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只包含一个主语（Subject）和谓语（Predicate）的句子称为简单句。但有时一个句子可包含两个或两个以上并列的主语或谓语，仍为简单句。如：

（1） Fire and water do not agree.

（2） She bought a book for me.

她为我买了一本书。

（3） She makes her mother angry.

她惹她妈妈生气了。

（4） The teacher asked me to read the passage.

老师让我读这段文章。

（5） Caroline came into the classroom and sat down.

卡罗琳走进教室坐了下来。

包含两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构的句子称为并列句。在意义上，各分句（Independent Clauses）是同等重要并相互关联的；在语法结构上，它们是平行且相互间没有从属关系。并列句的各个分句常用一定的并列连词（Coordinating Conjunctions）、连接副词（Conjunctive Adverbs）、分号（Semicolon）等连接在一起。如：

（1） Recite some good essays； on the other hand， you should often practice writing.

背诵一些好文章；另一方面，还应该经常练习写作。

（2） He is faced with a lot of difficulties； nevertheless， he will never give up.

他面临着许多困难；但不管怎样，他绝不会放弃。

（3） Wise men seek after truth while fools despise knowledge.

智者求真理，愚人贬知识。

（4） The proposal was not well thought out； moreover， it would have been too expensive.

这个建议本身就不好；再者，实施起来花费也大。

由一个主句（Main Clause）和至少一个从句（Subordinate Clause）构成的句子称为复合句。

在复合句中，主句是整个句子的主体部分，从句只是整个句子的一个成分，不能独立存在，在句法关系上从属于主句。从句须用关联词（Connectives）引导，来表明与主句的关系。

（1）名词性从句

Who will go is not important.

It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not.

That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

I hope （that） everything is all right.

I'm interested in what you've said.

I wonder if it doesn't rain.

The question was who could go there.

My idea is （that） we can get more comrades to help in the work.

I have no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

（2）关系性从句

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

Beijing， which was China's capital for more than 800 years， is rich in cultural and historic relics. （非限制性定语从句）

This is the one of which I'm speaking.（介词之后的定语从句）

Although heat waves surged on in summer， they still played football. （让步状语从句）

I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.（时间状语从句）

The house stood where three roads met.（地点状语从句）

Ifshe asksme， I'll tell her.（条件状语从句）

So far as I know， he is trustworthy.（方式状语从句）

2.按句子的用途

（1） They lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature， even in very cold winter weather.

他们生活得很活跃，即使在严寒的冬天也能保持正常的体温。

（2） If you do have difficulties， it is better to try again another day.

如果你的确有困难，最好改天再试一试。

（3） This is a most troublesome case.

这是一个棘手的案子。

（1） Who is it on the phone？

（2） How many oranges can you see in the picture？

你能在图画上看到多少个橘子？

（3） Who is standing at the window？

（4） Shouldn't we start now？

我们现在是不是该动身了？

（1） Go and wash your hands.

去洗你的手。——命令

（2） Be quiet， please. （Please be quiet. ）