The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.（双方首先应通过友好协商解决因合同而引起的或与合同有关的争议。）
Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. （如协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有管辖权的法院解决。）
如果将“从5月1日起到10月1日止这一期间”的译成“during the period beginning on May 1 and ending on October 1”是不准确的。因为，这段期间应包括5月1日和10月1日这两天，所以，应在翻译中补入“both dates inclusive”，将其译为：“during the period beginning on May 1 and ending on October 1, both dates inclusive”，也可译为：“from May the 1st to October the 1st inclusive”。
3．数量的表达
有时候在合同中不能明确地规定具体的数量，如果简单的使用“about”去翻译的话，就容易产生问题，因为“about”的范围不好确定。在此类条款中，可以使用通用的“溢短装条款”，如：“Quantity: 3% more or less allowed”，即“溢短装3%”。
该条可译为：The obligation(s) under Articles 10 and 11 shall neither be affected by the rescission/cancellation of the contract nor by a premature termination of the same.
“Any increase and assignment of the registered capital of the Joint Venture Company shall be unanimously approved by the board of directors and be submitted to the original examination and approval authority for approval. The registration procedures for changes shall be dealt with at the original registration office”.
在这句翻译中，使用“shall”表示“应”，而不是使用“have to”；使用“be unanimously approved by”表示“一致通过”，而不是“be agreed by”；使用“ be submitted to ... for approval”去表示“报……批准”，而不是使用“be reported to ... for approval”。此外，译文使用“assignment”表示转让，而不是使用“delegation”，这是因为前者的对象一般是某种“权利”，而后者的对象一般是某种“义务”。
3．“本合同应受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。”
本句可以翻译为：This contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of PRC.
在这句翻译中，使用“construe”去表示“解释”，而没有使用“explain”。
4．“董事长得根据董事会三分之一董事的提议，召集临时董事会议。”
本句可以翻译为：The chairman may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by onethird of the total number of directors.
在本句翻译中，使用“convene an interim meeting”去表示“召集临时会议”，而没有使用“hold a temporary meeting”。
5．挖掘中如发现地下电线或管道时，乙方应停止挖掘并将情况通知甲方。
本句可以翻译为：During digging, if cables or pipelines are found, Party B shall stop working and notify Party A of the same.
在本句翻译中，使用“notify”去表示“通知”，而没有使用“inform”。
其他的例子还有很多，例如：
汉语
正式
更为正式
因为
because of
by virtue of
财务年度末
in the end of the fiscal year
at the close of the fiscal year
在……之前
before
prior to
关于
about
as regards，concerning
事实上
in fact
in effect
开始
start，begin
commencement
停止
stop
cease
主持（会议）
be in charge of
preside
召开
hold，call
convene
其他事项
other matters/events
miscellaneous
理解
understand
construe, comprehend
赔偿
compensation
indemnities
不动产转让
transfer of real estate
conveyance
停业
end/stop a business
wind up a business，cease a business
依照合同相关规定
according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract
pursuant to provisions contained herein，as stipulated herein
Section 1：Certain Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following respective meanings:（第一条：专门用语。本协议中的下列术语意思如下：）
1. Market shall mean North America and South America.（“市场”应当指北美和南美。）
2. Effective Date shall mean the date upon which this Agreement takes effect.（“生效日”应当指本协议生效的日期。）
3. Person shall mean any natural or legal person, including a corporation, partnership trust, limited liability company or limited liability partnership.（“人”应当指任何法人或者自然人，包括公司、合伙信托、有限责任公司或者有限责任合伙。）
4. “PRC” shall mean the People's Republic of China, for the purposes of this Agreement, excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of PRC, the Macau Special Administrative Region of PRC, and Taiwan.(本协议所称的“中国”是指中华人民共和国，但在本协议中仅指中国大陆，不包括中国香港特别行政区、中国澳门特别行政区与中国台湾地区。)
License Agreement（许可协议） Know-how Contract（专有技术合同） Purchase Contract（采购合同） Letter of Intent（意向书） Tenancy Agreement（租赁协议） Collaboration Agreement（协作/合作协议）(1)
前言
开场白：订立合同的当事方
This agreement/contract is made and entered into this _____ day of _____ (month), _____ (year) by and between Party A (hereinafter called “Party A”)and Party B（hereinafter called “Party B”）（用“by”来表示合同“由谁订定”，“between”来表示“谁与谁之间的订立”。如果当事人不止两个，也可以用“by and among”来代替。）
NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:（鉴于双方就本协议达成一致意见，特达成如下协议：）
正文
合同的主要条款
obligations of the parties（当事方的义务）；contract object（标的）；quantity（数量）；quality（质量）；price or remuneration（价款或者报酬）；time limit, place and method of performance（履行期限、地点和方式）；liability for breach of contract（违约责任）；methods to settle disputes（解决争议的方法）。
正文的最后一句
IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and year first above written.（当事人已在上述记载之日期签名盖章，特此证明。） IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written（作为协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签署本协议一式两份(3)）。
附录
补充说明
是对前述合同部分条款的必要补充。不是所有合同都有这一项。
证明部分
证人签名
1．当事人如果自然人，用“SIGNED by _____”；连接后填写见证姓名的表达部分“In the presence of _____”； 2．当事人是法人或非法人单位时，授权代表后接的是“SIGNED for and on behalf _____ of _____”，然后才是In the presence of _____。 与中文合同的显著不同是签章处除当事人外，多了一个In the presence of _____供证人签字之处。(4)
练习
1．根据课文回答问题。
（1）从表达准确的角度，合同英语具有哪些特点，请举例说明。
（2）从用语正式的角度，合同英语具有哪些特点，请举例说明。
（3）一份英文合同，一般包括哪些部分？
2．选词填空。
disputes damages arbitration federal resolved litigated
In the United States, in order to obtain (1) for breach of contract or to obtain specific performance or other equitable relief, the aggrieved injured party may file a civil (non-criminal) lawsuit in state court (unless there is diversity of citizenship giving rise to (2) jurisdiction). If the contract contains a valid arbitration clause, the aggrieved party must submit an (3) claim in accordance with the procedures set forth in the clause. Many contracts provide that all disputes arising thereunder will be resolved by arbitration, rather than (4) in courts. Customer claims against securities brokers and dealers are almost always (5) by arbitration because securities dealers are required, under the terms of their membership in selfregulatory organizations such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority(formerly the NASD) or NYSE to arbitrate (6) with their customers.
3．请为下列术语选择合适的英文释义。
A. license
B. assignment
C. tenancy
D. royalties
E. know-how
(1) it encompasses the transfer of rights held by one party to another party. The legal nature of it determines some additional rights and liabilities that accompany the act.
(2) The term is usage-based payments made by one party and another for ongoing use of an asset, sometimes an intellectual property(IP).
(3) It means possession or occupancy of lands, buildings, or other property by title, under a lease, or on payment of rent.
(4) It is practical knowledge of how to get something done and is often tacit knowledge, which means that it is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down.
(5) It may be granted by a party to another party as an element of an agreement between those parties.
4．请将下列汉语句子翻译成英文，注意其中专门术语的表达。
（1）货物售出之日后，运费的增加，将由买方负担。
（2）我们收到的货物是包装在木箱里，与包装指示不符。
（3）本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。
（4）本协定由双方代表于2010年6月2日在中国上海签字。
5．请将下列英文句子翻译成汉语，注意其中专门术语的表达。
（1）This contract is hereby made and concluded by and between A Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party A) and B Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on May 1st, 2011, in Beijing, China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.
（2）Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein, the parties hereto agree as follows:
（3）The present Agreement is written in Chinese and English languages, both texts being equally authentic.
（4）China and Japan have initialed an agreement on cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the official New China News Agency reported today.
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(1) 其他的标题还有：Concession Agreement（特许经营协议）；Consulting Agreement（咨询协议）；Cooperation Agreement（合作协议）；Cooperative Joint Venture Agreement（合作经营企业协议）；Endorsement Agreement（形象代言协议）；Exclusive Distributorship Agreement（独家经销协议）；Secrecy Agreement/Agreement of Confidentiality（保密协议）；Trademark License Agreement（商标特许/许可协议）；Memorandum of Understanding（谅解备忘录）。
(2) “鉴于条款”的例子：!!!Whereas the Licensor possesses knowhow for the designing, manufacturing, installing and marketing of the Time Machine;鉴于许可方拥有设计、生产、安装以及销售时间机器的专有技术；Whereas the Licensor has the right and desires to transfer the abovesigned knowhow to the Licensee;鉴于许可方有权且愿意将以上专有技术转让给被许可方；Whereas the Licensee desires to design, manufacture, sell and export the above mentioned Time Machine by using Licensor's knowhow.鉴于被许可方愿意使用许可方的专有技术进行设计、生产、销售以及出口上述时间机器。
(3) 一式几份的表达方式：
一式双份：in duplicate
一式三份：in triplicate
一式四份：in quadruplicate
一式五份：in quintuplicate
一式六份：in sixtuplicate
(4) 证明部分的另一种表达方式是：
As Witness our Hands this _____ day of _____.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above named _____