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重要总结:

副词在句子中一般没有语法功能,只是添加一点感情色彩,但由于是由实词转换而来,又算是虚词里比较务实的一类词。它们有基于词根的核心意思,但因为主要用途是表语气,所以衍生出的义项很多,语义范围很广。

比如说昨天句子里出现的simply,它来由simple(简单的)而来,所以有一个意思是:简单地(=plainly),像在simply put(简而言之)这个表达里。但请记住,所有的副词基本都是多面手,不要把simply看得太简单,它还可以表示以下意思:

1.       明显地(=clearly): There is simply not enough water.

2.      直接地(=directly): He simply asked me to leave.

3.      仅仅(=solely): He was pursued simply for his connection to the President.

4.      只是(=merely, just): They are simply trying to survive.

5.      强调语气,可译可不译(=really, literally): The food is simply marvelous.

看出来了么,昨天的simply not working well enough用法上最接近“强调语气”这个义项,如果一定要译的话,就相当于汉语里的“根本”“实在”,即“根本没有起到足够作用”,“实在没有起到足够作用”。不译也没有什么问题。昨天出于通顺的考虑,我最后用的是“并不理想”,直接把语气化在里面了。但好像给一些同学造成了困扰,这里特别总结,给大家解释一下。

(如果觉得解释的还不错,就请点击支持一下! 你的鼓励,我们大家的动力!)

另外:

When 可以表示原因,就说一句话: When you are rich, I will marry you.(扎心了吧,但是说这话的人也是好人,至少告诉你ta需要什么,而不是找了一些其他虚伪的理由。)

(不用你自己判断,如果问题问原因了,when 后面就可能是原因。)

今天的句子:

There are numerous possible reasons for Johnson’s Teflon-like qualities. Perhaps the privilege of rich white men really is so pervasive that they can literally do whatever they feel like and not suffer any consequences. Perhaps the reason it’s so hard to shame Johnson is that he appears to lack the capacity to feel shame. In any case, a straw must surely break the camel’s back – and it may as well be this. If lying to the country about something so serious doesn’t return Johnson to the back benches, what will it take? 

What is author’s attitude towards Johnson?

Positive or negative

词汇突破:

1. Teflon-like qualities :特氟龙一样的特质;(特氟龙是不粘锅常用的涂料)这里是个比喻,此语境下表示这个人“脸皮厚”;前台湾地区领导人马英九也曾经被称为是“不粘锅”,指的是在政治上没有明确的派系,爱护自己的名声大过去做实际的工作。有的时候政治人物过于在乎自己的羽毛反而是件自私的事情。

2. privilege 特权

3. pervasive 盛行

4. literally (你看又遇到副词了吧)强调语气而已了。

5. shame 动词=羞辱; 名词= 羞愧;

6.back benches 后座议员席,(推回后座议员席)比喻:撤掉这个大臣的职位;

7.suffer consequences : 遭受后果 

第一句:

There are numerous possible reasons for Johnson’s Teflon-like qualities.

参考译文:约翰逊有和不粘涂料一样的品质,可能的原因很多。

第二句:

Perhaps the privilege of rich white men really is so pervasive that they can literally do whatever they feel like and not suffer any consequences.

主干识别:

the privilege of rich white men really is so pervasive

切分成分:

So… that+结果状语从句

they can literally do whatever they feel like and not suffer any consequences

参考译文:也许,富有白人的特权真是无处不在,以致于的确可以为所欲为,而且不用承担任何后果。

第三句:

Perhaps the reason it’s so hard to shame Johnson is that he appears to lack the capacity to feel shame.

主干识别:

the reason is that…

切分成分:

1.it’s so hard to shame Johnson 同位语从句

2. he appears to lack the capacity to feel shame. 表语从句

参考译文:也许很难让约翰逊羞愧的原因是,他似乎没有感到羞愧的能力(他似乎没有羞耻感。)这句骂的狠,哈哈哈!

第四句:

In any case, a straw must surely break the camel’s back – and it may as well be this.(as well 表示强调)

参考译文:不管怎样,总有一根稻草会压断骆驼的脊梁,也许就是这次。

第五句:

If lying to the country about something so serious doesn’t return Johnson to the back benches, what will it take? 

参考译文:如果就这么严重的事向全国人民扯谎,都不会把约翰逊推到后座议员席(撤他的职),那什么才会呢?

(作者就想说:约翰逊滚蛋!)

思考题的答案够明显了吧!

明天的句子:

Inevitably, accelerating the path to market for pharma firms involves a trade-off. It may well be better to give people the option of a treatment in five years whose efficacy is known with 80% certainty than to wait 20 years for one with 99% certainty.

思考题:

判断:It is always better to wait for a more certain treatment.