.
She walks with slightly-rounded shoulders.
She is very slim， almost thin， and about 5 feet 3 inches tall.
She is dressed in faded jeans， sandals， and a white T-shirt，her hair blowing in the morning wind.
He is dressed in a rather ill-fitted suit with patches on the elbows.
He mostly wears casual clothes—faded jeans， T-shirts， and open sandals.
People often thought of him as looking irritable but that was probably to do with his somewhat pink complexion and his bloodshot eyes.
He looks very serious， but in fact he is kind and gentle.
She has the habit of biting her nails but apart from that she is always likable.
She must have been in her early-thirties.
He is in his late-twenties， a thinnish， awkward young man，with a rather long neck， poor shoulders and large clumsy hands and feet.
He is of middle height and at the age of about 45.
2.描写外貌的小词
bobbed短卷发的big-featured五官较大的
double-chinned双下巴的high-cheekboned颧骨很高
sharp-featured五官分明的well-featured五官端正的
pimpled有粉刺的rosy/ruddy红润的
freckled有雀斑的wrinkled起皱纹的
double-faced两面派的well-shaped好看的
wrinkled/furrowy有皱纹的
CHEEK脸颊
bloated水肿的dimpled有酒窝的
flabby松弛的flushed发红的
protruding凸出的pallid苍白的
BEARD/MOUSTACHE/SIDEBUENS胡子
bushy浓密的bristly又硬又粗的
dense/thick密密麻麻的matted凌乱的
stubby又短又粗的
CHIN下巴
clear-cut线条清楚的jutting/ thrusting凸出的
rounded滚圆的sagging下陷的
full又胖又圆的
EYES眼睛
beadlike小而亮的bulging凸出的
close-set离得近的deep-sunken深陷的
dewy水灵灵的fishlike呆板的
slanting斜的watery水汪汪的
wide-spaced分得很开的
EYEBROW眉毛
arched弯弯的bushy浓密的
crescent月牙形的rugged疏密不均的
shapely秀丽的slanted成八字的
upturned向上翘的
EYELID眼皮
double-edged双眼皮的drooping下垂的
single-edged单眼皮的swollen浮肿的
LIP嘴唇
clear-cut轮廓分明的 curled-up上翘的
flaccid松弛的amorous/sexy性感的
ripe红润饱满的sensuous有美感的
well-cut形状好看的
MOUTH嘴
full/generous饱满的luscious肉感的
shapeless难看的tender柔和的
TOOTH牙齿
capped包过的even整齐的
gapped有间隙的jagged参差不齐的
protruding突出的uneven高低不平的
NOSE鼻子
aquiline/hooked鹰钩形的flat扁平的
high-bridged高鼻梁的upturned朝天的
pointed尖尖的
EAR耳朵
cauliflower（菜花耳的）招风耳的
drooping 耷拉下垂的
long-lobed耳垂很长的velvet柔软的
NECK脖子
slender纤细的squat又短又粗的
stiff挺立的bull粗壮的
SHOULDER肩膀
broad宽阔的drooping塌肩的
hollow没胸肌的hunched驼肩的
sloping斜的square宽而结实的
CHEST胸
bulging饱满的hairy毛茸茸的
thick结实的broad宽阔的
BELLY肚子
bulging突出的paunchy大腹便便的
flat平的slim苗条的
BACK背
brawny结实的burly粗壮的
rounded丰满结实的slender苗条的
straight挺立的rigid僵硬的
WAIST腰
wasplike蜂腰般的slender/slim苗条的
ARM手臂
brawny结实的flabby皮肉松弛的
muscular肌肉发达的muscle-corded肌肉突出的
WRIST手腕
blue-veined青筋暴出的heavy/thick粗壮的
slim纤细的weak无力的
HAND手
bony瘦骨嶙峋的callous有老茧的
chapped皲裂的deformed畸形的
gnarled多节的stubby短而粗的
FINGER手指
crooked扭曲的pointed尖尖的
stubby粗短的tapering上粗下细的
FINGERNAIL指甲
brittle易碎的manicured修剪过的
pointed尖的sharp尖而锋利的
FIST拳头
heavy厚实的hard-knuckled硬的
rocklike石头般的
HIPS臀部
flabby松弛的plump丰满的
slim苗条的swaying晃动的
trim好看的
LEG腿
bandy膝外弯的bowed弓形的
shapely匀称的spindle细长的
graceful美的
FOOT脚
broad宽的delicate纤巧的
sweaty多汗的veined青筋突出的
thick厚脚板的
MUSCLE肌肉
big大块的flaccid松弛的
taut绷紧的well-defined好看的
well-strung发达的
SKIN皮肤
chapped皲裂的 cracked干裂的
fair白皙的greasy/oily油性的
loose松弛的puffy浮肿的
tanned晒黑的
3.描述外表的词汇
高矮
a short person矮个子a tall person高个子
build体格height身高
of medium height中等身材的
胖瘦
a lean person瘦子
a man of stout build矮胖的人
fatty， a fat person胖的
gentle and graceful窈窕
healthy and strong健壮的
lanky过分瘦长的robust强壮的
slight of figure身材瘦小的
slim苗条的stout结实的，矮胖的
thin and small瘦小to get fat长胖
4.描述年龄的词汇
sixty years old六十岁in one's thirties三十多岁
about/around forties大约四十岁nearly fifties年近五十
in one's early twenties二十出头be one's age在某人的年纪时
be of the same age同龄approach old age/middle age/the age of boyhood年近老年/中年/少年
boys of preschool age/teenage学龄前/十几岁的男孩
girls between the ages of twelve and twenty 12至20岁之间的女孩
from the age of two从2岁起
be past thirty （years of age）年过三十
be over age/under age超龄/未成年
5.范文赏析
范文1：
My Good Friends
Tom and Jack are all my good friends although they are completely different from each other.
Tom is very short and rather fat. He likes to be well dressed.Every month， Tom spends all his money before his parents give him some more. Tom enjoys being with people. He's extremely cheerful all the time and likes to tell jokes. He loves to go to parties， and is always surrounded by people. He likes to dance and to listen to loud music. At every party， he sings all his favorite songs at the top of his voice. Tom is a typical extrovert.
Jack is completely different from Tom in looks， personality，and habits. Jack is tall and thin. He likes to wear plain clothes and live frugally（节约地）. Every month， he is able to save some money. Jack likes quietness and to stay alone. He seldom laughs；he is very solemn. He loves reading， painting and travelling alone.He is a typical introvert.
本文用对比的方式将Tom与Jack两个人描写得栩栩如生，第一段点名主题，第二、三段展开叙述，从各个方面描写了两个人的不同特点。层次分明，条理清晰。
范文2：
My English Teacher
My English teacher is a woman of medium-height. She is in her thirties. She always has a smile on her face and a kind word for her students. As she is also a little plump， she gives people the impression that she is a patient， responsible and easy-going teacher. This picture of my teacher is true.
She devotes herself to the cause of education. She prepares and organizes her lessons so well that we are fully attentive in her class. After class she often gives lesson to the students who have been absent from school because of illness. With her help， we have become more and more interested in our English study. Whenever we have problems we will turn to her for help. As a matter of fact，she is more an intimate friend to us than a respected teacher. We have learnt a great for her devotion to her work， her conscientiousness in teaching， and her readiness to help others.
这篇文章首先描写老师的外貌特征及这种外部特征给学生的印象。人物外部特征的描绘，对于人物性格和人物形象的完整体现，有着重要的烘托作用。而作为一个老师，最主要的事情应该是对待工作的态度，因此文章第二段重点描述了老师对待工作的态度，体现老师对工作的认真负责及对学生的关怀和帮助，使读者对这位老师有了更深刻的认识，全文详略得当，重点突出。
范文3：
My Mother
I love my mother very much. Like many other Chinese women， my mother is diligent. She works in a primary school. In order to teach well， she prepares her lectures very carefully and often works so late at night.
My mother is very kind and sincere. She gets along with her neighbors and colleagues. When they have difficulties， she is always ready to lend them a helpful hand. Therefore she is loved and respected in our neighborhood.
Mother often tells me to be honest and upright. She expects me to be useful to the people in the future. Up to now， I still remember her saying: Do as much as you can and you will succeed.
这篇文章描写了自己的母亲。作者写得很生动。让我们看到了一个善良而朴实的母亲。她的美好形象深深地刻在了我们心中，作者寥寥数语就将母亲的形象描写出来。文章运用了很多的形容词。善于运用词汇并且抓住特征，就能让我们笔下的人物栩栩如生。