Grammar
AdverbialClauses of Cause and Effect
This typeof clause explains the reasons for what happens in the main clauses.
Conjunctions,like because, as, since, now (that),are often used in the adverbial clauses of cause.
★ Because is used when the reason is themost import part of the sentence. Therefore, the because-clause usually comes at the end.
★ As and sinceare used when the reason is already well-known, or is less important than therest of the sentence. They can also mean “in view of the fact that”. As- and Since- clauses often begin the sentence.
★ Now that has a meaning very close to as and since.
We use so … that to say that a result happensbecause something has a quality to a particular extent. so is used before adverbs or adjectives.
Practice
Choosethe best answer:
Because he was tired, he scored poorly on the exam, ___ into the university.
a. this will cause him to not be admitted
b. this is a fact which will cause him to not be admitted
c. which will cause him to not be admitted
d. which will cause him to not admit
___ the TOEFL with a score of 550, he will be admitted into the university.
a. Now that he passes
b. That he has passed
c. Now, he has passed
d. Now that he has passed
Since July 4th is a holiday, ___ have to go to work.
a. so we do not
b. we do not
c. as a result, we do not
d. thus, we do not
You yourself had to go back to Saudi Arabia ___ to take care of some business in his own company.
a. and he needed
b. because he needed
c. which he needed
d. because he need
___ have to work today, we should go to Laguna Beach.
a. For we do not
b. We do not
c. Since we do not
d. Since we do no
Fabiana will not go to work today ___ a bit ill.
a. , she is
b. because she
c. because she is
d. which is she is
___, the temperature should begin dropping.
a. Now that the sun setting
b. Now that the sun set
c. The sun setting
d. Now that the sun has set
___ is important since most professional jobs require writing skills.
a. Learn how to write
b. Learning how write
c. Learning how to write
d. Learning how to write it is
___, the research paper is beneficial to students since it requires them to critically think, read, and write about a specific body of knowledge in which they have an interest.
a. A requirement at most universities
b. It is a requirement at most universities
c. A requirement at most universities it is
d. Requirement at most universities
Tense
Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time andindicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it isusually indicated by a verb or modal verb, often combined with categories suchas aspect, mood, and voice.
Tense places temporal references along aconceptual timeline. This differs from “aspect”, which encodes how a situationor action occurs in time rather than “when”. Typical tenses are present, past,and future.
Practice
Complete the following letter with theappropriate forms of the verbs given.
DearPeter,
Do you by any chance know where Bob is? I________ (like) to find out because I just _________ (hear) of a job thatexactly ________ (suit) him, but if he _________ (not apply) fairly soon, ofcourse he _________ (not get) it.
Ilast _________ (see) him about a month ago, when he just ________ (leave) hisjob with the film company. He _________ (say) he ________ (go) to France for aholiday and _________ (promise) to send me a postcard with his French addressas soon as he ________ (find) a place to stay. But I ________ (hear) nothingsince then and __________ (not know) even whether he _________ (go) to
If you __________ (know) his address, I________ (be) very grateful if you ________ (phone) me. I ________ (try) tophone you several times but your phone _________ (not seem) to be working.
Yours,
Jack
