化学化工专业英语

殷娜

目录

  • 1 Introduction
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Application
  • 2 Chapter 1
    • 2.1 The nature of chemistry
    • 2.2 Team work
  • 3 Chapter 2
    • 3.1 Chemistry as a Quantitative   Science
    • 3.2 Describe a chemical change
  • 4 Chapter 3
    • 4.1 Atoms, Molecules and Ions
    • 4.2 Team Work
  • 5 Chapter 4
    • 5.1 The Gaseous State
    • 5.2 Team work
  • 6 Chapter 5
    • 6.1 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
    • 6.2 ​Advanced Assignment
  • 7 Chapter 6
    • 7.1 Thermochemistry
    • 7.2 Challenging Assignment
  • 8 Chapter 7
    • 8.1 Nomenclature for Organic Compounds and Groups
    • 8.2 In-Class Design
  • 9 Chapter 8
    • 9.1 Literature studying
    • 9.2 Team Work
  • 10 Chapter 9
    • 10.1 Abstract
    • 10.2 Reading, writing, and translating abstracts
Abstract

Abstract


How to write an abstract?


1 Identify your purpose. You're writing about a correlation between lack of lunches in schools and poor grades. So what? Why does this matter? The reader wants to know why your research is important, and what the purpose of it is. Start off your descriptive abstract by considering the following questions:

  • Why did you decide to do this study or project?

  • How did you conduct your research?

  • What did you find?

  • Why is this research and your findings important?

  • Why should someone read your entire essay?

2 Explain the problem at hand. Abstracts state the “problem” behind your work. Think of this as the specific issue that your research or project addresses. You can sometimes combine the problem with your motivation, but it is best to be clear and separate the two.

  • What problem is your research trying to better understand or solve?

  • What is the scope of your study - a general problem, or something specific?

  • What is your main claim or argument?

3 Explain your methods. Motivation - check. Problem - check. Methods? Now is the part where you give an overview of how you accomplished your study. If you did your own work, include a description of it here. If you reviewed the work of others, it can be briefly explained.

  • Discuss your own research including the variables and your approach.

  • Describe the evidence you have to support your claim

  • Give an overview of your most important sources.

4 Describe your results (informative abstract only). This is where you begin to differentiate your abstract between a descriptive and an informative abstract. In an informative abstract, you will be asked to provide the results of your study. What is it that you found?

  • What answer did you reach from your research or study?

  • Was your hypothesis or argument supported?

  • What are the general findings?

5 Give your conclusion. This should finish up your summary and give closure to your abstract. In it, address the meaning of your findings as well as the importance of your overall paper. This format of having a conclusion can be used in both descriptive and informative abstracts, but you will only address the following questions in an informative abstract.

  • What are the implications of your work?

  • Are your results general or very specific?