SectionFour Consolidation Activities
1. Word Derivation
1) benefitv.→ beneficent a. → beneficial a. → beneficiary n.
e.g. 我感觉自己从她的智慧当中获益良多。
I feel that I have benefitedgreatly from her wisdom.
我庆幸自己有这样一位慷慨仁慈的阿姨。
I am lucky to have such a beneficent aunt.
去乡下待上一阵子对他的健康很有好处。
A stay in the country will be beneficialto his health.
她的丈夫是她的遗嘱的主要受益人。
Her husband was the chief beneficiary of her will.
2) desire v. → desirable a. → desirous a.
Ant.undesirable a.
e.g. 这家旅馆可以提供你想要的几乎一切服务。
The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.
减小学校的班级规模是一个大家都想实现的目标。
Reducing class sizes in schools is a desirableaim.
公爵十分盼望与您会面。
The duke is desirous of meeting you.
④临近工业区的房子不太受欢迎，所以通常都不好卖。
Houses near industrial sitesoften do not sell so quickly because they are regarded as undesirable.
3) horizon n. → horizontal a. → horizontally ad.
e.g.旅行能够拓宽你的视野。
Travelling certainly broadens your horizons.
请在这一页的最下方划一条水平线。
Draw a horizontal line acrossthe bottom of the page.
头部保持在一个水平面上，从一侧转向另一侧。
The head turns horizontally from side to side.
4) descend v. → descent n. → descending a. → descendant n.
e.g.这条小路沿着陡峭的山崖向下一直通向谷底。
The path descended steeply intothe valley.
飞机已经开始进行到达机场前的最后一段降落了。
The plane began to make its final descent into the airport.
请将这些数字进行降序排列。
Arrangethe numbers in descending order.
我们应该留给子孙后代一个洁净无污染的居住环境。
We shouldleave our descendants a clean worldto live in.
5) increase v. → increasinga. → increasingly ad.
e.g.项目自从开始以后，其成本已经大大增加。
The cost of the project has increaseddramatically since it began.
各方正在为了结束这次争端而付出更多的努力。
Increasing efforts are being made to end the dispute.
随着大学毕业生人数的逐年增多，大家想要找到合适的工作变得越来越难了。
In view of more and more college graduates leavingcampus every year, it is becoming increasingly difficult to findsuitable jobs for everyone.
6) philosophyn. → philosopher n. → philosophical a.
超前消费，活在当下，这是现如今许多年轻人的生活理念。
Live now, pay later — that’s many young people’sphilosophy of life today!
柏拉图是一位希腊哲学家。
Plato was a Greek philosopher.
对于丢掉了合同这件事，他表现得很释然。
He was philosophicalabout losing the contract.
7) duea. → duly a.
Ant. undue a. →unduly ad.
e.g. 他们的孩子预产期在一月份，这是他们的第一个孩子。
Their first baby is due inJanuary.
他知道自己错了，赶紧表示歉意。
He knew he had been wrong, and dulyapologized.
如此大的税收增幅会给当地的纳税人带来过多的负担。
Such a high increase will impose an undueburden on the local tax payer.
对于当前的形势没必要过度的悲观。
There's no need to be unduly pessimistic about the situation.
8) standarda. → standardize v. → standardization n.
e.g. 英国广播公司的多数播音员说的是“标准英语”。
Most announcers on the BBC speak standardEnglish.
我们旗下不同型号的汽车使用的均是标准化配件。
We use standardizedparts in any model of car we make.
定单标准化可以缩短交货时间。
Standardization of order forms reduces delivery time.
2. Phrase Practice
1) Whatare the qualifications ________ a website designer? required of
requiresth. of sb.: regard anaction, ability, or quality as due from (someone) by virtue of their position
e.g. 作为受托人，他必须要谨慎而且勤奋。
Care anddiligence were required of him as atrustee.
2) Wehave never ________ interfere in the internal affairs of your country. sought to
seek to: try to or attempt todo (sth.)
e.g.发电厂正在力图减少石油的用量。
Power stations are seeking to reduce their use of oil.
教师们一直致力于废除填鸭式教学。
Teachershave been seeking toreject the teaching method of spoon-feeding.
3) Havingdecided on the goals, the business executives ________ the particulars. descendedto
descendto: act ina shameful way that is far below one’s usual standards
e.g. 我真没想到她会堕落到去偷窃。
I never thought she would descend tostealing.
4) Youmust ________ the fact that they are only children when you consider the case.put first
put sth. first: regard something as more importantthan any other things
e.g. 职业女性往往会将工作放在首位。
Career women tend to put their work first.
5) It wasconsidered inappropriate for a former Prime Minister to ________ commerce.engage in
engage in: take part in sth.
e.g.两国政府同意进行全面的对话来解决该问题。
The two governments have agreed to engagein a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
这个城市中的一部分警察正在参与犯罪。
Somepolicemen in the city are engaged incrime.
6) Thesense of humour is mysteriously ________ national characteristics. A Frenchman,for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. bound up with
boundup with: closely connected or involved
e.g. 鲸鱼的生存与海洋水质密切相关。
The survival of whales is intimately boundup with the health of theocean.
3.Synonym / Antonym
1. Mostpeople would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previousages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.
Antonyms: following,subsequent, succeeding
2. Butagreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means ofpromoting it.
Synonyms: enhance, advance
3. To takean even more spectacular example, which is in everybody's mind atthe present time …
Synonyms: impressive,sensational
4. Theremust be, also, a certain awareness of the ends of human life.
Antonyms: unawareness, ignorance,unconsciousness
5. But thechief lesson of history which he sought to inculcate was thatfrom the year 400AD down to his own time
Synonyms: instill,indoctrinate
6. It isneeded in the choice of ends to be pursued and in emancipationfrom personal prejudice.
Antonyms: confinement,restriction, restraint
7. He willno doubt give you an appalling list of Mr B's vices, partly true,partly false.
Antonym:virtue
8. No onecan view the world with complete impartiality; and if anyonecould, he would hardly be able to remain alive.
Synonyms: fairness,indifference, neutrality
