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1 相关知识点
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2 名词讲解视频
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3 名词思维导图
名词的基本概念

1.专有名词和普通名词
名词可分为两大类:
●专有名词(Proper Nouns)
●普通名词(Common Nouns)
●专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称,如:
1)人名:Diana,Mrs Green,President Clinton,Einstein,Gorky;
2)地名:Beijing,West Lake,the Yellow River,Bond Street,Broadway;
3)某类人的名称:Americans,Russians,Democrats,Jews;
4)某些抽象事物的名称:English,Buddhism,Christianity,NATO;
5)月份、周日名及节日名称:May,Saturday,Easter,New Year's Day;
6)书名、电影及诗歌的名称:A Tale of Two Cities,Gone with the Wind,Ode to the West Wind(西风颂),(la)Marseillaise(马赛曲);
7)对家人等的称呼:Mum,Dad,Auntie,Uncle Tom。
专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
●专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词,普通名词又可分为四类:
●个体名词(Individual Nouns)
●集体名词(Collective Nouns)
●物质名词(Mass Nouns或Material Nouns)
●抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)
其中个体名词和集体名词可以用数来计算,称为可数名词(CountableNouns),而物质名词和抽象名词一般都不能用数来计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。因此名词的类别可以下表表示:

*个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或者物。可以是具体的人或者物:
He has two aunts.
There are hundreds of high-rise apartments in the city.
Pandas are found in Sichuan.
也可指抽象东西,如:
We've lived here for twenty years.
A new century has just begun.
*集体名词
集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面是一些常见的集体名词:

*物质名词
物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,下面是一些常见的物质名词:

*抽象名词
抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念,一般不可数,因此没有复数形式,前面也一般不加不定冠词a(n)。
在多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词:
Safety first!
He's learning French for fun.
*可数名词与不可数名词
注意:下面这些都是不可数名词,在使用时要小心:
furniture: We haven't got much furniture.
equipment: His firm supplies kitchen equipment.
clothing: There is nothing but clothing in the cupboard.
news: No news is good news.
information: His task was to collect information.
machinery: How much machinery has been installed?
如果要表示“一件”这类概念,前面得加“a__of”这类定语:
a piece of furniture一件家具
a piece of equipment一件设备
an article of clothing一件衣裳
a piece of information一则信息
an item of news一条新闻
这类定语是非常有用的,在许多不可数名词前都可以用它:
a cake of soap一块肥皂
a loaf of bread一只面包
a can of beer一罐啤酒
a sheet of paper一张纸
a lump of sugar一块方糖
a tube of toothpaste一管牙膏
a slice of cake一块蛋糕
a length of cloth一段布料
a jar of jam一罐果酱
a bottle of brandy一瓶白兰地


