如何做好个人演讲

• Step 1: Chose the topic to be presented. 选题 （如果给定题目，则略过）

• Step 2: Define the objective of this topic. 确定目标/目的

• Step 3: Think about whether the objective you defined of the topic will get your audience's attention? Why should they listen to you? And then make the final decision on the objective. 分析这个目标是否时观众感兴趣的，对他们有何意义？

• Step 4: Think about the logical structure of your presentation. ( topic - content/outline - the main body-conclusion) 演讲的框架结构：标题 - 结构框架  -演讲主体内容 - 结论）

• Step 5: According to the proposed framework and with reference to some background information provided by the teacher, further consult relevant materials to enrich the content of each part of your structure, so as to make your presentation to be informative and valuable. Meanwhile, do not copy information; instead, analyze information based on your own understanding and express your own views. 根据拟定的框架，参考老师所给部分背景信息，进一步查阅相关资料，充实自己的演讲内容，使其能给听众提供有价值的信息，增长其知识，而非仅仅讲一些大家已知的内容，无意义。同时，不要搬运信息，要根据自己的理解分析信息，表达自己的观点。

• Step 6: Write the content of your presentation. Make your key point clear, with some details, but don't make the whole presentation too long. (3-5minutes) 写稿。演讲内容要精炼、重点突出，有相关细节支撑观点，但不能冗长。

• Step 6: Make a PPT to help you better convey what you are going to tell your audience. (Please refer to some good examples of PPT.) 制作PPT。PPT只是辅助材料，能够更好的让观众跟上演讲者的思路和内容，使演讲更有效率，观众重点在听你说，并不是看你的PPT。 

• Step 7: Practice your presentation in front of a mirror before class several times, trying to perfect the quality of your language with the help of some reference materials or friends, and try to memorize most of the content of your presentation as much as possible. 演讲前对着镜子反复练习。一是尽可能的使其演讲稿语言质量，可以借助参考文献或者其他同学帮忙修改。二是让自己非常熟悉演讲内容，尽可能脱稿演讲，而不是全程念稿。(全程念稿得0分）

I. Opening Remarks开场：

Sample Opening Remarks

1) Ladies and gentleman. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.

2) Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about…

3) Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question .............................?

II. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入话题 

Background Information

 I would like to start by briefly reviewing (the history of open heart surgery).

 Let us start with the theoretical basis of (this new technique).

 To begin with, we have to consider ( the principle).

 I think it would be best to start out by (looking at a few slides).

 May I begin with a general outline of this project?

 The first thing I would like to talk about is (the definition of the terms).

 The first point I'd like to make is (the historical background of the invention).

 First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.

Topic

 I would like to concentrate on theproblem Of antibiotic abuse in hospitals.

I shall devote my talk to the surgical treatment of coronary disease.

I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering.

Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine.

My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova.

In today's talk, I' 11 restrict myself to the etiology of 15-epa~i;s.

In my presentation this morning, I' 11 limit myself to three major points only.

I take the liberty of restricting my discussion mainly to highway bridge construction.

Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem.

Among the many languages, I shall mention only BASIC.

What I am going to present today is the methodology and the data analysis.

I'm not going to say much about that except to discuss the literature on that topic.

Outlining

My talk today consists of two parts. One is... and the other is...

I've divided my presentation into four parts.

I shall first talk about ... and then touch on... and finally discuss ...

The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ... (Pointing to the PowerPoint display)

I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...

My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals with ... The second part relates to... The third part concerns ... And the last part discusses…Purpose/Objective

The purpose of this presentation is to...

This talk is designed to…

III. Shifting to the Next Main Point

Well, let's move on to the next point.

We will now come to the second problem.

Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.

As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.

So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.

Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my  presentation.

That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.

Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.

The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.

That brings me to my second point.

I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.

IV. Introducing the Supporting Materials

I think this part is the most difficult, so I'll explain it in greater detail.

I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it.

Please allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.

Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides.

I' 11 expand this topic with drawings and figures.

Indicating the Points Briefly

Limited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.

I don't think that I should describe the methods in detail, because they are included in the handout.

I will not go into detail on it.

This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.

Let's go through the following points very rapidly.

I just want to outline for you what I experienced in using this new drug.

I shall not go over all these explanations. My time is running short. So I'’11 be brief.

It is sufficient to say that these experiments were poorly designed and without controls.

V. Explaining the Contents on the Slides

This slide demonstrates ...

On this slide, you can see...

This curve in this slide shows...

This figure in this slide exhibits...

This table on this slide presents...

This diagram on this slide depicts...

This chart on this slide displaces ...

The picture on this slide shows ...

The photomicrograph on this slide shows ...

The flow-chart on this slide points out...

The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~

Indicating the Sources of the Content in a

This figure is taken from.., by Dr. Li.

This diagram is after that of Prof. Wang with some modification

VI.Ending the speech 

 Signaling the Beginning of the End Part

Let’s look at what I have talked about. 

Well, that brings me to the end of my presentation. This last slide is a brief summary of what I have talked about.   

Before I stop/finish, let me just say...

To close my speech, I' 11 show you the last slide.

Now I'd like to summarize my talk.

To summarize, I have talked about three aspects of the cancer problem: ...

Finally, as a summary statement, I would like to sum up the major points I have made.

Summarizing

Let me just run over the key points again.

I'll briefly summarize the main issues.

In conclusion,…

In closing,…

In a word,…

To sum up ...

In brief,…

Briefly....... 

All in all,…

Finally,…

Concluding

As you can see, there are some very good reasons ...

To sum up, my conclusion is that the present program is the best one.

In conclusion ...

Let me conclude my talk with the following comments.

Allow me to conclude by listing out all the factors influencing the efficacy.

In conclusion, I would like to point out the following aspects.

I'd like to leave you with the following conclusion.

Quoting

Let me close by quoting Dr. Einstein, the famous physicist, who said that…     

I would like to come to a close by quoting what Sir Newton once said...

Therefore, I would suggest that we...

I'd like to suggest...

As far as I'm concerned, the only solution to the problem is...

Closing

That's all, thank You.

That's the end of my presentation.

So much for my speech, thank you.

Thank you for your attention.

Thank you for your listening.

Other Expressions that May Be Useful in the End Part of the Speech

Sorry, I see the red light is shining so I have to skip the last part and jump to the conclusion.

Mr. Chairman is signaling me, I have to stop here and leave out the remaining part to spare time.

教师评价量表（50%）：

学生互评评价量表（40%）

学生自评评价量表（10%）

自我评价详细测试问题（仅供参考）：

(1)我在整个演讲过程中眼睛同听众保持接触

(2)我的身体姿态很自然，没有因为紧张而做作

(3)我能运用基本的手势来强调我的要点

(4)我运用停顿、重复和总结来强调我的观点

(5)我每次演说前都会确定具体的目标

(6)我会对听众的需求、忧虑、态度和立场进行分析

(7)在组织思路时我会先写下几个主要的论点

(8)我会特意准备一个颇具吸引力的开场白

(9)我演讲的结尾会呼应开头，且必要时能要求听众采取行动

(10)我制作的投影片简明扼要，有助于达到演讲目标

(11)我的论点、论据之间有内在的逻辑联系，有助于支持我的主张

(12)我会把紧张、焦虑转换为热情和动力

(13)我会清楚地叙述我的观点对听众的好处与利益

(14)我会热切、强烈地讲述我的观点

(15)我会事先演练，以免过分地依赖讲稿，而集中注意听众的反应

(16)我的演讲稿只写关键词，以免照本宣科

(17)我会预测听众可能会提的问题，并且准备相应的回答

(18)我的声音清楚，语速适中，富有感染力

(19)我会有意识地运用语音、声调和语速来表示强调

(20)演讲前我会检查场地及相应的设施

(21)整个演讲过程我会充满自信

(22)演讲前我会检查我的衣着打扮是否得体

1. Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation 每分钟可用2个幻灯片页，不可太多，控制好幻灯片播放速度。

2. Write in point form, not complete sentences.每个幻灯片页上写关键词或者短语，不可写完整句子，更不能把成段文字直接列在幻灯片上。

3. Include 4-5 points per slide 每个幻灯片页上可列4-5个点，不可太多，否则看着很混乱。

4. Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only 不要把讲稿内容全部展示在幻灯片上，只可列出几个关键词或者短语。主要靠演讲者解释说明，而非让观众看内容。

5. Do not use distracting or too much animation 不要用太夸张或者太多的动画效果，影响观众的注意力。

6. Use different size fonts for the title of the slide, the main points and the secondary points

       1）the title font is 36-point 幻灯片页的标题

       2）the main point should be 28-point,   一级关键词

                   - the secondary point font is 24-point 二级关键词，即一级内容展开的下一级关键词。

7. Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial  字体

8. Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the background 幻灯片上的字体颜色要与幻灯片背景色有反差，即能让观众看清楚你的文字，不要选择同色系的。否则很难看清文字。比如说白底黑字或者蓝字

9. Use colour to emphasize a key word occasionally 偶尔可以用红色或者其他突出的颜色来强调幻灯片中的某个重要的词或者短语

10. Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from 避免选择花哨或者五颜六色的幻灯片背景，容易导致观众看不清上面的文字

11. Always be consistent with the background that you use 保证PPT中的背景统一，不宜对每一页幻灯片使用不同的背景颜色。

12. Proof your slides for:   speling mistakes  & the use of repeated words & grammatical errors you might have. 校对你的幻灯片：拼写错误、重复用词以及可能存在的语法错误。 

13. Please have someone else check your presentation! 请让其他人检查一下你的报告! 给你提出修改建议！

14. Pictures or videos can be used in the PPT. However, it is necessary to explain these materials during the process of showing the pictures or after playing the videos, so as to make these resources interactive with the audience. The purpose of using them is to help the audience better understand your views or arouse their thinking, rather than just for viewing.  PPT中可以使用图片或者视频，但是必须在展示图片过程中或者播放视频后对这些资料进行解释说明，要让这些资源与观众有互动。使用他们的作用是帮助观众更好的理解你的观点，或者引发观众的思考，而非仅仅观看。

以下是几个优秀的PPT幻灯片设计，供大家参考：

During the presentation:

1. Articulate clearly and project your voice 表达清晰，声音洪亮

2. Keep eye contact with the audience 与观众保持眼神交流

3. Interactive 要有互动性

4. Don’t just read from the slides or overheads or your script 不要只是照着幻灯片、投影仪（演示文稿）或者讲稿读

5. You can use notes with headings and key points to be covered to remind you what you are going to say next.  你可以使用带有标题和要点的笔记来提醒自己接下来要说什么

6. Notes can be on paper or cards. 笔记可以写在纸上或者卡片上

7. Don’t rush (remember to pause) 不要着急（记得停顿）

8. Make your speech brief and clear 演讲要简洁明了

9. Watch your time  注意时间

10. Be polite with the questions raised 礼貌对待提出的问题

11. Remain relaxed during the process在演讲过程中保持放松

Presentation Skills: Structure and Key Language

Structure: The general structure of a presentation has an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. Unlike an essay or a lecture, it has a final section at the end, the Q&A, when you will answer questions from the audience or teacher. Each area is discussed in more detail below.

1. Introduction:

(1) Greetings: greet the audience and introduce yourself and the topic. Try to arouse interest.

(2) Purpose: State the purpose of the presentation.

(3) Structure: outline the structure of the presentation - tell them what you are going to talk about.

(4) Timing: say how long the presentation will last.

(5) About Q&A: say when you will be answering questions.

2. Main body:

Ø Present important data/material -  but be selective.

Ø Use signpost phrases to help the audience follow your ideas in PPT.

Ø Draw the audience’s attention to important points.

Ø Plan visual aids (PPT) to reinforce the verbal message.

3. Conclusion

(1) Review the purpose of your presentation.

(2) Give a brief summary of the main points of the main body.

(3) Give a final “take-away” message -- what one thing do you want the audience to remember?

4. Closing

Ø That's the end of my presentation. Thank you for your attention.

Ø That's the end of my presentation. Thank you for your listening.

5. Q&A

Ø Invite and answer questions at the end of your presentation.

Useful language to help structure your presentation:

Introduction: The introduction is a crucial part of any presentation. You need to achieve all of the functions listed above. Below is a list of useful phrases for presentation introductions.

Remember it is vital that your presentation has a clear introduction which gives the audience a brief overview of your talk.

Main body: A vital part of any presentation is ‘transitioning’ (moving on) to a new section, as well as handing over to another speaker. This helps the listener understand the structure and follow your main points.

Some useful transition phrases are shown in the box below.

Concluding

² As you can see, there are some very good reasons to...

² To sum up, my conclusion is that the present program is the best one.

² In conclusion ...

² Let me conclude my talk with the following comments.

² Allow me to conclude by listing out all the factors influencing the efficacy.

² In conclusion, I would like to point out the following aspects.

² I'd like to leave you with the following conclusion.

² Let me close by quoting Dr. Einstein, the famous physicist, who said that…     

² I would like to come to a close by quoting what Sir Newton once said...

² Therefore, I would suggest that we...

² I'd like to suggest...

² As far as I'm concerned, the only solution to the problem is...

Inviting Questions

² So, let's throw it open to questions.

² Now I' d like to answer any questions, if you have any.

² Now I am ready to answer your questions, if any.

² I'd be glad to try and answer any questions.

² Are there any questions?

² Any questions?

Sample:

Good morning/afternoon, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Today, I’m going to give a talk on the ... My presentation today consists of ... parts. The first part deals with ... The second part relates to... The third part concerns ... And the last part discusses...  My presentation will last about … minutes. And I’ll be happy to answer any questions you have at the end of my presentation.

To begin with, I’d like to talk about ...(the first part)..

Let's now move on to/turn to..(the second part).. 

... ...

In conclusion, I would like to point out the following aspects. ....(main points worth remembering)...

That's the end of my presentation. Thank you for your attention.

Now I' d like to answer any questions, if you have any.

以下几个幻灯片设计供大家做参考，特点为：

1. 所有幻灯片字体统一，标题字体可以与正文不同，但所有幻灯片里的标题要统一；

2. 正文字号要大，考虑演讲现场的实际情况，与你在笔记本电脑上看的效果不同；

3. 背景与文字对比度高，背景图案不宜太多色彩；

4. 要尽量使用数据支撑演讲内容；

5. 开头要有目录；

6. PPT里文字精炼，通过演讲来解释每一页的核心内容；

7. 演讲是为了让观众能听懂，PPT是辅助观众理解你讲的内容，不是增加他们的视觉负担。