2011年7月22日 法国航空一架A340-313飞机空中进入复杂状态事件(对飞行数据的不恰当监控)
2011年7月22日,法国航空587航班,一架空客A300-605R,注册号F-GLZU,该航班计划从委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯西蒙•玻利瓦尔国际机场前往法国戴高乐机场。飞机在35000英尺巡航时进入复杂状态。法国BEA负责此次调查。
1事实情况
机组在23:48从加拉加斯西蒙•玻利瓦尔机场起飞前往巴黎戴高乐机场。机长为PF。
23:52,飞机爬升通过18000英尺,PF和PNF都将导航显示(ND)距离圈设置为320NM。
在0:28到0:47之间,PNF将他的ND距离圈从20到320NM改变了好几次,然后保持最后的调整。机组说他将雷达设置为最大增益,姿态在-0.5度至-1度,但是没有探测到任何降雨。飞机正在35000英尺稳定巡航,速度0.83马赫,天气晴朗。1号自动驾驶(AP)和自动油门(A/THR)接通。气象雷达方式设置为“WX”。
1:24(图1的点1),大约在N18W60后2NM位置,飞机进入了中度颠簸区。超速警告被触发并且主警告灯亮。机组表示他们看到这个警告很惊讶。此时马赫数接近0.87。

图1飞机垂直轨迹
1:27(图1中点2),PNF通过侧杆上的接管电门人工断开AP。PNF将侧杆拉向抬头方向至全行程的3/4卡位,并保持了6秒。同时还伴随有右倾然后左倾的输入。PNF说自己不记得做过这些输入。从一开始抬头输入直到图中的点9,高迎角保护被多次激活。
1:28,马赫数0.84,超速警报停止了2秒。然后它又出现了1秒,然后消失。飞机爬升率1950英尺每分钟。
1:30,主警告灯熄灭。机组选择了0.76马赫,3秒后又改为0.85。
1:31(图1中点3),PF使用减速板。马赫数为0.84并在2秒后开始减小。PF说,他之后打开灯光并注意到处于IMC条件且没有降水。他说自己转身将餐盘放到身后的椅子上然后拿出旅客广播话筒准备做旅客和客舱乘务广播。但是话筒从他手上滑下去了。PNF捡起话筒然后做了广播。
1:32,飞机高度超过35200英尺。机组表示他们没有听到高度警报。高度警报应该在高于所选高度200英尺时触发。俯仰姿态增加,在5秒内从3度增加到9度。
1:37(图1中点4),减速板开始自动收回。俯仰姿态在8至10度之间变化。
1:44(图1中点5),飞机在36000英尺。减速板收回。俯仰姿态在2秒内增加到12度。飞机继续爬升,速度增加。PF说他注意到速度比较低。不久后,1:47,机组选择速度0.93马赫。飞机仍然在爬升,爬升率最大5700英尺每分钟。但是机组没有意识到这么大的爬升率。N1为100%。
1:48,PF将ND范围设置为160NM。
1:53,PNF按压主警告灯。此时高度36900英尺。
1:01:08(图1中点6),当飞机爬升通过37950英尺时,PF断开A/THR并将推力手柄前推到TO/GA位置。
1:01:17(图1中点7),高度达到最大38150英尺,速度0.66马赫。
PF说他在38000英尺时表达了惊讶并询问PNF他们的指令高度是否为35000英尺。
1:01:42,当飞机下降通过37000英尺时,而选择高度是35000英尺,PF拔出高度选择旋钮,这使OENDES纵向方式接通。PF说他想指令AP重新下降至35000英尺,但是PFD上什么都没显示。指示空速为226节,或VLS小19节。两部飞行指引(FD)都消失了(图1中点8)。同时PNF正在使用HF1与纽约航路管制中心进行1分钟的通话,以通知他们飞机高度的突变和遇到的颠簸。
1:02:06(图1中点9),飞机下降通过36520英尺。PF开始意识到AP脱开并使用侧杆使飞机低头。俯仰姿态在2秒后开始减小。
35400英尺(图1中点10)时,PF重新接通1号AP,此时高度稳定在35000英尺(图1中点11),A/THR重新接通。
1:25:38,法航OCC发来一个ACARS信息,表明卫星云图上N18W60位置北侧10NM在1:00时没有任何异常,并且这点没有任何晴空颠簸预报。
飞机后续没有任何事件,飞机在8:33在巴黎戴高乐机场安全着陆。

飞机高度变化示意图
2吸取的教训及结论
2.1气象雷达的使用
气象雷达的使用需要飞行员掌握积雨云的结构、理解气象雷达的原理、积极监控和对图像的持续解读。特别的,对于倾斜角的适应性管理对于正确预估和评价积雨云的垂直发展至关重要。错误的倾斜角调整会导致积雨云虽然可以肉眼可见但是雷达显示上却显示不出来。
气象雷达的调整对于对流天气不能实现最佳探测。机组在很长时间里选择了320NM的范围,但是航空公司的FCOM手册建议160NM或80NM。这可能导致机组没能发现N18W060附近的对流云团。
应该说明一下,机组调节320NM距离圈的原因可能是要在ND上看下一个航路点。当此区域里的航路点都彼此很远时,这种操作有悖于气象雷达的最佳使用方法。
航空公司的A330/A340FCOM手册或者制造商的FCTM都没有显示在巡航时根据范围圈变化的所需使用的倾斜角度值。两个文档只说了调整倾斜角以使ND上部出现地面回波。但是空客公司“使用气象雷达”FOBN手册里提到了巡航时倾斜角度的使用。运营商FCOM手册里缺少此教程可能导致机组不恰当的使用气象雷达。
2.2声音警告
长航程航班的大部分时间在巡航,巡航需要进行飞机参数监控、导航管理和天气监控。此时如果出现意外的警告音,会导致短暂的压力和惊讶。
由意外事件(比如声音警告)引发的惊吓效应可能会使一些飞行员产生应激反应。有时候这种反应会触发本能反应和不恰当的反应。这些本能反应可能是错误的且在时间压力下很难纠正,而且会影响飞行员的决策能力。
通常在机组认为的飞机行为与真实的飞机行为之间有差别时(仪表失效,轨迹失控)或者在意外事件发生时,会产生惊讶效应。它的强度取决于事件的严重程度、频率和可预测性,以及机组曾经的经验。一些情况下,惊讶效应可能导致:
1.干扰记忆机能
2.减弱或丧失情景意识
3.忘记程序
4.失去反应或反应时间太久
最近的研究表示惊讶效应在模拟机训练中很少或基本没有提及过。
PNF可能由于失速警告和非预期的颠簸而受到惊吓。他短暂按压侧杆上的AP接管电门,然后进行长达6秒的抬头输入。这些可能就是本能反应而他并没有意识到。本应持续1.5秒的AP断开音响警告被超速音响警告屏蔽,因为超速警告优先级高。机组没有看到显示屏上的变化(琥珀色ECAM“APOFF”信息,FMA“AP1”显示消失)。在大约1分半钟时间里,机组并不知道AP断开了。这种情况主要是由于AP断开音响警告从未响起导致的。如果自动驾驶断开警告音在超速警告音停止后响起并且/或者如果机组必须进行相关操作来取消AP断开警告,那么机组可能会更轻松的意识到AP已经断开了。
主警告灯持续亮了6秒。在机组按压主警告灯电门前高度警告音大概持续了20秒。惊讶效应和记忆机能的改变可能导致机组忘记曾经听过“高度警告”。此时PFD上的高度显示框开始闪烁。
这架飞机的CVR可以记录2个小时的录音。由于时间发生在着陆前8小时,CVR已经没有保留此事件相关的录音了。意味着无法通过CVR核实音响警告的出现次序和屏蔽情况。
2.3飞行参数监控和CRM
制造商QRH中严重颠簸程序如下图:
法航QRH程序中在检查AP状态前需要执行两部操作:
1.打开系好安全带灯;
2.警告客舱乘务组;
3.如果飞机在RVSM空域,提醒ATC;
4.检查AP接通;
5.根据飞行高度和重量选择一个小于或等于推荐速度的速度;
6.断开A/THR并且根据飞行高度和重量调整N1到推荐值。
机组先转身将餐盘放下,然后拿起旅客广播话筒。结果导致两名飞行员在几秒内未能关注到PFD。PF后来将注意力转移到观察气象条件上,首先观察外面的降水,然后调整了ND距离圈。PNF的注意力集中在对客舱乘务的广播上。机组没能将注意力集中在监控爬升期间的重要参数上,比如俯仰角、高度和FMA方式。没有飞行员发现AP断开了。以下的目视显示都没被监控到:
1. 已经达到12度的抬头姿态;
2. 5700英尺/分钟的大垂直速度;
3. 高度穿过35200英尺时在PFD高度窗上闪烁的黄框;
4. FD杆的位置;
5. 直到38000英尺才注意到高度;
6. FMA上消失的“AP1”;
7. AP断开后持续9秒的ECAM“APOFF”琥珀色信息。
图:1:00:49时PFD的重构图

应该注意的是,由于缺乏对应的音响警报并且颠簸使阅读这些仪表显示尤其困难。
在飞机达到最大高度前PF将注意力回到飞行仪表上并保持了大约10秒。他之后强调飞机高度38000英尺。大约30秒后他意识到AP已经断开。
对于严重颠簸中发生的多起事件分析发现如果机组恰当的使用自动驾驶系统,就可以最小化不乐观的结果。制造商的建议包含保持AP接通并且避免下意识的人工断开自动驾驶。
F-GLZU记录的数据显示如果没有人工断开,自动驾驶会保持接通。应BEA要求进行的数字模拟显示如果自动驾驶接通,高度增加会被限制在200英尺内。
由于没有CVR录音,无法评估CRM以解释机组对于基本参数和飞行轨迹的监控缺失。
3结论
3.1发现
这起严重事件是由于对飞行参数的不恰当监控引起的,从而导致在高度上升中未能注意到AP的断开。
以下因素对此次事件有所贡献:
1. 由于AP断开音响警报与“OVERSPEED”警报同时产生,且超速警报优先级高,导致AP断开警报没有播放;
2. 爬升最初遇到的颠簸导致仪表阅读困难;
3. 运营人严重颠簸程序要求的颠簸期间检查AP是否接通,但是机组未检查AP状态;
4. 对于气象雷达的不恰当使用导致飞机不可能避让颠簸区。
4安全建议
4.1颠簸/超速过程中的参数监控训练
调查显示在颠簸和超速情况发生后,不恰当的参数监控导致机组不能发现重要信息,比如AP脱开和高度上升。这可能是由于惊吓导致的PNF对操作杆的反射动作和惊吓导致的机组情景意识下降或缺失。最近的研究表示针对惊吓效应的训练基本没有。
所以,BEA建议:
BEA在训练场景中引入惊吓效应以训练飞行员对此现象的反应并且能够在压力下工作。
4.2AP断开警告
如果通过按压侧杆上的断开按钮,A340自动驾驶脱开警告被设计为最长只能响1.5秒。如果此时有更高级别的警告触发,AP警告可能被取消甚至不发出声音。在A340认证过程中,这符合1995年当时实施的标准。
自从2007年12月21日起,CS25.1329(j)规定,AP脱开音响警报应该持续响直到机组人工切断。机组可以通过再次按压侧杆上的电门进行切断,或者重新接通AP或者其他可接受方式。另外,自从2011年7月4日开始,CS25.1322规定,如果触发警告的条件仍然存在,当较高级别的警告停止后,这个警告音还会重新响起。
调查表示AP脱开音响警告的缺失是此次严重事件的诱因。
因此,BEA建议:
EASA评估所有起飞重量大于5.7吨的飞机的自动驾驶断开音响警告是否需要满足CS-25中AMC25.1322和AMC25.1329(j)的要求。[安全建议FRAN-2012-022]
4.3训练气象雷达的使用
气象雷达的使用要求飞行员掌握积雨云的结构并理解雷达的操作原则。同时也需要积极的监视,尤其在夜晚和仪表气象条件或特定区域里,以及对影像频繁的解读。调查表明机组对于气象雷达的设置不是最优的,这是此次事件的诱因之一。
因此,BEA建议:
DGAC应确保运营人给机组提供训练和练习以提升他们对气象雷达的使用。[安全建议FRAN-2012-023]
DGAC要求运营人检查气象雷达的使用符合程序要求或最佳实践操作,比如在飞行分析中或LOSA中。[安全建议FRAN-2012-024]
4.4事件中CVR数据的缺失
飞机配备了能记录2小时的CVR。由于事件发生在戴高乐机场落地前8小时,CVR已经没有事件相关的舱音记录了。因此调查的重要元素无法经CVR核实。
一大部分事故原因的调查,包括严重事故,都被相关飞行阶段驾驶舱语音的缺失所限制。这主要是由于记录容量有限导致的,尤其在长航程航班上。另外,法规禁止无CVR飞行(除非设备故障),法规同时不鼓励由于调查对CVR的要求去处罚机组。
目前大部分CVR可以提供2小时的记录时长,一些旧型号可以提供0分钟。传统的30分钟CVR时长可能是由于磁带的技术限制导致的。目前最大2小时的容量可能是受闪存的限制。但是,目前这些系统的技术进步允许记录容量达到至少10小时。此容量的CVR已经在上市。
因此,BEA建议:
EASA和ICAO应该要求CVR的最短记录时长覆盖长航程航班的整个航程。[安全建议FRAN-2012-025]
附件1:FDR译码结果
附件2:相关参数图表
附件1:
Appendix2
FDRChronology
Thetablebelowpresentsthedatafromselectedparametersat0h09min14(startof
CVRrecording),thenat2h10(ashorttimebeforetheautopilotdisconnection)
| 0h09min14 | 2h10 |
Standardaltitude(ft) | 34,992 | 35,044 |
Computedairspeed(kt)/Mach | 275/0.80 | 282/0.82 |
Groundspeed(kt) | 481 | 468 |
Pitchattitude(°)[>0nose-up] | 2.8 | 1.8 |
Angleofattack1/2/3(°) | 2.5/2.8/2.8 | 2.1/3.2/3.2 |
Magneticheading(°)/Trueroute(°) | 47/24 | 35.5/15 |
Rollangle(°)[>0rightturn] | -0.4 | -1.8 |
TrueN1Engine1/engine2(%) | 98/98 | 100.4/99.8 |
Configuration | Clean | Clean |
Statictemperature(°C) | -43.5 | -38.8 |
Totalweight(tonnes)/Centreofgravity(%MAC) | 218/27.5 | 205/28.7 |
Trimtankfuelquantity(tonnes) | 5.0 | 4.9 |
Innerleft/righttankfuelquantity(tonnes) | 22.8/22.6 | 16.3/16.2 |
Outerleft/righttankfuelquantity(tonnes) | 2.7/2.8 | 2.8/2.8 |
THSPosition[>0nose-down](°) | -3.0 | -2.8 |
UTCTime | Altitude(ft)ISISAltitude(ft) | FDRParameters |
1h35min49 |
| Co-pilot’sNDscalechangesfrom320NMto160NM. |
1h50min35 |
| TheradardisplaymodechangesfromWXRONLYto WXR+TURB.TheCaptain’sNDscalechangesfrom160 NMto40NM. |
2h00min17 |
| Co-pilot’sNDscalechangesfrom160NMto80NM. |
2h06min54 |
| Note:nochangeinthenacelleanti-iceparameters. |
2h08min12 |
| ThelateralmodechangestoHDG. Themagneticheadingselecteddecreasesto34°. |
2h09min30→2h10 |
| Therollanglevariesbetween2.8°rightand4.6°left. |
2h09min53 |
| Co-pilot’sNDscalechangesfrom80NMto40NM. |
2h09min58 |
| Speedhandlingchangesfrommanagedtoselected.TheselectedMachis0.8. |
2h10 |
| Pitchattitudedecreasesfrom1.8°to0°in3seconds. In8seconds,theN1commandedandtheN1changefrom 100%to84%. |
2h10min03 |
| Thenacelleanti-iceswitchesfortheengineschangeto ON. Note:theparametersarerecordedevery4seconds.Theengine1nacelleanti-iceparameterisrecordedONat2h 10min05,butusuallythetwoselectionsaresimultaneous. |
2h10min05 | 35,024 | TheA/P2disconnects. Therollanglechangesfrom0to8.4°in2secondswhereasthesidestickisatneutral. Thepitchattitudeis0°. |
2h10min06 |
| Theflightcontrollawchangesfromnormaltoalternate. |
2h10min07 →2h10min18 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -nose-upbetweenneutraland¾tothestopposition -totheleftinhalf-travelpositionthentotherightinhalf-travelpositionandtwice,alternativelylefttothestoppositionthenrighttothehalf-travelposition(Periodof4seconds). •Thepitchattitudeincreasesto11°. •Theverticalaccelerationvariesbetween0.9gand1.6g. •Therollanglefluctuatesbetween11°rightand6°left. •Theverticalspeedincreasesto5200ft/min. |
2h10min08 |
| TheFD1and2becomeunavailable. TheA/THRdisengagesandtheTHRLKmodeisactivated.TheN1areat83%. TheCASchangesfrom274ktto156kt.TheCASISISchangesfrom275ktto139ktthengoesbackupto223kt.TheMachchangesfrom0.80to0.26. |
2h10min09 | 34,664 34,900 | TheCASis52kt. TheCASISISstabilisesat270ktfor4seconds. |
2h10min10 |
| Thestallwarningistriggered. Theanglesofattack1,2,and3valuesarerespectively 2.1°,4.9°and5.3°. |
2h10min11 | minimum(local) of34,636ft |
|
2h10min12 |
| TheCASISISchangesfrom270ktto73ktin4secondswhiletheCASis55kt. |
2h10min13 |
| The‘MasterWarning’isactivated. Theangleofattack1,2,and3valuesarerespectively 2.1°,4.6°and4.9°. TheTCASTAONLYparameterchangestoTAONLY(for 10seconds). |
2h10min17 | 34,976 | TheFD1and2becomeavailableagain;theactivemodes areHDG/ALTCRZ*. Theselectedheadingis37°. TheCASis80ktandtheCASISISis92kt. |
2h10min18 |
| The‘TLU1availability’and‘TLU2availability’parameters becomeNOTAVAILABLE. |
2h10min18 →2h10min25 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -nose-upto¼tothestopposition -leftto¾tothestoppositionthenrighttothehalf-travelpositiontwice. •Thepitchattitudevariesfrom11°to13°. •TheTHSisstableataround-3°. •Therollanglevariesbetween8°rightand5°left. •Theverticalspeedincreasesto6,700ft/min. |
2h10min21 |
| TheFD1and2becomeunavailable.TheCASis93ktandtheCASISISis83kt. TheMachis0.29. |
2h10min23 |
| TheTHRLKmodeisde-activated,thethrustleversremain ontheCLBdetent. TheN1starttoincreaseandreacharound104%in 12seconds. |
2h10min25 | 35,856 | The‘winganti-ice’switchisON. |
2h10min26 |
| TheFD1and2becomeavailableagain(HDGandV/S modes). Theverticalspeedreachesthemaximumvalueof6,900ft/min. |
2h10min27 →2h10min31 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -nose-downtoaboutthehalf-travelposition -righttoonethirdtothestoppositionthenleftto4/5tpthestoppositionthenagainrightto4/5tothestopposition. •Thepitchattitudevariesfrom12°to10°. •Therollanglevariesbetween9°leftand1°right. •Theverticalspeeddecreasesto5,600ft/min. Theangleofattack1isstableat2.1°.Theangleofattack 2changesfrom3.9°to3.2°whiletheangleofattack3changesfrom4.2°to3.2°. |
2h10min34 |
| TheCASincreasesfrom105ktto223ktin2seconds. TheCASISISis115kt. |
2h10min36 | 37,124 | TheFD1and2areunavailable. |
2h10min39 →2h10min46 |
| The‘AIRDATA’selectorthenthe‘ATT/HDG’selectorarepositionedon“F/Oon3”. |
2h10min42 |
| TheFD1and2becometransientlyavailable(HDG/VS modes). Theselectedheadingis36°. Theverticalspeedis1,900ft/minandtheverticalspeedselectedis1,300ft/min. |
2h10min47 |
| TheFD1and2becomeavailableagain(modesHDG/VS). Theselectedheadingis34°. Theverticalspeedis1,500ft/min. Thethrustleversaremovedbackto33°(2/3oftheIDLE/CLBrange). TheN1decreaseto85%in4seconds. |
2h10min49 | 37,512 | TheCASis216ktandtheCASISISis121kt. TheMachis0.68. Thepitchattitudeis5.6°.TheTHSisat-3.1°. Theanglesofattack1,2and3valuesarerespectively 2.1°,4.6°and4.9°. Therollangleis0.4°left. Theverticalspeedis1,100ft/min. |
2h10min51 |
| Thestallwarningistriggered. Theangleofattack1is2.1°whiletheanglesofattack2and3are6.0°. TheMachis0.68. Theverticalspeedis750ft/min. |
2h10min51 →2h10min57 | Thealtitudechangesfrom 37,500ftto 37,596ft. | •Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -nose-uptotwo-thirdstothestopposition -slightlytotheleftthentotheright. •Thepitchattitudechangesfrom6°to13°. TheTHSvariesfrom-3.2°to -3.6°. •Theanglesofattack2and3changefrom6.0°to10.2°. Theangleofattack1changesfrom 2.1°to7.4°. •Therollanglevariesbetween2.8°totheleftand1.4°totheright. |
2h10min54 |
| ThethrustleversarepositionedontheCLBdetent. |
2h10min56 |
| ThethrustleversarepositionedontheTOGAdetent. TheN1increaseprogressivelyandreach103%at2h11min02. |
2h10min58 →2h11min22 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -betweenthehalf-travelpositionnose-downand¾tothestoppositionnose-upwithanose-uppositiononaverage -between4/5tothestoppositiontotheleftand4/5tothe stoppositiontotheright. •Thepitchattitudefluctuatesbetween17.9°and10.5°(Periodof5seconds). •TheTHSvariesfrom-3.8°to -8.3°. •Therollanglefluctuatesbetween8.8°totheleftand 4.9°totheright(Periodof5seconds). •Theangleofattack1increasesfrom7.4°to18.3°whiletheanglesofattack2and3increasefrom10.9°to 22.9°. •TheCASdecreasesfrom207ktto161ktandtheMachdecreasesfrom0.66to0.51. •Theverticalspeedchangesfrom+2272ft/minto -3904ft/min. •Thenormalloadfactordecreasesfrom1.13gto0.75g (at2h11min03)thengoesupandstabilisesat0.85g. |
2h11min07 |
| TheCASISISchangesfrom129ktto183kt.TheCASis at184kt. |
2h11min10 | maximum (global)of 37,924ft |
|
2h11min22 →2h11min35 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -mainlynose-upbetweentheneutralandthehalf-travelposition,withtwonose-downinputs(half-travelpositionforonesecond) at2h11min22andat2h11min30. -leftfromneutraltothestopposition. •Thepitchattitudeisstabilisedat16°thendecreasesto 13°. •TheTHSvariesfrom-8.3°to -11.5°. Therollanglevariesbetween0°and26°totheright. •Theanglesofattack2and3continuetoincreaseto 29.9°. •Theverticalspeedchangesfrom-3900ft/minto-6800ft/min. TheMachchangesfrom0.51to0.42. •TheCASchangesfrom161ktto133ktwhiletheCASISISchangesfrom164ktto128kt. |
2h11min35 →2h12min18 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickis: -positionednose-up,reachesthestoppositionafter 6secondsandremainsthereuntil2h12min15 -maintainedinstoppositiontotheleft. •TheTHSchangesfrom-11.5°to-13.5°. •Thepitchattitudereachesamaximumof14.8°at 2h11min45thendecreasestoreachaminimumof9° nose-downbeforeincreasingto0°. •Therollanglevariesbetween16°and40°totheright. |
2h11min38 |
| ThepilotintheCaptain’sseattakesoverthecontrols.The Captainsidestickispositionedlefttothestopposition. |
2h11min40 | 36,068 | TheFD1and2becomeunavailable. Theanglesofattack1and2becomeinvalid(NCDstatus) whiletheangleofattack3is33°. TheCASis106ktandtheCASISIS112kt. Thepilotintheco-pilotseattakesoverthecontrolsfor6seconds. Theco-pilotsidestickispositioned: -leftinstopposition -nose-uptotwothirdstothestopposition. |
2h11min43 |
| ThethrustleversaremovedfromTOGAtoMCT.TheN1arestableataround102%. |
2h11min45 | 35,372 | The3anglesofattackareinvalid(NCDstatus).Thelast validvalueofangleofattack3isreachedat2h11min44andis41.5°. Thestallwarningstops. Thepitchattitudeis15°. Therollangleis32°rightincreasing. TheverticalspeedisnolongercalculatedbytheIRbutbytheADR.Itisabout-10,000ft/min. |
2h11min47 |
| ThethrustleversaremovedtoIDLE.TheN1ofthetwo enginesdecreasetoaround58%in20seconds. Thenormalloadfactordecreasesthenstabilisesataround 0.75g. |
2h11min53 |
| Onlyangleofattack3istemporarilyvalidataround41°. Thestallwarningistriggered. Theverticalspeedreaches-14800ft/min. |
2h11min55 |
| Theanglesofattack1and2becometemporarilyvalid againwithvaluescloseto40°.Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h11min58 |
| Theverticalspeedisaround-15,300ft/min. |
2h12min04 →2h12min07 |
| Theairbrakesaredeployed. |
2h12min07 | 29,736 | Theangleofattack2istemporarilyvalidat41°. Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h12min10 |
| ThethrustleversarepositionedontheCLBdetent. TheN1changefrom58%to105%inabout10seconds.Theangleofattack3istemporarilyvalidat40.4°. Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h12min15 →2h12min19 |
| The‘AIRDATA’and‘ATT-HDG’selectorsarepositionedon“CAPTon3”. |
2h12min16 |
| Thepilotintheco-pilotseattakesoverthecontrols. |
2h12min19 |
| Theco-pilotsidestickispositionednose-downtoonethird ofthestopposition. Thepitchattitudechangesfrom3.2°to1.8°in4seconds. |
2h12min19 →2h12min45 |
| Theco-pilotsidestickispositionedalternativelyinstoppositionrightthenleftthreetimes.Theleftinputslaston average3secondswhiletherightinputslastonaverage1second. Therollanglefluctuatesbetween12°leftto17°right (periodof7seconds). |
2h12min20 →2h12min33 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionednose-upbetweenthehalf-travelandthestoppositionwithanose-downinputoflessthanonesecond. •Thepitchattitudestartstoincreaseandreaches7°. •TheTHSstabilisesat-13.6°. |
2h12min26 |
| Theangleofattack3istemporarilyvalidat43.6°. |
2h12min27 |
| Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h12min32 |
| Thepitchattitudeisabout5°nose-up. TheengineN1areabout106%. |
2h12min33 |
| Theco-pilotsidestickisatstoppositionnose-down(2 seconds). ThethrustleversarepositionedinTOGA.TheN1changefrom106to110%. |
2h12min34 |
| Theangleofattack3istemporarilyvalidat43.2°. Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h12min35 →2h12min42 |
| Theco-pilotsidestickispositionedbetweentheneutral andthehalf-travelpositionnose-down. Thepitchattitudechangesfrom8°nose-upto2°nose-down. |
2h12min39 |
| TheISISCASandtheCASstarttoincrease.(TheCAS isNCDandtheISISCASisat0). |
2h12min40 |
| Theangleofattack3istemporarilyvalidat38.7°. Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h12min41 →2h12min44 |
| The3anglesofattackarevalid(non-NCDstatus). |
2h12min42 | 20,412 | TheN1changefrom110%to105%in2secondsthen stabiliseagainat110%. |
2h12min43 →2h12min52 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionednose-upandnose-downbetweenneutralandathirdtothestopposition. •Thepitchattitudeincreasesto6°nose-upthendecreasesagainto7°nose-down. •TheCASreachesamaximumof153ktat2h12min 43thendecreasestobecomeNCDbeforeincreasingagainandreachingamaximumof127ktat2h12min 53. •TheISISCASreachesamaximumof159ktat 2h12min43thendecreasestofreezeat0beforeincreasingagainandreachingamaximumof134ktat 2h12min52. |
2h12min44 | 20,028 |
|
2h12min45 →2h13min04 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickistothelefttothestopposition. •Therollanglechangesfrom12°rightto41°rightin 3secondsthenfluctuatesbetweenabout20°and40° right(periodof10seconds). |
2h12min49 |
| Theangleofattack2istemporarilyvalidat40.8°. Thestallwarningistriggered. |
2h12min50 →2h13min36 |
| Theengine1N1isstableat110%. Theengine2N1fluctuatesbetween100and110%. |
2h12min51 →2h12min56 |
| The3anglesofattackbecomevalidagain(non-NCD). |
2h12min52 |
| TheFD1and2becomeavailableagain(HDGV/S modes). Theselectedverticalspeedis-6,000ft/min.Theselectedheadingis197°. |
2h12min52 →2h12min57 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionednose-upbetweentheneutralandthehalf-travelposition. •Thepitchattitudechangesfrom7.4°to6.0°nose-down. •TheCASchangesfrom127ktto56kt. •TheISISCASchangesfrom134ktto15kt. |
2h12min58 |
| TheFD1and2becomeunavailableagain. |
2h12min59 |
| TheCaptainsidestickispositioned: -leftat¾tothestopposition -nose-upat1/5tothestopposition. |
2h12min59 →2h13min40 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionednose-uponaverageatthehalf-travelposition.From2h13min36,theco-pilotsidestickispositionednose-upinstopposition. •Thepitchattitudechangesfrom6°nose-downto13°nose-upin11secondsthenstabilisesatabout11°nose-up. •TheCASbecomesinvalid(NCDstatus). •TheISISCASbecomesinvalid(FWstatus). •Theanglesofattackbecomeinvalid(NCDstatus). |
2h13min02 →2h13min46 |
| Therudder-barispositionedleftat¼traveltorightto¼ travelfor4seconds.Itisthenpositionedslightlyright (between1.4°and6.1°). |
2h13min04 →2h13min17 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionedtotherightstop,thentoleftstopfor4seconds.Itisthenpositionedtothe rightbetweenneutralandonethirdtothestopposition,thenlefttothestopfor3seconds. •Therollanglefluctuatesbetween15°rightand3°left (periodof7seconds). |
2h13min17 →2h13min40 |
| •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionedalternativelyleftat 3/4tothestoppositionthenrighttothehalf-travelpositionwithmostlyleftinputs. •TheCaptainsidestickispositioned: -leftat¾tothestoppositionthenrighthalfwaytothestopthenleftagainat¾tothestopposition -alternativelynose-upandnose-down(between4°nose- upand3°nose-down) -atneutralfrom2h13min24. •Therollanglefluctuatesbetween17°rightand10°left.(periodof7seconds) •TheDUALINPUTparameterisactivatedtwice. |
2h13min32 | 10,092 | The‘AIRDATA’selectorispositionedon“NORM”. |
2h13min35 →2h13min37 |
| TheFCPC1FAULTandFCSC1FAULTparameterschangeonFAULT. |
2h13min40 →2h14min07 |
| •TheCaptainsidestickinputsarenose-upbetweentheneutralandhalfwaypositionsandnose-downbetweentheneutralandstoppositions.Inputsaremostlynose-down(sidestickpositionednose-downfor15consecutiveseconds). •Theco-pilotsidestickisatthenose-upstoptheninneutraltwice. •Afterincreasingslightly,thepitchattitudechangesfrom 12°nose-upto4°nose-downthenincreasesandstabilisesataround15°nose-up. •From2h13min55to2h14min02,theangleofattack 2isnolongerNCD.Itdecreasesfrom39.4°to37.3°thenincreasesto42.5°.The‘Stallwarning’isactivatedagain.TheCASisnolongerNCD.Itchangesfrom53ktto89ktthendecreasesto30kt. •TheCaptainsidestickispositionedleftbetweentheneutralandstopposition.Thestoppositionisheldfor5consecutiveseconds. •Theco-pilotsidestickispositionedmainlyleftbetweentheneutraland¾tothestopposition. •Therollanglefluctuatesbetween23.2°rightand10.2° left. •TheDUALINPUTparameterisactivated5times. |
2h13min48 |
| ThethrustleversaremovedbacktotheCLBdetent. Theengine1N1changesfrom106%to100%. |
2h13min55 |
| Theangleofattack2istemporarilyvalidto39.4°. |
2h13min57 |
| TheFD1and2becometemporarilyavailableagain. Theselectedverticalspeedis1900ft/min.Theselectedheadingis280°. |
2h14min03 |
| The3anglesofattackareinvalid(NCDstatus). |
2h14min05 | 4,024 | Thepitchattitudeis14°. |
2h14min07 →2h14min26 |
| •TheCaptainsidestickispositionednose-upbetweentheneutralandstopposition. •Theco-pilotsidestickisatneutraluntil2h14min17,thennose-upinstopposition. •Thepitchattitudechangesfrom15°to18°nose-upthendecreasesto3.5°nose-downbeforeincreasingagainto 16°nose-up. •At2h14min19,theCASisnolongerNCD.Itchangesfrom30ktto60ktthendecreasesto32kt. •At2h14min21,theangleofattack2isnolongerNCDforonesecondandis41.1°.Thestallwarningistriggered. •TheCaptainsidestickispositionedalternativelytotherightthenleftwithmainlyrightinputs. •Theco-pilotsidestickisatneutraluntil2h14min18thenpositionedlefttothehalf-travelposition. •Therollanglefluctuatesbetween9°rightand18°left. |
2h14min09 |
| ThethrustleversarepositionedonIDLEfor2seconds, thenaremovedforwardto21°. TheengineN1changefrom100%to55%in8seconds. |
2h14min17 | RA=2,140ft |
|
2h14min18 →2h14min21 |
| Thethrustleversaremovedforwardintwostagesto TOGA. TheN1increaseto105%. |
2h14min21 →fin |
| Thepilotintheco-pilotseattakespriority. |
2h14min26 →end |
| TheCaptainsidestickispositionednose-downandright. Theco-pilotsidestickisinnose-uppositiontothestopandnearneutrallaterally. |
2h14min28,4 | Endofrecording |
LastFDRvaluesrecorded:
Standardaltitude(ft) | 204 |
Radioaltitude(ft) | 71 |
Computedairspeed(kt)/ISISspeed(kt) | NCD/FW |
Groundspeed(kt) | 107 |
Pitchattitude(°)[>0nose-up] | 16.2 |
Rollangle(°)[>0rightturn] | -5.3 |
Magneticheading(°) | 270 |
TrueN1engine1(%) | 98.6 |
TrueN1engine2(%) | 100.9 |
Configuration | Clean |
Nx(g) | -0.17 |
Ny(g) | -0.10 |
Nz(g) | 1.012 |
Verticalspeed(ft/min) | -10,912 |
Statictemperature(°C) | 24.3 |
Grossweight(tonnes)/Centreofgravity(%MAC) | 205/29.1 |
PositionTHS[>0nose-down](°) | -13.8 |
附件2:







