Academic exploration 2: How permanent is your personality?I. Match the main ideas to their corresponding paragraphs.
A.limitations of the Scottish study
B.implications for your relationship with someone you didn’t like before
C.new evidence that suggests personality can change
D.contrast between the Scottish study and earlier ones
E.implications for the workplace
F.result of the Scottish study
G.implications for personal improvement
H.old belief that a person’s personality is stable
I.details about how the Scottish study was carried out
J.questions about whether the study result can be applied to our own life
K.implications for your friendship with an old friend
II. Complete the sentences with the words below. Change the form if necessary.
| comprehensive | correlation | co-worker | frustrated |
| rate | suggest | tempt |
|
1.The survey was distributed to over 1,000 people, but unfortunately, only about half of the __________ completed it correctly.
2.Is there any __________ between gender and personality traits?
3.When I don’t understand something even after the teacher has explained it twice, I feel __________.
4.This psychology journal has an interesting article about a very ______________ study carried out on a group of 500 volunteers.
5.The applicant was ______ very high intechnical skills, but rather low in social skills.
6.The results of my research_________________ that identity is important in all cultures in the world.
7.Fast-food chains will ______ you with more efficient takeout options.
8.Sharing family photos in the workplace helps ___________ become and remain connected.
III. Language points
You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.(Para.1)
这是一句谚语,直译为“老狗学不了新把戏”,引申义是 it isvery difficult to teach someone new skills or to change someone’s habits orcharacter,即“年老难学艺;本性难移”。
Published in the journal Psychologyand Aging, acomprehensive study by four psychologists examined a group of Scottish volunteersover a period of 63 years, making it the longest study of its type ever done.(Para.2)
这是一个结构较为复杂的长句,主干结构是acomprehensive study examined a group of Scottish volunteers;其余部分中publishedin the journal为过去分词短语作定语,修饰主语,makingit the longest study为现在分词短语作状语,表示结果。Psychologyand Aging用斜体表示期刊名称,与中文使用书名号的用法不同。
Now, it’s not a perfect study, of course;such a thing is rare, if not impossible, with human beings and personality.(Para.6)
Now 用在句子开头,表示改变话题,有时也用来引起对方的注意。
such a thing 联系上下文,指aperfect study。
插入语 if not impossible 采用了双重否定,相比于ifpossible,使用双重否定强调可能性很小,且更易引起读者注意。
If you know their personalities (andyours) could have changed over the years, you’ll be less disappointed if yourfriendship isn’t as deep now as it was before. (Para. 9)
括号中 and yours 为补充内容,而且是一个省略结构,指的是 andyour personalities。本句中有两个 if 引导的条件状语从句,其中主句中的if 条件状语从句是作者的进一步假设。
If a person has a personality trait thatinterferes with work – say he argues with customers or she misses deadlines –it’s important for managers to know that these traits can change. (Para.10)
句中两个破折号中间的是插入部分,对前面的内容进行举例说明,say在此处表示举例子、打比方。在举例的过程中,两个例子的主语分别是he和she,在学术写作中这样处理是为了在语言表达上体现性别平等,其作用就如同使用he /she。
Although some therapists do good workhelping patients accept themselves as they are, to build self-esteem, wouldn’tit be more beneficial to eliminate negative personality traits than to learn toaccept them? (Para.11)
此句为反问句,即 rhetoricalquestion,意为itwould be more beneficial to eliminate negative personality traits than to learnto accept them.
IV. Translate the following sentences into English.
我上大学之前是个多愁善感且内向的人。然而,我现在在大学里与人交往时更加自在了,因为我在课堂内外都有更多的团队合作。多亏了我的大学生活,我不再那么内向了。
我的一些性格特点需要改变。我的一个问题是我总是忍不住拖延。我计划将我需要完成的事情,比如写报告,分解成几个部分,并将其纳入我的每日日程。这样,我就可以每天完成一个大项目中的一小部分。我会尽最大努力严格遵循日程安排,希望我不会再错过任何截止日期。
I was sentimental and introverted before I entered the university. However, I find myself more at ease when socializing in college now because I have more teamwork in and out of class. Thanks to my college life, I’m not that introverted any more.
Some of my personality traits need to change. My problem is I can’t help procrastinating. I plan to break down what I need to finish, for example, writing a report, into several parts, and include it into my everyday schedule. In this way, I can finish a small part of a big project every day. I will try my best to strictly follow the schedule, and hopefully I will not miss any deadline again.
V. Translation of the text
你的性格是固定不变的吗?
1 有这么一句老话:老狗学不了新把戏。无疑,我们通常认为一个人的性格稳定不变。至于一个人生来就
是某种性格,还是在成长过程中形成了某种性格,人们可能意见不一,但人们普遍认为,一个人的性格在
50 岁时和在 20 岁时大同小异。无论是在个人生活还是工作中,我们都被告知要接受他人原本的样子,要学
会和他人相处,甚至是那些很难相处的人。毕竟,他们永远不会改变。
2 不过,新的证据显示这种观点是不正确的。《心理学与衰老》期刊上发表了一项综合研究,四位心理学家
对一组苏格兰志愿者进行了长达 63 年的调查——这是迄今为止此类研究中持续时间最长的。他们的发现出
人意料:参与者在 14 岁时的性格测试得分与 77 岁时参加同一测试的得分之间完全没有关联性。
3 这项测试针对六个方面:自信、毅力、情绪稳定性、责任心、独创性和求知欲。最初的研究有 1208 名儿
童参与,其中 174 人在 60 多年后参与了后续研究。由于自我评价并不可靠,所以参与者是由其他人针对上
述几个方面作出评价——14 岁时由老师评价,77 岁时由朋友或亲属评价。他们还接受了智力和总体幸福感
测试。
4 研究人员惊奇地发现,在相隔多年的两次测试中,没有任何一项评分相互匹配。
5 早前研究和测试得出的结果有些不同。早期研究显示,个别性格特征长期来看呈现弱相关,其他一些中
度相关。苏格兰的这项研究尽管规模不大,但其时间跨度更长。研究人员由此得出结论:性格转变更可能
在较长时间之后发生。
6 当然,这并不是一个完美无缺的研究。虽然也不是不可能,但对人类和性格的研究要做到完美无缺实属
31
罕见。比如,1950 年与 2012 年作出评价的人不同,这有可能导致偏差。针对诸如身份和性格这类宽泛主题
的研究,很难把所有变量都考虑周全。但是这些研究结果仍然有意义,并且可以带来一些有趣的启示。
7 让我们来考虑一下其中的一些启示。这一切意味着什么呢?只是具有学术价值吗,还是你可以将这一知
识运用于自己的生活呢?
8 首先,它可以让你以一种全新的方式来看待其他人。比如,有一个多年前你在学生时代认识的人通过社
交媒体联系到你。如果多年前你不喜欢这个人,现在你很可能会拒绝这种联系。毕竟,如果那时互不喜欢,
现在又怎么会互有好感呢?可是,如果性格真的可以改变,那么你就有理由再给这个人一次机会。他或她
现在也许变化很大——而你可能也是。
9 同样,你可能会对多年以后重新与你联系的儿时旧友有更理性的期望。如果你明白这些年来他们的性格
(以及你自己的性格)可能都发生了变化,一旦你们现在的友情不如从前那么深厚,你对此便会少一分失
望。你们两人可以接受彼此已经改变的事实,而不是感到沮丧。
10 这项研究对职场也有启示。无论是与同事相处还是跟客户打交道,性格都是员工是否适合一份工作的重
要影响因素。如果一个人的性格特征妨碍了工作——比如与客户发生争执,或者错过截止日期——那么很
重要的一点是,管理者要知道这些性格特征是可以改变的。通常来说,培训现有员工比将其辞退再招一个
替代者要划算。甚至对于那些没有出现问题的员工,也可以通过培训,使其在性格上变得更好、更有成效,
这将有助于确保人们彼此间继续和谐相处。
11 最后,还有一些对个人的启示。有的人会说“我脾气急”,“我的问题是忍不住拖延”,又或者“我总是
太敏感,事情出错的时候我会责怪自己”,如果你是这样的人,那么得知这些性格特征并非不可改变,应该
是个好消息。虽然一些心理医生能够卓有成效地帮助患者接受自己原本的样子,以帮助他们建立自尊;但
是,消除负面性格特征难道不比学会接受它们更为有益吗?知道你可以改变是学习如何改变的第一步。然
后你可以期待有一天会这么说:“我以前太过敏感了,但现在不这样了。”或者期待有一天,我们可能会开
始说,你能学会一些新技巧。
VI. Interpreting the text
1 The tone is informal. First of all, it has a conversational style. The author frequently uses the second-person
pronoun “you” and its possessive form “your,” which sounds like speaking directly to the readers. Also, the
author asks several rhetorical questions, such as “Although some therapists do good work helping patients
accept themselves as they are, to build self-esteem, wouldn’t it be more beneficial to eliminate negative
personality traits than to learn to accept them?”. In English, the technique of asking rhetorical questions is
often used in speech and in informal writing. Besides, there are quite a few contractions, such as “it’s” and
“didn’t,” which are rarely used in formal writing. Moreover, some colloquial expressions are used, such as
“Let’s …,” “say you’re …”.
The intended audience could be those who are studying psychology or doing research in this field, or people
who are interested in understanding their personalities.
2 Because the finding that the participants’ personalities changed over a 63-year period is contrary to the
general belief that a person’s personality is stable.
3 Para. 6 is a typical transitional paragraph. The author first makes a concession that there might be limitations
of the study, and then emphasizes that the findings are still significant as they have interesting implications. In
the following part, the implications of the study are listed in detail. Therefore, the writing purpose of Para. 6 is
to highlight the significance of the study, thereby leading to the following paragraphs.
4 Your friendship might not be as deep now as it was before, as your personalities may have both changed.
5 Because managers can accordingly train their employees to be better and more effective in terms of
personality. This is usually cheaper than hiring a replacement instead.
6 It suggests that you can make some changes to your personality.
7 The author holds a positive attitude towards personality change. This attitude is manifested in the
19
implications derived from the Scottish study. In interpersonal relationships, people may have a new way to
think about other people, especially someone they knew a long time ago. In the workplace, employees’
personality can be trained to be better at and more effective in their work. In personal life, knowing that
personality can change is the first step towards eliminating negative personality traits and changing into a
better person.