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A
acceptability,level of 可接受程度 76ff
Alice(in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass)《爱丽丝》(《爱丽丝漫游奇境》和《镜中世界》)1f,18f,21
antecedent 前件 47,75,111
B
begging the question 回避问题实质 29
C
change 变化 63ff
Characterization Principle(CP)特性原则 27ff
conclusion,see premiss(es)结论,参见“前提”
conditional 条件句43,第7章,74ff,103,106,111,115
material c.推论条件句 48,112,115
conjunction 合取命题 9,11f,15,16,34f,73,77,81f,85,103,104,111,115
consequent 后件 47,75,111
conversational implicature 会话含义 50ff,106,111
D
decision theory 决策论 ch.13,108,111
description(definite)(限定)摹状词第4章,105,111,115
disjunction 析取命题 8,11,16,34f,74,77,81f,85,103,104,111,115
E
existence 存在 27ff
expectation 期望值 95ff,101,112,115
F
fatalism 宿命论 39,45f
Aristotle's argument for f.亚里士多德对宿命论的论证 39ff,106f
‘M aster Argument’for f.宿命论的“大师论证” 45f,106
future,see past 未来,参见“过去”
G
God 上帝:
Argument to(from)Design for
the existence of G.上帝存在的“设计论证” 86ff,92,109
Cosmological Argument for the existence of G.证明上帝存在的“宇宙哲学论” 21f,108
Ontological Argument for the existence of G.证明上帝存在的“本体论” 26ff,109
Pascal's Wager for the belief in the existence of G.信仰上帝存在的“帕斯卡赌注” 94ff,97ff
grammar 语法 6,20,56
I
identity 身份第9章,70,107,115
inference 推理 1ff,6,7f,13ff,17,75ff,78ff,83ff,86,102,104,106,107,112
interpretation 解释 104
is(of identity or predication)是(表示身份或述谓)64,107,112
L
Leibniz's Law 莱布尼茨定律 65ff,112
logic 逻辑学
ancient Greek l.古希腊逻辑学 102f,105,106,107
fuzzy l.模糊逻辑学第10章,112
Indian l.印度逻辑学 103
medieval l.中世纪逻辑学 43,103,104ff
M egarian l.迈加拉派逻辑学 103,106,107
modal l.模态逻辑学第6章,106,107
modern l.现代逻辑学104,105ff,112
Stoic l.斯多葛派逻辑学 103,104,106
traditional l.传统逻辑学 104,113
M
Möbius strip 麦比乌斯带 32f
model 模型 104
modus ponens假言推理 43,45,47,72,76,112
N
name 名称第3章,26,105,112
empty n.空名称 28ff
proper n.专有名称 26,113
necessity 必然性第6章,112
negation 否定 9,16,34f,73f,77,80f,85,103,104,112,115
nothing(ness)空 ch.4
O
object 对象,事物 19ff,26,28f,30,63ff
operator 算子:
modal o.模态算子第6章,56,59,106,112,115
tense o.时态算子第8章,67,113,115
P
paradox 悖论 103
liar p.骗子悖论第5章,105,112
Russel's p.罗素的悖论第5章,113
sorites paradoxes 连锁推理悖论第10章,107,113
past and future 过去和未来第8章,113
possibility 可能性第6章,112
possible worlds 可能世界 41ff,49f,112
predicate 谓语 17ff,24,112
premiss(es)and conclusion 前提和结论 3,4ff,13ff,35ff,75,78,83,113
Principle of Indifference 中立法则 92f,108,113
probability 概率第11章,ch.12,ch.13,108
conditional p.条件概率82ff,ch.12,96,111,115
frequency interpretation of p.概率的频率解释 108
inverse p.逆概率第12章,108,112
prior p.先验概率 93,113
property 属性 19ff,23,26,63ff
Q
quantifier量词第3章,26,105,113
particular(existential)q.特称(存在)量词 20,23,105,112,115
universal q.全称量词 20,23,105,113,115
R
reasoning 推理 1ff
practical r.实践推理 94
reference class基准组类 84,113
S
self-reference 自我指代第5章,105f,113
Sherlock Holmes夏洛克·福尔摩斯 4,78ff,83ff
Ship of Theseus 提修斯之舟 107
situation 情形 5f,12,16,19ff,23,28ff,34f,41ff,46,49,52ff,58f,62,73,75,77,104,113
structure 体系 104
subject 主语 17ff,24,113
syllogism 三段论 102,113
T
tense 时态 56
compound t.复合时态 56ff,60
time 时间 55ff,63,67,76
flow of t.时间的流逝 55,57f,61f
McTaggert's argument against the reality of t.麦克塔格特反对时间现实性的论证 55ff,60ff
truth 真值 5
t.conditions 真值条件 9ff,34,113
t.and context 真值与语境(上下文)75ff
degrees of t.真实程度 73ff,82
t.and falsity 真与假 9,31ff,105f
t.function 真值函数第2章,38,56,74,104,106,113
t.table 真值表 9ff,48,113
t.value 真值 9ff,34f,37,58,73f,77,113-14,115
see also situation 也见“情形”
V
vagueness 模糊性第10章,113
higher order v.高位数模糊(性)77
validity 有效性第1章,104,113
deductively v.演绎有效性 4ff,13,35,75,104,108,111
inductively v.归纳效度 4,52,第11章,91,104,108,112
vacuous v.空有效 14f
value(of a state of affairs)(事物某种状态下的)值 95ff,115