摘要,是学术写作文体,少用第一人称可以使作者隐身,将读者的注意力聚焦到研究本身。减少第一人称的使用,有两种方法:
1 以this study /this paper 等代替i , we 作句子主语
2 使用被动语态
This research utilises a systematic perspective to study collision risk of near-misses in ship-ship encounters. This fills a secondary research gap where previous risk assessments only investigated near-misses from the perspective of a single vessel. Following this proposed approach, ship pair encounter states can be continually tracked. Ultimately, a method of improved Vessel Collision Risk Operator (VCRO) to merge risk assessments of both ships is proposed through integration of near-miss collision risks in a systematic way...
3 It +be + verb (past participle )/adj structure (P106 )

