今天的句子来自大西洋月刊最新的一篇文章，题目叫做：
Why American Students Haven't Gotten Better at Reading in 20 Years
（为什么美国学生的阅读能力在过去的20年中没有得到提高）
文章很有启发意义，文章分析了美国学生在阅读能力培养上的缺陷，更重要的是分析了这一现象背后的社会原因。学生的阅读能力与他们的社会阅历有很大的关系，家庭成长环境以及平时信息来源都会成为制约因素。这些分析都是有理论依据的：
Cognitive scientists have known for decades that simply mastering comprehension skills doesn’t ensure a young student will be able to apply them to whatever texts they’re confronted with on standardized tests and in their studies later in life.
认知科学家几十年前就已经知道，仅仅掌握理解能力并不能保证一个年轻的学生能够将其应用到他们在标准化考试和以后的学习中遇到的任何文本中。
今天的句子：
Willingham explained that whether or not readers understand a text depends far more on how much background knowledge and vocabulary they have relating to the topic than on how much they’ve practiced comprehension skills. That’s because writers leave out a lot of information that they assume readers will know. If they put all the information in, their writing would be tedious.
词汇突破：
1.A depend far more on B than on C： A更多的取决于B而不是C
2.tedious 乏味，冗长
第一句：
Willingham explained that whether or not readers understand a text depends far more on how much background knowledge and vocabulary they have relating to the topic than on how much they’ve practiced comprehension skills.
切分：
1.Willingham explained that /
2.whether or not readers understand a text depends far more on
3. they have how much background knowledge and vocabulary（调序）
4.（relating to the topic 充当background knowledge and vocabulary的定语）
5.than on how much they’ve practiced comprehension skills.
参考译文：威林厄姆解释说，读者是否理解一篇文章，更多地取决于他们有多少与主题相关的背景知识和词汇，而不是他们训练了多少理解能力。
第二句：
That’s because writers leave out a lot of information that they assume readers will know.
切分：
1.That’s because
2.writers leave out a lot of information
3.that they assume readers will know.（定语从句）
参考译文：这是因为作者遗漏了很多他们认为读者会知道的信息。
第三句：
If they put all the information in, their writing would be tedious.
切分：
1.If they put all the information in,
2.their writing would be tedious.
参考译文：如果他们把所有的信息都放进去，他们的写作就会很乏味。
后续：（有抄写每日一句习惯的同学，不用抄了）
But if readers can’t supply the missing information, they have a hard time making sense of the text. If students arrive at high school without knowing who won the Civil War they’ll have a hard time understanding a textbook passage about Reconstruction.
词汇突破：
1. make sense of: 理解
2. have hard time doing sth: 做…有困难
参考译文：但是如果读者不能自行补充缺失的信息，他们就很难理解文章的意思。如果学生们上高中时不知道谁赢得了内战，他们将很难理解教科书中关于重建的章节。
A sixth-grader at one of his schools was frustrated that a passage on a reading test she’d taken kept repeating a word she didn’t understand: roog-bye. The unfamiliar word made it hard for her to understand the passage.
参考译文：他学校的六年级学生很沮丧，因为她参加的一次阅读测试中的一个段落不断重复一个她不理解的单词：roog-bye。这个不熟悉的词使她很难理解这篇文章。