昨天的句子暴露了同学们一个知识的盲点：

Given的用法：

可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。如：

Given their young age, they’ve done a good job.

考虑到他们年纪轻，这工作他们已干得很不错了。

Given her interest in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.

鉴于她对小孩的兴趣，我敢肯定教书是她最适合的职业。

注意，given 后也可接 that 从句。如上面两句也可以改为：

Given that they’re young, they have done a good job.

Given that she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.

中国的家长在为了孩子的读书而神伤，为了让孩子们获得好的教育资源，家长们绞尽脑汁。“学区房”在很多城市都存在。这样的情况在美国也存在，美国许多非白人社区近期出现快速中产化的趋势。大量白人家庭为追逐优质教育资源涌入传统的有色人种聚居区。联邦政府向弱势群体倾斜的教育政策无疑是这批白人家庭搬家的强大动力。教育平等也许只是一个终将消散的梦幻，资源终将流向资本和上层。

这篇文章来自今天的大西洋月刊。这篇文章有一个核心词汇，当然是一个超纲词：Gentrification 对应的动词是：gentrify（贵族化，中产化）；

下面是牛津的解释：

Gentrify： to change an area, a person, etc. so that they are suitable for, or can mix with, people of a higher social class than before

   使(地区或人等)贵族化；对(地区、人等)进行改造以适应较高阶层的人:

   Old working-class areas of the city are being gentrified.

   这个城市工人居住的老城区正在进行改造,以供较高阶层人士居住。

文章标题是：School Choice May Be Accelerating Gentrification

择校可能会加速（地区的）贵族化（中产化）

在这些非白人社区周边提供了四种学校的模式：

1.magnet schools,

2.private school vouchers,

3.charter schools,

4.open enrollment across school districts

这四种学校是什么意思，我们不用知道；但是我们要知道这四种模式对于Gentrification的影响；看看下面的句子告诉我哪两种模式对于Gentrification的影响最大？

今天的句子：

The effects were substantial: A predominantly non-white neighborhood’s chance of gentrification more than doubles, jumping from 18 percent to 40 percent when magnet and charter schools are available.

The study found no impact of the open-enrollment initiatives that allow students to cross school-district lines to attend school. Voucher programs, perhaps the most divisive of the school-choice options, had mixed effects.

写下你的答案！数字就好！