1. Please download the following materials for your preview of words and expressions.

2. Useful words

★tend: 

v. (also ~ to) take care of sb. or sth. 照顾； 照料；看护 

The nurse carefully tended her patients, so they recovered very quickly. 护士精心地照顾她的病人，所以他们很快就康复了。 

vi. (~ to do sth.) be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic 倾向；易于；往往会 

Researchers have found that happy people tend to have more friends. 研究者发现快乐的人往往朋友更多。

★nurture: 

vt. 1) provide the care and attention necessary for a young child, animal, or plant to grow and develop 养育；培育

These plants are usually nurtured in the greenhouse. 这些植物通常是在温室里培育的。 

2) help sb. or sth. to develop 培养；促进； 助长 

As president of the university, she regards it as her responsibility to nurture talent for the country. 作为大学校长，她以为国家培养人才为己任。

n. [U] the care and attention given to sth. or sb. in order to help them develop 养育； 培育；培养；教育

 Many people believe that nurture has a stronger influence than nature on how children develop. 很多人相信，对孩子的成长来说，后天教育比先天条件影响更大。

★be / get there: (infml.) used for saying that sb. has achieved / is going to achieve success 已 / 将要获得成功 

I had hoped to compose several poems for the magazine, but I’m not quite there yet. 我原本希望为杂志创作几首诗，但是我还没完全写好。

★deserve: vt. have earned sth. by good or bad actions or behavior 应得，应受到（奖赏或惩罚） 

Although they didn’t win the championship, they still deserve our respect due to their efforts. 虽然他们没有赢得冠军，但他们付出了努力，仍然值得我们尊重。

★plump: a. 

1) large and round in an attractive way 圆鼓鼓的；又大又圆的 

These plump, juicy grapes are currently in season, giving them an excellent taste! 这些葡萄正当季，饱满多汁，味道极佳！

2) slightly fat, in a pleasant way 胖乎乎的； 丰满的 

He has got rather plump since I saw him last time. 自从我上次见到他以来，他胖了不少。

★vigor: n. [U] energy, force, or enthusiasm 精力；力量；活力；热情 

Jennifer was picked to lead the team because of her vigor and enthusiasm. 詹妮弗因为有活力、有热情，所以被选中来带领这个团队。

strain: n. [C] a type of animal, plant, or disease 系；品系；品种；类型 

Scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous. 科学家们已经发现了一种危险性更大的新毒株。

★breed: 

vt. produce new plants or animals from existing ones, esp. in order to produce plants or animals with particular qualities 培植；育（种） 

These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep. 这些狗最初在苏格兰是为了赶羊而饲养的。

vi. if animals breed, they become the parents of young animals（动物）生育，繁殖 

While the animals are still immature, they do not breed. 这些动物未发育完全时不会繁殖。 

n. [C] a particular type of animal or plant （动植物的）品种，种 

What’s your favorite breed of dog? 你最喜欢哪个品种的狗?

★domesticate: vt. bring animals or plants under human control in order to provide food, power, or company 驯化；驯养；人工培植

 Dogs were probably the first animals to be domesticated by human beings. 狗很可能是被人类最早驯化的动物。

★ domesticated: a. (of animals or plants) brought under human control in order to provide food, power, or company（动物）驯化的；（植物）人工培养的

What are the differences between wild rice and domesticated rice? 野生水稻和人工栽培的水稻有什么区别？

★skeptical: a. (BrE sceptical) tending to disagree with what other people tell you 持怀疑态度的；不相信的

 If someone is skeptical about your ability, don’t be discouraged. Prove them wrong. 如果有人对你的能力表示怀疑，不要泄气。去证明他们是错的。

★  offspring: n. [C] (pl. offspring) 

the young of an animal or plant 崽兽；幼崽；幼苗

The boy was excited to see a lion and its offspring in the zoo. 在动物园看到一头狮子和它的幼崽，那个男孩很激动。

sb.’s child or children 子女；子孙；后代

 I saw a young mother trying to discipline her offspring. 我看到一个年轻的妈妈正在试图管教自己的孩子。

★ speak for itself / themselves: show sth. very clearly 不言而喻；不辩自明

 Her knowledge and experience are unmatched. Her success speaks for itself. 她的知识和经验无人能及。她的成功说明了一切。

★ hybrid:

   a. relating to or produced from parents of different species, varieties, or breeds 杂交的 

Hybrid plants can happen naturally in nature, or artificially by manual pollination. 杂交植物可以在自然界中自然产生，也可以通过人工授粉培育。

n. [C] 1) an animal or plant produced from parents of different breeds or types 杂交动物；杂交植物；杂交而成的生物体

A mule is a hybrid of a donkey and a horse. 骡子是驴和马所生的杂交动物。

2) sth. that consists of or comes from a mixture of two or more other things （两种或两种以上不同物质组成的）混合体 

His work is an interesting hybrid of traditional Chinese music and popular music. 他的作品是中国传统音乐与流行音乐的有趣结合。

★ deficiency: n. [C, U] (fml.) 

1) a lack of sth. that is necessary 不足；缺乏

His blood test reveals a deficiency in certain minerals and vitamins. 他的验血结果显示他缺乏某些矿物质和维生素。 

2) a weakness or fault in sth. 缺点；毛病

If students don’t study their lessons as they are told, deficiencies will show up quickly when they take an exam. 如果学生们不按要求学习课程，那么考试的时候他们的不足马上就会暴露出来。

★ as well as sth. / sb.: in addition to sth. or sb. else（除…之外）也，还 

This movie is a success because of its excellent cast as well as its moving story. 凭借优秀的演员阵容和感人的故事，这部电影获得了成功。

★ name sb. / sth. after sb. / sth: give sb. or sth. the same name as sb. or sth. else 以…的名字给…取名 

 In 1964, an asteroid was named after Zu Chongzhi, a famous astronomer in Southern and Northern Dynasties. 1964 年，一颗小行星以南北朝时期著名天文学家祖冲之的名字命名。

★  devote oneself to: do everything one can to achieve sth. or help sb. 献身于；专心致力于 

She has devoted all of herself to taking care of orphans. 她一生致力于照顾孤儿。

★ focus: 

v. 1) concentrate on sth. and pay particular attention to it 聚焦；集中（注意力）

The report helped to focus people’s attention on climate change. 这篇报道促使人们关注气候变化。

2) turn a part on a camera, telescope, microscope, etc. until you can see sth. clearly 调节（照相机、望远镜、显微镜等的） 焦距

Judy quickly focused the camera on her children. 朱迪迅速把照相机的镜头对准了她的孩子们。

n. [sing.] the thing, person, situation, etc. that people pay special attention to 焦点； 重点

 We should maintain our focus on the needs of the students. 我们应该继续重点关注学生们的需求。

★ lift sb. out of sth.: improve the situation that sb. is in 改善 

Education can lift people out of poverty and enable communities to grow economically. 教育能使人们摆脱贫困，并让社区实现经济增长。

★  turn one’s attention to sth. / sb.: start to think about or consider a particular thing or person 开始关注 

The university has turned its attention to providing more high-quality courses for students. 该大学已经开始关注如何为学生提供更多的优质课程。

★ keep on doing sth.: continue doing sth. 继续，不停（做…）

 In class, the teacher kept on asking us question after question, which helped us focus our attention. 老师在课堂上不停地向我们提问，这有助于我们集中注意力。

★ a mountain / mountains of sth.: a very large pile or amount of sth. 大堆；大量

 Sorry I can’t go to the movies with you today. I’ve got a mountain of work to do. 抱歉，今天我不能和你去看电影。我有一大堆的工作要做。