英语词汇学

艾朝阳

目录

  • 1 Chapter One LEXICOLOGY as a LINGUISTIC DISCIPLINE
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Branches of Linguistics
    • 1.3 Lexical Units
  • 2 Chapter Two
    • 2.1 Ways of Forming English Words
    • 2.2 Affixation
    • 2.3 Word-composition
    • 2.4 Classifications of English compounds
    • 2.5 Conversion
    • 2.6 Shortening or (ABBREVIATION)
    • 2.7 Blendings
    • 2.8 Non-productive ways of Word-building
  • 3 Chapter Three ETYMOLOGY  OF ENGLISH WORDS
    • 3.1 Native English Words
    • 3.2 Borrowings in the English Language
    • 3.3 Classification of Borrowings
  • 4 Chapter Four  SEMASIOLOGY
    • 4.1 Types of Meaning
    • 4.2 The Causes of Semantic Changes
    • 4.3 Semantic Structure of English Words
    • 4.4 Nature of Semantic Changes
    • 4.5 The Main Semantic Aspects of Compounds
  • 5 Chapter Five TYPES  OF SEMANTIC RELATIONS
    • 5.1 Synonyms
    • 5.2 The Dominant Synonym
    • 5.3 Classification of Synonyms
    • 5.4 Antonyms
    • 5.5 Euphemisms
    • 5.6 The Evolution of Euphemisms
  • 6 Chapter Six ENGLISH VOCABULARY  AS A SYSTEM
    • 6.1 Homonyms
    • 6.2 Classification of Homonyms
    • 6.3 Archaisms
    • 6.4 Neologisms
  • 7 Chapter Seven PHRASEOLOGY
    • 7.1 Phraseological Units or Idioms
    • 7.2 Principles of Classification
    • 7.3 Semantic Classification of Phraseological Unitsv
    • 7.4 Structural Classification of Phraseological Units
    • 7.5 Parts of Speech Classification of Phraseological Units
    • 7.6 The Structural-Semantic Classification of PU
  • 8 Chapter Eight. The BRITISH AND  AMERICAN VARIANTS OF ENGLISH
    • 8.1 Differences in Pronunciation
    • 8.2 Differences in Spelling
    • 8.3 System of American English
  • 9 Chapter Nine ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY
    • 9.1 LEXICOGRAPHY  as a branch of LINGUISTICS
      • 9.1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF  LEXICOGRAPHY
      • 9.1.2 COMMON  CHARACTERISTICS  of DICTIONARIES
      • 9.1.3 The Process of Lemmatization
    • 9.2 MODERN TRENDS  IN ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY
  • 10 新建课程目录
Classifications of English compounds

1. According to the parts of speech compounds are subdivided into:

a)  nouns, such as: baby-moon,table-lamp, table-spoon, bookshop,

reading-room;

b)adjectives, such as: first-class,power-happy, down-market;

dark-blue,red-hot;

c)  verbs, such as: to honey-moon,to baby-sit, to henpeck; to

broadcast;

d)adverbs, such as: downdeep,somewhere, everywhere, nowhere,

headfirst;

e)  prepositions, such as: into,within;

f)  numerals, such as: fifty-five,twenty-six;

g)pronouns, such as: everyone,somebody, someone, nobody,

nothing.

2. According to the way of components joined together compounds aredivided into:

       morphological compounds where components are joined by linking elements: vowels «o» or «i» or the consonant «s», e.g.astrospace, handicraft, sportsman;

       syntactical compounds where the components are joined by means of form word stems withthe help of linking elements represented by prepositions or conjunctions.

Eg.: here-and-now,free-for-all, hide-and-seek, do-or-die, lily-ofthe-valley.

3. According to the structure compounds are subdivided into:

       neutral or compounds properwhich are formed by combining together two stems without any joining morpheme,e.g. ball-point, bedroom, sunflower,girlfriend;

       derivational compounds haveaffixes in their structure, e.g. earminded,new-comer, story-teller, long-legged, blue-eyed;

       compound words consisting ofthree or more stems, e.g.

cornflower-blue,eggshell-thin, marry-go-round, singer-songwriter;

       compound-shortened or contractedwords have a shortened stem in their structure, e.g. Eurodollar, tourmobile,motocross. There are also compound-shortened words where the fi rstcomponent is an initial abbreviation with the alphabetical reading and thesecond one is a complete word, compare the letter U standing for upper classes in such combinations as U-pronunciation, U-language and otherexamples, V-day (victory day), E-Day (entrance day), H-way,(high way) etc.