1.19 一般索引

一般索引

(条目后的数字为原文页码)

术语参考出处一般标明所在页码,但标有“第X章”的除外,这时要参阅整章内容。重要参考出处用黑体印刷,表示该页不止一个参考出处。

A

acceptability,level of 可接受程度 76ff

Alice(in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass)《爱丽丝》(《爱丽丝漫游奇境》和《镜中世界》)1f,18f,21

antecedent 前件 47,75,111

B

begging the question 回避问题实质 29

C

change 变化 63ff

Characterization Principle(CP)特性原则 27ff

conclusion,see premiss(es)结论,参见“前提”

conditional 条件句43,第7章,74ff,103,106,111,115

material c.推论条件句 48,112,115

conjunction 合取命题 9,11f,15,16,34f,73,77,81f,85,103,104,111,115

consequent 后件 47,75,111

conversational implicature 会话含义 50ff,106,111

D

decision theory 决策论 ch.13,108,111

description(definite)(限定)摹状词第4章,105,111,115

disjunction 析取命题 8,11,16,34f,74,77,81f,85,103,104,111,115

E

existence 存在 27ff

expectation 期望值 95ff,101,112,115

F

fatalism 宿命论 39,45f

Aristotle's argument for f.亚里士多德对宿命论的论证 39ff,106f

‘M aster Argument’for f.宿命论的“大师论证” 45f,106

future,see past 未来,参见“过去”

G

God 上帝:

Argument to(from)Design for

the existence of G.上帝存在的“设计论证” 86ff,92,109

Cosmological Argument for the existence of G.证明上帝存在的“宇宙哲学论” 21f,108

Ontological Argument for the existence of G.证明上帝存在的“本体论” 26ff,109

Pascal's Wager for the belief in the existence of G.信仰上帝存在的“帕斯卡赌注” 94ff,97ff

grammar 语法 6,20,56

I

identity 身份第9章,70,107,115

inference 推理 1ff,6,7f,13ff,17,75ff,78ff,83ff,86,102,104,106,107,112

interpretation 解释 104

is(of identity or predication)是(表示身份或述谓)64,107,112

L

Leibniz's Law 莱布尼茨定律 65ff,112

logic 逻辑学

ancient Greek l.古希腊逻辑学 102f,105,106,107

fuzzy l.模糊逻辑学第10章,112

Indian l.印度逻辑学 103

medieval l.中世纪逻辑学 43,103,104ff

M egarian l.迈加拉派逻辑学 103,106,107

modal l.模态逻辑学第6章,106,107

modern l.现代逻辑学104,105ff,112

Stoic l.斯多葛派逻辑学 103,104,106

traditional l.传统逻辑学 104,113

M

Möbius strip 麦比乌斯带 32f

model 模型 104

modus ponens假言推理 43,45,47,72,76,112

N

name 名称第3章,26,105,112

empty n.空名称 28ff

proper n.专有名称 26,113

necessity 必然性第6章,112

negation 否定 9,16,34f,73f,77,80f,85,103,104,112,115

nothing(ness)空 ch.4

O

object 对象,事物 19ff,26,28f,30,63ff

operator 算子:

modal o.模态算子第6章,56,59,106,112,115

tense o.时态算子第8章,67,113,115

P

paradox 悖论 103

liar p.骗子悖论第5章,105,112

Russel's p.罗素的悖论第5章,113

sorites paradoxes 连锁推理悖论第10章,107,113

past and future 过去和未来第8章,113

possibility 可能性第6章,112

possible worlds 可能世界 41ff,49f,112

predicate 谓语 17ff,24,112

premiss(es)and conclusion 前提和结论 3,4ff,13ff,35ff,75,78,83,113

Principle of Indifference 中立法则 92f,108,113

probability 概率第11章,ch.12,ch.13,108

conditional p.条件概率82ff,ch.12,96,111,115

frequency interpretation of p.概率的频率解释 108

inverse p.逆概率第12章,108,112

prior p.先验概率 93,113

property 属性 19ff,23,26,63ff

Q

quantifier量词第3章,26,105,113

particular(existential)q.特称(存在)量词 20,23,105,112,115

universal q.全称量词 20,23,105,113,115

R

reasoning 推理 1ff

practical r.实践推理 94

reference class基准组类 84,113

S

self-reference 自我指代第5章,105f,113

Sherlock Holmes夏洛克·福尔摩斯 4,78ff,83ff

Ship of Theseus 提修斯之舟 107

situation 情形 5f,12,16,19ff,23,28ff,34f,41ff,46,49,52ff,58f,62,73,75,77,104,113

structure 体系 104

subject 主语 17ff,24,113

syllogism 三段论 102,113

T

tense 时态 56

compound t.复合时态 56ff,60

time 时间 55ff,63,67,76

flow of t.时间的流逝 55,57f,61f

McTaggert's argument against the reality of t.麦克塔格特反对时间现实性的论证 55ff,60ff

truth 真值 5

t.conditions 真值条件 9ff,34,113

t.and context 真值与语境(上下文)75ff

degrees of t.真实程度 73ff,82

t.and falsity 真与假 9,31ff,105f

t.function 真值函数第2章,38,56,74,104,106,113

t.table 真值表 9ff,48,113

t.value 真值 9ff,34f,37,58,73f,77,113-14,115

see also situation 也见“情形”

V

vagueness 模糊性第10章,113

higher order v.高位数模糊(性)77

validity 有效性第1章,104,113

deductively v.演绎有效性 4ff,13,35,75,104,108,111

inductively v.归纳效度 4,52,第11章,91,104,108,112

vacuous v.空有效 14f

value(of a state of affairs)(事物某种状态下的)值 95ff,115