The Maoling Mausoleum

现在我们出发去茂陵，这里先为大家做个简介。

茂陵是汉武帝的陵墓，距兴平市东15千米。西汉时，茂陵地属槐里县茂乡，武帝在此建陵，故称“茂陵”。现为全国重点文物保护单位。

汉武帝（公元前141—前87年）是西汉第五代皇帝，名刘彻，7岁时被立为太子，16岁继承帝位，在位54年，是我国历史上在位时间最长的皇帝之一。人们常常把秦皇汉武相提并论，这是因为，封建专制主义的中央集权制国家是由秦始皇建立的，然而真正完全巩固这种体制的是汉武帝。他的雄才大略，使西汉王朝达到了强盛的顶点。中国封建社会在政治、经济、军事、文化等方面都有了较大的发展，我国开始以一个高度文明和富强的国家而闻名于世。

汉武帝不仅是一位具有雄才大略的政治家和军事家，而且他也很喜欢诗歌和音乐。他设立了一个叫做“乐府”的机构，专门负责收集民间诗歌、配乐谱曲以及训练乐工。因此，汉代的许多民歌得以保存到今天。乐府诗对后世影响极大，唐代大诗人李白、杜甫、白居易都曾模仿乐府诗歌，并加以继承和发扬。

为了把财政大权集中在朝廷，汉武帝禁止民间及地方政府铸钱，只准中央政府铸造的五铢钱通行；禁止民间冶铁煮盐，对盐、铁实行官营专卖。

汉武帝享年71岁，死后葬于茂陵。该陵全部用夯土筑成，形如覆斗，高46米，陵墓边长240米。陵园周围有夯筑城垣遗迹，平面呈方形，每边长400米，墙基宽5.8米。现在，东、西、北三面城垣仍有阙楼遗迹存在。

好了，我们到了。大家请下车，我们去参观一下。

茂陵是西汉诸陵中规模最大、修建时间最长、随葬品最丰富的陵墓。汉武帝在位54年，茂陵就修了53年。到他寿终正寝时，陵上的树木已长得可合抱了。茂陵墓室里究竟藏了多少金银珠宝，谁也无从知道。但据史书记载，每年国家赋税的1／3都用于修筑茂陵和购置随葬品。相传武帝身穿的金缕玉衣、玉箱、玉杖和武帝生前所读的杂经30余卷，盛于金箱，也一并埋入。

通过对茂陵陵园及茂县城遗址的考察，发现这里有大量的汉代建筑遗址以及五角形水道、石子路面等城建设施。

大家可以看到，茂陵四周有20多个贵戚功臣的陪葬墓。六战匈奴的青年军事家霍去病死后就葬在茂陵东侧1千米处。1978年在霍去病墓所在地建立了茂陵博物馆，展出在茂陵陵园出土的瓦当、汉砖、陶俑及其他珍贵文物和霍去病墓前的大型石刻。

我们明天会去参观霍去病的陵墓，我们现在要去的是今天的最后一站是永泰公主墓。

We are at the Maoling Mausoleum.I will make a brief introduction to you.

The Maoling，located some 15 kilometers to the east of Xingping City，is the tomb of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty.As at that time the tomb site was in the precinct of Mao Township of Huaili County，the tomb for the emperor was known as the Maoling.It is now one of the cultural units of national importance under the protection of the state.

Emperor Wudi（140－87 BC），also called Liu Che，was the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.At the age of seven，he was made the crown prince.He came to the throne at 16 and was in power for 54 years.He was one of the emperors for the longest period in the history of China.The First Qin Emperor and Emperor Wudi are usually regarded as equals，because the autocratic state of centralized power in the feudal society was established by the First Qin Emperor but consolidated by Emperor Wudi.During his reign of 54 years he achieved a great deal with his great talents and clairvo－yance，pushing the Great Han Empire up to the zenith of its power.The feudal society of China made great developments in politics，economy，military affairs，and culture.China began to make a name for itself in the world as a highly civilized，wealthy and powerful nation.

Emperor Wudi was not only a statesman but also a strategist of great talent and a lover of poetry and music as well.He set up an organization called Yuefu，an official conservatory for collecting and composing folk songs and ballads and for training musicians.It was because of this that many folk songs in the Han Dynasty were preserved and passed down through the ages till today.Yuefu poems had a great influence on people of later periods.Great poets like Li Bai，Du Fu and Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty used to imitate and develop the style of the Yuefu poems.

To bring financial and economic policy under the control of the imperial court，Emperor Wudi announced that coin－minting was forbidden among the people and local governments and only the coins minted by the central government could be in circulation.Metallurgy and salt processing were also forbidden among the people.Only the business run by the government enjoyed the exclusive right to sell salt and iron.

Emperor Wudi died at the age of 71，and was buried at the Maoling Mausoleum.His mausoleum was built of rammed earth in the shape of a four－sided dipper，46 meters high and 240 meters long. Around the mausoleum there are vestiges of walls on four sides，each of which was 400 meters long with a base of 5.8 meters wide.Today the vestiges of the eastern，western and northern watchtowers can still be clearly seen.

Now that we are here，let's get out and have a visit.

Among the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty，the Maoling Mausoleum was the largest in dimen sion.It took the longest time to build and had the richest funeral objects.Emperor Wudi was in power for 54 years，and the construction of the Maoling Mausoleum took 53 years to be completed.By the time he died，the trees at the mausoleum had grown so big that one could hardly get his arms around them.How much gold，silver，jewelry and other treasures were buried in the tomb？Only God knows.According to historical records，one third of the yearly taxes went into the construction of the mausoleum and the purchase of funeral objects.It is said that the jade－clothes pieced together with gold thread worn by the emperor，the jade－case and staff，all the reading materials and a total of some 30 volumes which were encased in gold case，were all buried with the emperor.

From the archaeological research of both the Maoling cemetery and the ruins of the town.Many cultural relics have been discovered，including several remains of construction sites，pentagon sewer pipes，cobbled roads and other building infrastructure from the Han Dynasty.

You can see there are over 20satellite tombs of high officials and noble relations around the Maoling Mausoleum.The famous young general Huo Qubing who，on six occasions，fought the Hun invaders bravely，was buried on the eastern side of the mausoleum one kilometer away.In 1978，the Maoling Museum was set up.Eave tiles，Han bricks，pottery fi－gures and other valuable historical relics that have been excavated at the Maoling Mausoleum as well as the giant stone carvings that were originally placed in front of Huo Qubing's Tomb are now on display there.

We will visit Huo Qubing's Tomb tomorrow. Now we will go to visit the last scenic spot today，the Tomb of Princess Yongtai.

快乐旅途

迷　路

Lost Far from Home

一辆警车停在了贝西祖母家门前，随后摩里斯祖父下了车。

彬彬有礼的警察解释说这位老先生在公园里迷了路……回不了家了。“噢，摩里斯，”祖母说，“那个公园你已经去了30多年了！怎么会迷路？”

摩里斯朝祖母探了探身子，好让警察听不见。他轻声说：“我没迷路……我就是太累了，不想走路回家。”

A police car pulled up in front of Grandma Bessie's house，and Grandpa Morris got out.

The polite policeman explained that this elderly gentleman said that he was lost in the park and couldn't find his way home.“Oh，Morris”，said grandma，“you've been going to that park for over 30years！So how could you get lost？”

Morris leaned close to grandma，so that the policeman couldn't hear.He whispered，“I wasn't lost...I was just too tired to walk home.”