4.8　宋元明清展室 The Exhibition Hall of the Dynasties of the Song，the Yuan，the Ming and the Qing

自从宋朝以后，陕西失去了京都地位，但西安仍是封建王朝控制西北、西南的军事重镇，成为西北政治、军事、经济与文化的中心。

这些是在陕西发现的元代文物。蒙古族统一中国建立元朝。蒙古人是游牧民族，善于骑马，所以遗物中马的形象较多，展柜中陈列的是元代骑兵俑。

服饰是社会物质生产和思想文化的综合反映，这里的自宋代至明代的陶俑各具时代特点，为我们研究当时的社会生活及风俗习惯提供了宝贵资料。

宋代到清代是中国瓷器的繁荣时期。除官窑外，各种风格的民窑也纷纷兴起，形成了八大窑系，其中陕西铜川耀州窑是北方民间青瓷的代表，宋代最为兴盛。展品中宋瓷使人耳目一新。这里陈列的有壶、罐、茶座、茶托、盒、碗等器物，釉彩以青为主，少量为绛红色。花纹装饰以莲花纹最多，还有缠枝牡丹、飞鹤、飞凤、鱼、鸭等。其工艺高超，造型古朴，使人流连忘返。

After the Song Dynasty，Shaanxi lost its position as the national capital，but it remained a place of strategic importance for the feudal dynasties to maintain control of the Northwest and Southwest of the country.Furthermore，it was still the military，political，economic，and cultural center in the Northwest.

These are the Yuan cultural artifacts unearthed in Shaanxi.The Mongolians unified China and made the Yuan cultural artifacts.The Mongolians，who were nomads，were good at riding horses.Therefore there are many vivid horse figurines.Displayed in the case are the pottery figurines of cavalrymen from the Yuan Dynasty.

Clothing is a comprehensive indicator of the level of material production and ideological and cul tural development during aparticular social period. The sets of porcelain figurines from the Song and the Ming Dynasties in this exhibition hall feature charac teristics of their own times.They provide us with valuable data for the study of social life and social customs during that time.

From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynas－ty，Chinese porcelain experienced a great development. Apart from the government－run porcelain kilns，privately－run kilns began to emerge to form a system of eight different porcelain kilns.The Yaozhou kilns at Tongchuan，Shaanxi Province are typical of the celadon vessels in the northern part of China.They became the most prosperous in the Song Dynasty. Among the exhibits the Song porcelain vessels offer visitors a new and fresh impression of Chinese porcelain.On display here are pots，jars，tea sets，boxes and bowls.Most of the glaze colors are blue；some are dark reddish brown.The dominant designs and patterns take the shape of lotus flowers.Also，peonies twining branches，flying cranes，flying phoenixes，fish and ducks，are also used.Their high technology and simple and unsophisticated style are attractive and enchanting.

快乐旅途

他也吃不下

He Can't Eat It Either

游客：我吃不下这种饭！把你们的经理喊来！

女服务员：没有用的，先生，他也吃不下。

Tourist：I can't eat this food！Call the manager！

Waitress：It's no use，sir.He can't eat it either！