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秦腔在民间俗称“乱弹”，是中国现存最古老的剧种。除陕西外，还流行于甘、宁、青、晋南、豫西、内蒙、川北等地，深受老百姓的喜爱。秦腔在其漫长的发展过程中积累了4 000多个剧目，居各剧种之首。

秦腔艺术源远流长。相传唐玄宗李隆基曾设专门培养演员的梨园，教人演唱宫廷乐曲和民歌。梨园的乐师李龟年原是陕西民间乐人，所作《秦王破阵乐》被称为“秦王腔”，简称“秦腔”。其后，秦腔受宋词的影响，从内容到形式日臻完美。清乾隆时，秦腔名旦魏长生自蜀入京，他精湛的演技轰动京城，观者如潮。中国著名的京剧表演艺术家梅兰芳曾评价秦腔说：“秦腔跟京剧有密切的关系。有人说过，京剧的主要曲调‘西皮’就受秦腔的影响很大，此外，在剧本和表演方面，都有相似的地方……”秦腔可分为东西两路，西路入川为梆子；东路在山西为晋剧，在河南为豫剧，在河北为河北梆子。秦腔可以称为“百戏之祖”。

秦腔唱腔的突出特点是高亢激越，要求用真嗓音演唱，一般不用假音，保持了原始和豪放的特点。“唱戏吼起来”为陕西十大怪之一。

The Shaanxi Opera，with its so－called luantan tones，is the most ancient opera in China.It is not only popular in Shaanxi，but also in Gansu，Ningxia，Qinghai，Southern Hebei，Western Henan，Inner Mongolia and Northern Sichuan，etc.People are very fond of it.During its long history，more than 4 000 traditional programs have been accumulated，which outnumbers those of any other local opera.

Shaanxi Opera has a long history.It is said that Emperor Xuanzong，Li Longji，once set up an institute called the Liyuan for performer training.Royal music and folk songs were taught there.The musician Li Guin ian composed a program The First Qin Emperor Breaks through Round－ups.The program was later called the Emperor Qin's Opera，or the Qin Opera（Shaanxi Op era）.Poems in the Song Dynasty also had an influence on the Shaanxi Opera，and improved both its content and style.During Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty，a famous actor of Shaanxi Opera called Wei Changsheng went to Beijing and his superb performance was well re ceived.Mei Lanfang，the famous Chinese artist of the Beijing Opera，had an opinion about the Shaanxi Oper a：“Beijing Opera is closely linked with the Shaanxi Op era.The major tone“Xi Pi”in the Beijing Opera was said to be created with the influence of the Shaanxi Opera.They are also similar in script and perform ance...”The Shaanxi Opera can be divided into west ern style and eastern style.Sichuan Bangzi Opera be longs to the western，while the Shanxi Opera，the Henan Opera，and the Hebei Bangzi Opera belong to the eastern.As a matter of fact，the Shaanxi Opera is well worthy of the name“ancestor of all Chinese local operas”.

Sonorous and exciting singing are typical features of the Shaanxi Opera.Since falsetto is not practiced，the singing is always real and unsophisticated.“Shouting When Performing”is one of the 10 Shaanxi peculiar phenomena.

在凌晨两点，酒吧店主锁了店门，回家睡觉。他刚躺下几分钟，这时电话铃响了。“你早上几点营业？”他听到一位明显已醉醺醺的男子的声音。

店主非常气愤，砰地一声挂上电话又上床去睡。几分钟后又有一个电话，他听到的还是那个声音在问同样的问题。“听着，”店主嚷道，“不要问我什么时候营业，因为我不会让你这种人进我的店的……”

“我不是想进来，”那人打断他的话，“我是要出去。”

A bar owner locked up his place at 2a.m. and went home to sleep.He had been in bed only a few minutes when the phone rang.“What time do you open up in the morning？”he heard an obviously inebriated man inquire.

The owner was so furious，he slammed down the receiver and went back to bed.A few minutes later there was another call and he heard the same voice ask the same question.“Listen，”the owner shouted，“there's no sense in asking me what time I open because I wouldn't let a person in your