The Qinglong Temple

现在我们参观的就是著名的青龙寺，大家跟我来。

青龙寺位于唐长安城内的新昌坊，距城区东南约3千米处，是佛教密宗的著名寺院。据史书记载，寺院始建于隋代开皇二年（582年），原名灵感寺。唐代武德四年（621年），灵感寺一度被废弃，唐龙朔二年（662年）复立为观音寺。唐景云二年（711年），改名为青龙寺。唐会昌五年（845年），在全国性的灭佛高潮中，青龙寺被毁废，收为国家内园。翌年五月，又恢复为寺，改名为护国寺，但当时人们仍习惯称其为“青龙寺”。直到北宋时，青龙寺仍然存在。北宋元祐元年（1086年）以后，寺院渐次荒废湮灭。

唐代是佛教在中国发展的鼎盛时期。由唐代著名高僧惠果所住持的青龙寺，是当时密宗的重要道场之一，盛极一时。来此求法的除国内各地的僧侣外，还有日本、新罗等国的僧侣。尤其是日本的僧人受中国佛教影响颇深。青龙寺是日本佛教密宗的祖庭，9世纪初至中叶，日本曾派遣大批僧人到唐朝求法。日本佛教史上著名的“入唐八家”中的六家（空海、圆行、圆仁、慧远、圆珍、宗睿）来长安后，曾先后在青龙寺受法。

这里我们不得不提到一个重要人物——空海。

空海，号弘法大师，公元774年生于日本赞岐园（今香川县）。公元804年随日本遣唐使藤原葛野橘入唐求法，在青龙寺拜惠果为师，学习密宗。惠果为其灌顶并赠法号“遍照金刚”。空海遂成为真言密宗的第八代座主。惠果还请人为空海缮写新译佛经，临摹密宗历代教祖像，铸造密宗法器。空海于公元806年回国，在日本创立真言宗，成为开创日本“东密”之大师。他在传教的同时，还将中国的文字、书法、天文、医药等多方面的知识传播到日本，为促进中日两国的文化交流做出了卓越的贡献。

中华人民共和国成立以后，国家对文物保护工作非常重视。1956年，陕西省人民委员会公布青龙寺遗址为省级重点文物保护单位。1982年，西安人民政府设立了青龙寺遗址保管所。中国科学院考古研究所曾两次对青龙寺遗址进行勘察和发掘，初步确定的建筑遗址7处，其中有门址、塔址、殿堂及廊庑等遗址。在发掘的出土文物中，有唐代的莲花砖瓦当、鸱尾残片、筒瓦等建筑材料及鎏金小佛像、三彩佛像残片、经幢等寺院古物。这些文物的发现，为进一步研究青龙寺的历史提供了有力证据。

另外，空海纪念碑于1982年在青龙寺建成，寺内其他殿堂也相继重建完毕，供游人参观。

Now we are visiting the famous Qinglong Temple.Follow me please.

The Qinglong Temple is located in Xinchang Lane about three kilometers southeast from the old City of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty.It was a fa mous temple of Buddhism.According to historical records，It was originally named Linggan Temple.It was first built in 582 AD，the 2nd year of Kaihuang's rule in the Sui Dynasty.However，it was aban doned in 621 AD，the 4th year of Emperor Wude's reign.Near the year 662 AD，the 2nd year of Longshuo's reign，the temple was reopened as the Goddess of Mercy and still later the name was changed to the Qinglong Temple in 711 AD，the 2nd year of Emperor Jingyun's reign of the Tang Dy nasty.Towards the year 845 AD there was a na tionwide uprising to eliminate Buddhism and the tem ple was again discarded and turned into part of an imperial garden.How－ever，in May of the next year it was again returned to a temple named the Temple of National Protection.However，people still liked to call it the Qinglong Temple.The tem ple remained intact up to the Northern Song Dynasty. Later after 1086，the 1st year of Yuan－you's reign，it fell gradually into disrepair.

The Tang Dynasty was a flourishing period in the development of Buddhism in Chinese history. With the famous senior Monk Huiguo as its abbot，the Qinglong Temple used to be one of the important preaching pulpits for Esoteric Buddhism which was in vogue for a time.Those who came to learn its doctrines included not only Chinese monks but also friars from Japan and Xinluo.Among the monks those who were most influenced were the Japanese ones.The Qinglong Temple was the place of origin of the Japanese Mi Sect of Buddhism.From the early Tang Dynasty to the middle of the ninth century，many Japanese monks were sent to China to study Buddhism. In the Buddhist history of Japan，“of the eight monks who came to the Tang Dynasty”，six of them had studied in the Qinglong Temple when they arrived in Chang'an.Those who acquired great attainments and stood out among others were Konghai，Yuanxing，Yuanren，Huiyuan，Yuan－zhen and Zongrui.

Konghai was an important monk.Konghai，with the given Buddhist name Master Hongfa，was born at Sanudinokuni（Dagawa－ken County today）in Japan in 774 AD.In 804 AD，he came to China with the Japanese envoy Huziwara Kuzunomaro to study Buddhism.It was in the Qinglong Temple that he acknow－ledged Huiguo as a Mi Sect master. Master Huiguo poured holy water on the Japanese youth's head as a sign of acceptance，and gave him the Buddhist title Bianzhao Jingang（Budd－ha's full－time warrior attendant）.Konghai thus became the eighth master of the Mi Sect.Huiguo also had the newly translated Buddhist scriptures and pictures of the Mi Sect masters copied for Konghai.He also had special reli gious instruments of the Mi Sect made for him.He re turned to Japan in 806 AD when finished with his study and established the True Word Sect of Buddhism in Japan and finally became a great master in establishing Eastern Esotericism.While preaching Buddhist doctrines in Ja pan，he also introduced Chinese literature，calligra phy，astronomy and medicine to Japan，thereby making agreat contribution to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China，the state has paid a great attention to the preservation and protection of cultural re－lics.In 1956，the People's Commission of Shaanxi Province made the ruins of the Qinglong Temple an important cultural unit under the protection of the province and in 1982，the Xi'an Municipal Government set up an office for the protection of the temple ruins.At the same time the Archeological Research Institution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences made explorations and excavations on the site twice，and discovered seven locations of temple gates，pagoda，halls and corridors.The archeological findings from the exca vation include the building materials of some lotus flower－patterned eave－tiles，broken pieces of chi mera－bird“Chiwei”，tubular tiles，gilded Buddha figurines and some debris of tri－color Buddha images as well as Buddhist scripture columns of the Tang Dy nasty.The discovery of these objects has provided more evidences for a further study of the history of the temple.

A monument in memory of Konghai was set up in 1982 at the Qinglong Temple.The halls have also been restored so that tourists may come for a visit.

快乐旅途

去警察局怎么走？

How to Get to the Police Station？

一位游客把他的护照丢了，他想去趟警察局。他问道：“打扰一下，先生，请问到警察局怎么走？”那个人回答道：“这很容易。你到对门的商店拿两枚金戒指，不付钱就走，要不了一会儿，你就可以到警察局了。”

A tourist lost his passport，so he wanted to go to the police station.He said to a man，“Excuse me，sir.Could you tell me the way to the police station？”“Yes.That's easy.You go to the shop opposite and take two gold rings away without paying and in a minute you will be brought there，”the man answered.