Overall,the rate of professional certification is not very high among the employees of financial companies in Shanghai.90.47%of the employees of financial companies in Shanghai had not been certified when they were surveyed.Only 21,673 employees,less than 10%of the total,had been certified.

Of the certified employees,17,416(7.66%)have domestic certifications and CPA,actuaries and financial planners are the most popular and recognized technical and vocational certification programs in the financial service sector.Meanwhile,4,257 employees(1.87%)have international professional certifications,and the major certification programs include:IOA(UK),ChFP,CPA,AFP,CGA(Canada),FRM, CFP,Certified Internal Auditors(CIA),ACCA,CFA,SOA,and LOMA.(see Figure 18).

Figure 18　Professional certification of employees of financial companies in Shanghai